• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 2000년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집 제19권 1호
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• pp.317-320
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• 2000

본 논문은 영어 모국어 화자(남, 여)들이 발성한 영어 모음 12개를 가지고 모음의 길이와 포만트 값(Fl, F2)을 측정하고, 인지실험에 사용할 시료를 만들어 원광대학교 학부생을 대상으로 음성학 수강반 학생 90명, 비 수강반 64명 두 그룹으로 나누어 총 154명을 대상으로 인지실험(Identification test)를 실시하였다. 인지실험결과 음성학 수강반 학생들의 모음인지율이 비 수강반 학생들 보다 대체적으로 좋았으며, 여자화자의 모음인지율이 남자화자의 인지율보다 대체적으로 높았다. 학생들의 인지율 가장 좋은 모음은 hayed, hard였으며, 인지율이 가장 낮은 모음은 head, had 등이였다.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제41호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2001

As a pan of voice identification, this study is on the voices from four different groups of sisters. The purpose of this study is to observe and analyze if sister's voices are actually so similar, as many people believe, that it is more difficult to distinguish one from the other than those of unrelated speakers. And it is also aimed to find out what the clues are to decide whether or not the voices are those of the same speaker or of different ones. The result shows that the mean frequencies of $F_3$ and $F_4$ of examined vowels and F0, in some group of sisters, are analyzed similar, In aural test, many listeners took their voices for those of the same speaker.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2018

Purpose - As the importance of salesperson attitudes and behaviors enhancing customer perception and loyalty have increased, many retail companies put emphasis on internal marketing activities. The issue also has captured the interest of academics, but most of the previous research tends to be limited to investigating antecedents of salesperson job satisfaction and commitment. Based on the consumer-brand relationship concepts, this study aims to examine the effects of the salesperson-brand relationships on customers' service evaluation and store loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology - In a structural equation model, it is hypothesized that salesperson brand identification influences salespersons' brand trust and affect, which are the two dimensions of consumer-brand relationships. Salespersons' brand trust and affect are expected to increase salespersons' customer orientation, which in turn influences customers' service evaluations and store loyalty. To test this hypotheses a set of data collected from department stores in Seoul is utilized. Results - First, it was found that salesperson brand identification is a significant antecedent to salespersons' brand trust and affects, the two dimensions of salesperson brand relationships. Second, salespersons' brand trust and affect were found to enhance salespersons' customer-oriented behaviors. Third, salespersons' customer orientation showed a significant effect on customers' service evaluation. When a salesperson makes more effort to provide useful information for fulfilling customer needs, customers evaluate the salesperson's service more positively. Finally, customers' service evaluation had a positive impact on customers' store loyalty. Conclusions - This study provides significant academic and practical implications. First, based on the theory of consumer-brand relationships, the concept of salesperson-brand relationships was introduced and found to be an effective motivator of salespersons' customer oriented attitudes and behaviors. Therefore, the two dimensions of brand relationships, brand trust and affect, should be considered as the critical factors both in developing theoretical research and improving long-term company performance. Also, internal marketing activities should focus on maximizing employees' brand identification. That is, retail companies need to put emphasis on sharing their brand values and personality with internal customers to strengthen the brand relationships with salespersons and to enhance customer responses.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the ability of facial affect perception is associated with schizotypal personality traits in healthy normal controls. Methods : 241 normal subjects were recruited in this study. The age range of all subjects was from 19 to 63 years. The schizotypal personality questionnaire(SPQ) and facial affect identification test(FAIT), which were developed and standardized in Korea, were applied. Subjects from high 1 standard deviation(H group, N=40) and low 1 standard deviation(L group, N=26) on SPQ score were compared. Results : We found that the H group showed significantly reduced ability on the correctness of sadness and neutral compared with the L group. But, no significant association between SPQ and intensity or reaction point was observed in all subjects. Conclusion : This study suggests the individuals with high schizotypal personality trait have impairments on the facial affect identification. Also, these findings may provide the reasonable explanation of social cognition deficit of schizotypal personality disorder.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.82-93
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• 1999

