• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.115-128
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• 2018

Understanding the process of spatial perception plays a significant role in the design process as well as in the use of actual spaces. The perception of spatial depth can vary according to the space composition and design even there is no change in the actual size of the space. The properties of 3-dimensional space are its width, height, and depth; however, compared to the perception of spatial width and height, little research and theories exist on spatial depth perception. The reasons may be there less interest lies in the effect of spatial depth perception than that of spaciousness or height of space. This study is an investigation of the process of spatial depth perception using an eye-tracking device with stimuli developed through Computer Graphics. A total of 44 interior design major students participated in the eye tracking experiment; and they looked at three images comprised of an identical room with only changes in the rear wall condition. The results show that a significant difference in the fixation duration per stimulus exists. In addition, a significant difference exists on the fixation duration per stimulus according to the participants' answer of the deepest space. The result of this study can help identify factors for spatial depth perception, validate the assumption on it, and provide knowledge on how to acquire desirable spatial depth by utilizing the research result.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.29-40
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• 2023

The term and concept of "immortality" has garnered a considerable amount of attention worldwide. However, research on this topic is lacking, and the question of when the mind of a deceased individual survives death has yet to be answered. This research investigates whether morality and mind perception of the dead correlate with immortality. Study 1 measures the perceived immortality of people, who were good or evil in life. The results show that the perceived morality is related with the perceived immortality. Moreover, participants indicated the extent to which each person had maintained a degree of morality and agency/experience of the mind. Therefore, morality and mind perception toward a person are related to perceived immortality. In Study 2, participants were asked to read three essays on robots (good, evil, and nonmoral), and had to indicate the extent to which each robot maintains a degree of immortality, morality, and agency/experience of the mind. The results show that good spirits of a robot are related to higher scores of mind perception toward the robot, resulting in increasing tendency of perceived immortality. These results provide implications that the morality of humans and robots can mediate the relationship between mind perception and immortality. This work extends on previous research on the determinants of social robots for overcoming difficulties in human-robot interaction.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2015

This paper presents a study on the performance of the music search based on the automatically recognized music-emotion labels. As in the other media data, such as speech, image, and video, a song can evoke certain emotions to the listeners. When people look for songs to listen, the emotions, evoked by songs, could be important points to consider. However; very little study has been done on the performance of the music-emotion labels to the music search. In this paper, we utilize the three axes of human music perception (valence, activity, tension) and the five basic emotion labels (happiness, sadness, tenderness, anger, fear) in measuring music similarity for music search. Experiments were conducted on both genre and singer datasets. The search accuracy of the proposed emotion-based music search was up to 75 % of that of the conventional feature-based music search. By combining the proposed emotion-based method with the feature-based method, we achieved up to 14 % improvement of search accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.456-465
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to understand the interrelationships between customers' perception of service encounter elements, customers' emotional response and customer satisfaction in a family restaurant. Based on a total of 408 samples, this study reviewed the reliability and fitness of the research model and verified a total of 4 hypotheses using the Amos program. The hypothesized relationships of the model were tested simultaneously using a structural equation model (SEM). The proposed model provided an adequate fit to the data, ${\chi}^2$=821.151 (df=333), CMIN/df 2.466, GFI .878, NFI .927, IFI .955, TLI .949, CFI .955, RMSEA .060. The results showed that human factor ($\beta$=.426) and physical factor ($\beta$=.266) as service encounter elements in family restaurants were indicated to have a positive (+) influence on customers' positive emotion. For influence of customers' negative emotion, human factor ($\beta$=-.157) was surveyed to have a negative (-) influence. Also, customers' positive emotion ($\beta$=.716) and negative emotion ($\beta$=-.081) had significant effects on customer satisfaction. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.503-516
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• 2012

According to the researches of robot and software agent until now, computational emotion model is dependent on system, so it is hard task that emotion models is separated from existing systems and then recycled into new systems. Therefore, I introduce the Engine of computational Emotion model (shall hereafter appear as EE) to integrate with any robots or agents. This is the engine, ie a software for independent form from inputs and outputs, so the EE is Emotion Generation to control only generation and processing of emotions without both phases of Inputs(Perception) and Outputs(Expression). The EE can be interfaced with any inputs and outputs, and produce emotions from not only emotion itself but also personality and emotions of person. In addition, the EE can be existed in any robot or agent by a kind of software library, or be used as a separate system to communicate. In EE, emotions is the Primary Emotions, ie Joy, Surprise, Disgust, Fear, Sadness, and Anger. It is vector that consist of string and coefficient about emotion, and EE receives this vectors from input interface and then sends its to output interface. In EE, each emotions are connected to lists of emotional experiences, and the lists consisted of string and coefficient of each emotional experiences are used to generate and process emotional states. The emotional experiences are consisted of emotion vocabulary understanding various emotional experiences of human. This study EE is available to use to make interaction products to response the appropriate reaction of human emotions. The significance of the study is on development of a system to induce that person feel that product has your sympathy. Therefore, the EE can help give an efficient service of emotional sympathy to products of HRI, HCI area.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.267-278
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• 2009

