• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2008

This paper investigates passengers' perceptions of the importance and satisfaction of airline service quality for improving the quality level of airline service. Importance-performance analysis(IPA) was utilized to analyze the gap between importance and performance of airline service qualify The result showed that passengers' perceptions of the importance and performance of airline service quality differed for Korean international air passengers. In particular, IPA analysis revealed that four attributes 'meal service', 'seating comfort', 'seat space and legroom', 'check-in service' were identified in the Concentrate Here quadrant-perceived to be important, yet perceived as being performed poorly. The airlines operating from/to the Republic of Korea should concentrate on the attributes included in this quadrant to improve the quality of airline service. On the basis of the IPA analysis, airlines should identify their strengths and weaknesses and draw up a plan to maximize their profits.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.185-203
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• 2024

This study empirically explores the influence of gamification elements and privacy concerns on users' intention to use fitness apps, based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). This research classifies gamification in fitness apps into three categories: achievement-related elements, social-related elements, and immersion-related elements. Although previous research investigated the gamification of fitness apps, few studies combined the impact of gamification with privacy concerns. Considering the significant amount of sensitive personal data collected by fitness apps, we recognize the importance of data privacy and aim to address this gap in research. To achieve this goal, we collected and analyzed data from 187 Korean fitness app users through an online questionnaire. The results confirm the highly significant influence of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and achievement-related gamification elements. Social-related gamification elements, immersion-related gamification elements, and privacy concerns however show insignificant results for the intention to use fitness apps in the Korean market. Location and time limit the generalizability of this study; however, the findings of this study nonetheless offer valuable insights for practitioners and developers to enhance the design and development of their applications.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.312-320
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of the school dietitian on superior agricultural products (SAP) and the status of using superior agricultural products in school meals. Questionnaires were distributed to 185 school dietitians after face to face interview, and a total of 181 responses were used for analysis. 82.3% of the respondents were using SAPs in school meals and there was a significant difference between elementary school (95.1%), middle school (76.8%) and high school (66.7%) dietitians (p < 0.001). 85.2% of the dietitians, who were using SAP, were purchasing SAPs through electronic bidding, and the main reason of not using SAPs was the higher price of SAPs than that of general agricultural products. The good agricultural practices (GAP) product was considered the most appropriate agricultural products for school meals by the majority of respondents (66.9%), and organic products was the next (13.3%). In addition, the most important selection criterion for a SAP perceived by school dietitians was safety (58.0%), and the main reason of using SAPs in school meals, when two choices were allowed, was 'to provide healthful food to children' (98.9%). The major barriers to using SAPs in school meals (two choices were allowed) were 'too expensive' (73.5%) and 'unstable supply' (32.6). In conclusion, it was suggested that there should be an improvement in SAP supply and management systems to increase the use of SAPs in school meals.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2015

This paper investigated Korean popular entertainment (K-entertainment, hereafter) tourism using theory of intention-behavior. Dividing the sample of international visitors to Seoul into the groups of "inclined actors", "inclined abstainers", and "disinclined abstainers," we examined the factors affecting such a division. The results showed that between the inclined actors and the inclined abstainers, there was no significant difference in the years of exposure to K-entertainment contents or the frequency of going to K-entertainment performance in the past. In contrast, the inclined actors were found to have a greater level of knowledge, ability, and cooperation compared to the inclined abstainers. In addition, we found that the K-entertainment performance in Korea was perceived as a substitute, rather than a complement to the performance held elsewhere in the world. Our findings suggest that interests in K-entertainment alone are not sufficient to drive the international visitors' intention to the action of attending K-entertainment performance during their visit to Korea. To this end, this study implies that it is necessary to design attractive tourism packages that include K-entertainment performance.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.326-342
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• 2013