Stroke is a serious disease despite recent improvement in medical and surgical treatment. Hence, identification of modifiable risk factors for stroke is important. This case-control study was done to demonstrate that relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, perception of saltness and the incidence of stroke and to identify that smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and perception of saltness, after adjusting for age, hypertension. A structured interview was carried out from April 15, 1996 to May 3, 1996 in Yonsei Medical Center. The study group consisted of 59 neurologically confirmed stroke patients as the study group and 59 non-stroke patients as controls. Analysis of the data was done by means of ${\chi}^2$-test and logistic regression analysis. The results were as follows. In the study group: 1) Hypertension in males had a 10.2 odds ratio (p<0.05), cardiovascular disease in females had a 11.3 odds ratio (p<0.05) and a farnily history of stroke in males had a 3.1 odds ratio (p<0.05). 2) Females smoking one or more cigarettes had a 8.3 odds ratio (p<0.1), but males had no direct relationship with odds ratio of 1.5 (non-significant). 3) Alcohol consumption in males had a 0.4 odds ratio, and in females had a 0.8 odds ratio. The odds ratio was decreased in alcohol consumption group (non-significant). 4) Males with more than 20 cigarettes pack-years history had a 2.5 odds ratio (p<0.05), more than 25 Body Mass Index had a 3.1 odds ratio (p<0.05) and more than 220 ml ethanol weekly consumption had a 1.5 odds ratio (non-significant). 5) Female smokers had a 8.3 odds ratio (p<0.1), drinkers a 0.8 odds ratio and more than 25 Body Mass Iidex, a 43.1 odds ratio (p<0.05). 6) Females without saltness perception from a 0.5% salt solution had a 6.8 odds ratio (non-significant). 7) By logistic regression analysis independent risk factors for stroke in males were found to be hypertention, age, and obesity. The study was limited because number of subjects was too small for practical implications. However, like as other results, this study suggest that people should be advised to control hypertension, and obesity since these carry a risk of stroke.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.867-879
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• 2017

This study investigated the factors affecting problematic drinking amongst the male university students of the Changwon area (n=367). The participants were divided into 3 groups, and undertook the self-report questionnaire survey. Based on the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) guidelines, problematic drinking were rated as 'no problem' (28.8%), 'at-risk drinking' (41.7%), and 'alcohol abuse' (29.5%). Our study revealed that students living alone, indulged in more club activities, and drank more than 3 cans of carbonated drinks a day; this was significantly high on the AUDIT score (p<0.05). Participation in education was significantly higher (p<0.05), but intention to reduce the monthly alcohol consumption was significantly lower (p<0.001) in the alcohol abuse group. Recognition level of drinking cultures, drinking habits, AUDIT, and nicotine dependence were significantly higher in the alcohol abuse group (p<0.001). Recognition level of drinking cultures and nicotine dependence by the FTND (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence) positively correlated with problematic drinking, whereas dietary guidelines and self-esteem showed a negative correlation with problematic drinking (p<0.05). Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis, the factors affecting problematic drinking were recognition level of drinking cultures (${\beta}=0.47$, p<0.001) and nicotine dependence (${\beta}=0.23$, p<0.001). We conclude that implementation of health education for university students, would aid in rectifying the incorrect perception of drinking. Furthermore, both drinking and smoking should be considered simultaneously.