Today an embodied agent generates a large amount of interest because of its vital role for human-human interactions and human-computer interactions in virtual world. A number of researchers have found that we can recognize and distinguish between various emotions expressed by an embodied agent. In addition many studies found that we respond to simulated emotions in a similar way to human emotion. This study investigates interpretation of mismatched emotions expressed by an embodied agent (e.g. a happy face with a sad voice); whether audio-visual channel integration occurs or one channel dominates when participants judge the emotion. The study employed a 4 (visual: happy, sad, warm, cold) $\times$ 4 (audio: happy, sad, warm, cold) within-subjects repeated measure design. The results suggest that people perceive emotions not depending on just one channel but depending on both channels. Additionally facial expression (happy face vs. sad face) makes a difference in influence of two channels; Audio channel has more influence in interpretation of emotions when facial expression is happy. People were able to feel other emotion which was not expressed by face or voice from mismatched emotional expressions, so there is a possibility that we may express various and delicate emotions with embodied agent by using only several kinds of emotions.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-47
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate how children with cochlear implants (CI) perceive emotion in music depending on mode and tempo cues, and to compare them to NH children. Participants in this study included 13 CI children who were implanted with either unilateral or bilateral cochlear implants aged between 7 and 13 years, 36 NH children, and 20 NH adults. The musical stimuli used in this study were piano recordings in either major or minor mode, with tempos of 130 bpm and 56 bpm. A comparison of the emotion perception levels of NH children and NH adults before the experiment showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups. Meanwhile, the way they perceive different emotions from each music condition varies, in that CI children perceived all music conditions except as happy, while NH children perceived music in a major key as happy and music in a minor key as sad. It supports that CI children tend to rely primarily on tempo cues to process and identify emotional information from music, which is contrary to NH children. It is important to note that this study enhanced and specified the understanding of how CI children perceive music emotion and use specific musical elements in the process. These findings indicate baseline data on emotion perception in music in CI children.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.35-38
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• 2007

맛을 인지하는데 있어 색채가 끼치는 영향에 대한 선행 연구들에 의하면 사람은 특정 색이 상기시켜주는 맛을 기억하고 있고, 맛과 그 강도를 예측하고 판단하는데 있어 색에 크게 의지하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 사람들이 음식물 색에 대한 경험의 종류와 정도에 따라 색채로부터 연상되는 맛에 대한 특성을 파악하기 위해 2회에 걸친 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 1에서는 색상환에 고르게 분포한 여섯 가지 대표 색을 가진 초콜렛 샘플을 준비하고 피험자들에게 단맛과 쓴맛의 정도에 대해 각각 평가하도록 하였다(N=20). 실험 2에서는 실험 1의 색을 활용하되, 이를 알약에 적용한 후 동일한 평가를 진행하였다(N=20). 실험 결과, 맛에 대한 경험이 풍부한 난색 계열에서는 단맛, 쓴맛에 대한 일관된 경향을 나타냈지만, 그렇지 않은 파랑색에 대해서는 분산된 반응을 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 경험의 정도에 따라 색으로부터 연상되는 공감각적 특성에 대한 통찰력을 제공하며 효과적인 식품 패키지 디자인에 참고로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.67-76
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• 2010

Recently the trend that human emotions become central is strongly on the rise beyond functions in the area of space. In the present situation, the current study is to examine the characteristics of experiential space of emotions through an approach to space appearing in kinetic art paying attention to the fact that the new spatial expressions and forms of Kineticism lie in introduction of 'movement' as a phenomenon that humans who are main agents of experiences can perceive. For research methods, spatial expressions were proposed according to each characteristic extracting characteristics to create space through 'movement' of Kineticism, and the features of experiential space of emotion were elicited by analyzing sensible elements and perceptual characteristics which stimulate human sensitivity through expressive aspects of 'movement' appearing in the case. As a result, it was found that characteristics appeared including immersion through non-daily stimulation, empathy through visual·perceptual stimulation, syn-aesthetic experiences through stimulation of thinking senses, and perceptual activation through physical movement etc. Namely, the present study has its meanings in seeking another directions and possibilities as emotional space to activate experiencers' diverse perceptions and senses by analyzing the characteristics of experiential emotional space through 'movement' of Kineticism which is one of modern plastic arts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.177-180
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• 2009

This study investigates the perception of different fabrics by consumers when provided with a video clip with rustling sounds of the fabric. We utilized sportswear products that are currently on the market and evaluated the emotional response of internet shoppers by measuring the physiological and psychological responses. Three kinds of vapor-permeable water-repellent fabric were selected to generate video clips each containing the fabric rustling sound and images of exercise activities wearing the sportswear made of the respective fabric. The new experimental website contained the video clips and was compared with the original website which served as a control. 30 subjects, who had experience to buy clothing online, took part in the physiological and psychological response to the video clip. Electroen-cephalography (EEG) was used to measure the physiological response while the psychological response consisted of evaluating accurate perception of the fabric, satisfaction, and consumer interest. When we offered video clips with fabric's rustling sound on the website, subjects answered they could get more accurate and rapid information to decide to purchase the products than otherwise they do the shopping without such information. However, such rustling sounds somewhat annoy customers, as proved psychological and physiological response. Our study is a critical step in evaluating the consumer's emotional response to sportswear fabric which will promote selling frequency, reduce the return rate and aid development of new sportswear fabric further evolution of the industry.