Background: Engaging and Involving stakeholders who have different interests in changing health care policies are difficult task. As the literature on the governance in Korean health care field is rare, this study aims to provide empirical evidence of 'governing health policy'-the ways health care policy is made, implemented, and evaluated from a political perspective. Methods: The authors of this study conducted interviews with elites in policy and clinical areas, which was considered to be the most effective approach to gather in-depth information about the background of changing payment policy as well as the barriers or contributors for making the policy sustainable. A total of 14 experts (3 government officials, 2 representatives from medical profession, 3 professors form academic field, and 6 healthcare providers from New DRG pilot program hospitals) participated in 2 hour long interviews. Results: There was a perception gap of the feasibility and substantiality of new payment system among elites. The score was higher in government officers than those in scholars or clinical experts. Next, the interviewees indicated that Korean New DRG might not sustain without significant efforts to improving democratic aspects of the governance. It is also notable that all interviewees except healthcare providers provided negative expectation of the contribution of new payment system to increase administration efficiency. For clinical efficiency, every stakeholders perceived there was no increased efficiency after introduction of New DRG payment. Like general perception, there was a wide gap between the perception of stakeholders in quality change after implementing the new payment system. Finally, interview participants negatively assumed about the likelihood of New DRG to remain a case of successful reforms. Conclusion: This study implied the importance of social consensus and the governance of health policy.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.239-245
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• 2003

Millions people in the US suffer from foodborne illnesses each year. In the US, multiple government agencies work separately or together to ensure the nation's food safety for different audiences. FDA plays a key role in ensuring food safety in foodservice operations by providing the Food Code. School foodservice operations must follow the FDA guidelines on food safety and make sure that foods produced in school foodservice are safe. Despite the continuous efforts, school foodservice operations were responsible for numerous foodborne outbreaks. Currently, school foodservice operations serve younger children (<5 years) and children with medical conditions which make the food safety extremely important. There are many programs that foodservice operators can use to train and educate their employees. ServSafe$\^$ⓡ/tate or local food safety education programs, Serving It Safe, and HACCP workshop are common programs that can be used to train their staff. HACCP is a preventative program that can prevent foodborne illnesses before they occur. Although there are many benefits of utilizing HACCP and training programs, a majority school foodservice directors and managers still did not implement HACCP nor perceived their food safety training is adequate. Most reasons why not implementing HACCP program are lack of trained personnel, time, and financial resources in the school foodservice systems. The gap between what people know and what people do is another challenge identified as an obstacle food safety programs. Despite safe food sources in the US, continuous training is necessary to remove human errors and ensure food safety in the school foodservice systems. Future research is recommended to reduce gap between food safety knowledge and behavior. Foodservice operators and researchers may apply the systems developed in the US to their food systems.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-27
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• 2011