• 인지과학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.111-151
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• 2023

폭음군은 알코올 사용 장애 환자와 유사한 인지기능의 장애를 보인다고 보고된다. 신경심리검사와 뇌 영상 기법을 사용하여 알코올 사용 장애 환자들의 시지각 기능을 조사한 선행 연구에서는 이들이 전체-세부 시지각 처리 결함을 가짐을 보고하였다. 폭음군의 전체-세부 시지각 결함에 대한 신경학적 근거가 제시되고 있으나 폭음군의 전체-세부 시지각 처리 과정을 조사한 연구는 현재까지 보고되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 폭음을 하는 여자대학생의 세부 편향적 시지각 특성을 Navon의 전체-세부 방안과 사건관련전위를 사용하여 조사하였다. 전체-세부 방안에서 자극은 세부 수준 혹은 세부 수준의 자극들로 구성된 전체 수준에서 제시되었으며, 두 수준에서 제시되는 자극은 서로 일치하거나 불일치하였다. 본 연구에 폭음군 25명과 비폭음군 25명이 참여하였다. 행동자료 분석 결과, 비폭음군과 폭음군 모두 세부 자극에 비해 전체 자극을 더 빠르고 정확하게 처리하였다. 또한, 두 집단 모두 전체불일치 조건에 비해 세부불일치 조건에서 유의하게 낮은 반응정확률과 긴 반응시간을 보였으며, 이는 전체 수준의 비목표 자극에 의해 간섭을 받았음을 의미한다. 사건관련전위의 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 비폭음군과 폭음군 모두 세부불일치 조건에 비해 전체불일치 조건에서 더 큰 N100 진폭, 세부 조건에 비해 전체 조건에서 더 큰 P150 진폭을 보였고, N200의 경우 두 집단 모두 전체 조건에 비해 세부 조건에서 더 큰 진폭, 전체불일치 조건보다 세부불일치 조건에서 더 큰 진폭을 보였다. 반면, P300의 경우 비폭음군에 비해 폭음군이 더 작은 진폭을 보였으며, 특히 세부 조건에서 더 작은 P300 진폭을 보였다. 또한, P300 진폭과 폭음 점수 사이의 부적 상관, 즉 폭음 점수가 증가할수록 P300 진폭이 감소하는 것이 관찰되었다. N100은 초기 시각 주의, P150은 시각적 특징을 기반으로 한 목표 자극의 지각 과정, N200은 갈등 모니터링 및 반응 억제, 그리고 P300은 인지적 억제 및 주의 할당 과정을 반영하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 전체-세부 방안의 세부 과제에서는 세부 수준에서 제시되는 목표 자극에 주의를 할당하는 동시에 전체 수준에서 제시되는 비목표 자극에 대한 주의는 억제하는 것이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 폭음을 하는 여자대학생이 세부 편향적 시지각 특성을 가지고 있지 않고 대신 주의를 억제하는 능력의 결함을 가지고 있을 가능성을 시사한다.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.41-58
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• 2003

Coronal/non-coronal asymmetry refers to the typological trend wherein coronals rather than non-coronals are more likely targets in place assimilation. Although the phenomenon has been accounted for by resorting to the notion of unmarkedness in formalistic approaches to sound patterns, the examination of rules and representations cannot answer why there should be such a process in the first place. Furthermore, the motivation of coronal/non-coronal asymmetry has remained controversial to date even in the field of phonetics. The present study investigated the listeners' perception of coronal and non-coronal stops in the context of $VC_{1}C_{2}V$ after critically reviewing the three types of phonetic accounts for coronal/non-coronal asymmetry, i.e., articulatory, perceptual, and gestural overlap accounts. An experiment was conducted to test whether the phenomenon in question may occur, given the listeners' lack of perceptual ability to identify weaker place cues in VC transitions as argued by Ohala (1990), i.e., coronals have weak place cues that cause listeners' misperception. 5pliced nonsense $VC_{1}C_{2}V$ utterances were given to 20 native speakers of English and Korean. Data analysis showed that majority of the subjects reported $C_{2}\;as\;C_{1}$. More importantly, the place of articulation of C1 did not affect the listeners' identification. Compared to non-coronals, coronals did not show a significantly lower rate of correct identifications. This study challenges the view that coronal/non-coronal asymmetry is attributable to the weak place cues of coronals, providing evidence that CV cues are more perceptually salient than VC cues. While perceptual saliency account may explain the frequent occurrence of regressive assimilation across languages, it cannot be extended to coronal/non-coronal asymmetry.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.19-34
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine whether a psychological concept enhances healthcare users' service experience. Specifically, the study proposes and empirically examines a model of perceived control in which the user's sense of control is postulated as exerting positive influences upon his/her motivation, self-efficacy associated with his/her role as a patient, and satisfaction with his/her medical service experience. Methodology - Data were collected by a professional research company, using an online survey method. Participants of the study included adults nineteen years or older who had visited a medical service institute at least once during the previous one-year period. For the test of the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling using AMOS was used. Findings - Findings of this study denote a unique insight into the users' comprehension of medical service experiences and their behaviors. First, the concept of perceived control is identified as a factor that enhances the quality of individuals' medical service experiences. A sense of control directly influences medical users' self-efficacy to comply with doctor's recommendations, their motivation to comply with doctor's recommendations, and their satisfaction with the medical service experience. Second, one's perceived self-efficacy is found to exert positive influences upon both motivation and satisfaction. Third, one's motivation to comply with the doctor's recommendation is found to exert a positive influence upon one's satisfaction. Additionally, perceived control is found to exert an indirect influence upon medical service users' satisfaction through the mediation of both self-efficacy and motivation. Research Implications - The findings of the study support the notion that perception of control among medial service users enhances their service experience as patients. The main thrust of this study suggests that it is necessary for healthcare practitioners to consider implementing service encounter strategies that purposefully enhance the sense of control among their patients. The identification of significant inter-relationships among perceived control, motivation, self-efficacy, and satisfaction among medical service customers should also serve as a meaningful seed for further research pursuits.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2013

Purpose - This study examines the adverse press coverage that has increased in proportion to the remarkable growth of various kinds of franchise businesses in the food service industry. Today, the trust of franchisees in relation to their franchisor, and the maintenance of good relations between the two, has become a significant social issue. This study investigates relationship satisfaction and the long-term commitment between the franchisor and franchisee. Research design, data, methodology - We used a path analysis to investigate the relationship between justice and trust, trust and relationship satisfaction, justice and relationship satisfaction, trust and long-term commitment, and relationship satisfaction and long-term commitment. Structural Equation Modeling and a Sobel test were used to investigate the mediating effects of trust and relationship satisfaction. Data were collected from 237 Food Franchisees in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province in order to test the theoretical model and its hypotheses. Two research methodologies are generally used in the distribution management field. For this study, an empirical method was used. Results - A causal analysis was carried out to test if the research model has a sufficient fit index (for instance, χ² = 46.694, df = 10, p = .000, GFI = 0.946, AGFI = 0.850, RMR = 0.034, NFI = 0.966, CFI = 0.973), and the results showed that the model was sufficient, thus demonstrating the suitability of the research model. Each hypothesis had a positive influence, both on long-term commitment and relationship satisfaction. Justice with the franchisor had a positive influence on trust. Relation satisfaction cognized by franchisees was found to positively influence long-term commitment. The franchisee perception of justice in relation to the franchisor had no significant influence on long-term commitment. The study investigated the hypothesis that trust could mediate justice and long-term commitment, and that relationship satisfaction could also mediate long-term commitment Both trust and relationship satisfaction were found to be important for long-term commitment. Specifically, trust sub-factors and justice sub-factors influenced long-term commitment. Identification-based and knowledge-based trust were more important than calculus-based trust. Distributive justice was deemed more important than procedural justice; distributive justice should thus be strengthened. Conclusions - Both franchisor and franchisee were independent businesses. Evidently however, the franchisor could not ensure profit without long-term commitment from the franchisee. As for the success of the franchise business, the franchisor should carry out appropriate strategies leading to a satisfactory relationship. For example, transparency makes it possible to maintain and enhance trust and to improve relationship satisfaction. Just relations between franchisor and franchisee should make it possible to maintain and enhance the franchisee's trust. The franchisor should provide a variety of information with respect to the franchisee's business success. Finally, in order to improve the franchisee's long-term commitment, the franchisor should ensure a just approach with trust and relationship satisfaction among their strategies.