Introduction: Sales of private labels(PU have been growing m recent years. Globally, PLs have already achieved 20% share, although between 25 and 50% share in most of the European markets(AC. Nielson, 2005). These products are aimed to have comparable quality and prices as national brand(NB) products and have been continuously eroding manufacturer's national brand market share. Stores have also started introducing premium PLs that are of higher-quality and more reasonably priced compared to NBs. Worldwide, many retailers already have a multiple-tier private label architecture. Consumers as a consequence are now able to have a more diverse brand choice in store than ever before. Since premium PLs are priced higher than regular PLs and even, in some cases, above NBs, stores can expect to generate higher profits. Brand extensions and private label have been extensively studied in the marketing field. However, less attention has been paid to the private label extension. Therefore, this research focuses on private label extension using the Multi-Attribute Attitude Model(Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975). Especially there are few studies that consider the hierarchical effect of the PL's two parent brands: store brand and the original PL. We assume that the attitude toward each of the two parent brands affects the attitude towards the extended PL. The influence from each parent brand toward extended PL will vary according to the perceived fit between each parent brand and the extended PL. This research focuses on how these two parent brands act as reference points to one another in the consumers' choice consideration. Specifically we seek to understand how store image and attitude towards original PL affect consumer perceptions of extended premium PL. How consumers perceive extended premium PLs could provide strategic suggestions for retailer managers with specific suggestions on whether it is more effective: to position extended premium PL similarly or dissimilarly to original PL especially on the quality dimension and congruency with store image. There is an extensive body of research on branding and brand extensions (e.g. Aaker and Keller, 1990) and more recently on PLs(e.g. Kumar and Steenkamp, 2007). However there are no studies to date that look at the upgrading and influence of original PLs and attitude towards store on the premium PL extension. This research wishes to make a contribution to this gap using the perceived fit difference between parent brands and extended premium PL as the context. In order to meet the above objectives, we investigate which factors heighten consumers' positive attitude toward premium PL extension. Research Model and Hypotheses: When considering the attitude towards the premium PL extension, we expect four factors to have an influence: attitude towards store; attitude towards original PL; perceived congruity between the store image and the premium PL; perceived similarity between the original PL and the premium PL. We expect that all these factors have an influence on consumer attitude towards premium PL extension. Figure 1 gives the research model and hypotheses. Method: Data were collected by an intercept survey conducted on consumers at discount stores. 403 survey responses were attained (total 59.8% female, across all age ranges). Respondents were asked to respond to a series of Questions measured on 7 point likert-type scales. The survey consisted of Questions that measured: the trust towards store and the original PL; the satisfaction towards store and the original PL; the attitudes towards store, the original PL, and the extended premium PL; the perceived similarity of the original PL and the extended premium PL; the perceived congruity between the store image and the extended premium PL. Product images with specific explanations of the features of premium PL, regular PL and NB we reused as the stimuli for the Question response. We developed scales to measure the research constructs. Cronbach's alphaw as measured each construct with the reliability for all constructs exceeding the .70 standard(Nunnally, 1978). Results: To test the hypotheses, path analysis was conducted using LISREL 8.30. The path analysis for verification of the model produced satisfactory results. The validity index shows acceptable results(${\chi}^2=427.00$(P=0.00), GFI= .90, AGFI= .87, NFI= .91, RMSEA= .062, RMR= .047). With the increasing retailer use of premium PLBs, the intention of this research was to examine how consumers use original PL and store image as reference points as to the attitude towards premium PL extension. Results(see table 1 & 2) show that the attitude of each parent brand (attitudes toward store and original pL) influences the attitude towards extended PL and their perceived fit moderates these influences. Attitude toward the extended PL was influenced by the relative level of perceived fit. Discussion of results and future direction: These results suggest that the future strategy for the PL extension needs to consider that positive parent brand attitude is more strongly associated with the attitude toward PL extensions. Specifically, to improve attitude towards PL extension, building and maintaining positive attitude towards original PL is necessary. Positioning premium PL congruently to store image is also important for positive attitude. In order to improve this research, the following alternatives should also be considered. To improve the research model's predictive power, more diverse products should be included in study. Other attributes of product should also be included such as design, brand name since we only considered trust and satisfaction as factors to build consumer attitudes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.169-177
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• 1997

This study aims at empirically clarifying the relationship between power and the interpersonal conflict, including nurses' understanding of their relative power, the causes of interpersonal conflicts with the nurses, and strategies to resolve conflicts, in order to understand how nurses' relative power affect their conflicts. For the empirical survey, the population was defined as all the nurses working at a medical organization in Seoul, Korea. 1083 nurses were selected as the sample for the questionnaire survey and statistical analyses. For the sampling, 32 medical organizations were selected by a stratified random method and sub-samples were arbitrarily drawn from each organization to obtain the final sample of 1083 nurses who responded to the questionnaire designed by the reseacher. According to the result of the study, most nurses experience conflict more than once a month, and 70.4% of the respondents answered that interpersonal conflicts were directly or indirectly caused by power relations. which indicates that they perceive power relations as the main cause of interpersonal conflicts. Nurses experienced the most conflicts with interns and residents(29.7%), then patients and their families(24.3%), higher-positioned nurses(12.3%), nurse colleagues(7.7%), lower-positioned nurses(6.5%), and staff doctors(5.1%). If we classify these into three groups. the frequency of the conflicts, from most frequent to least. is in the order of doctors. nurses, and patients. In terms of relative power, nurses perceive that they have greater power than patients and their families, lower-positioned nurses, and nurse colleagues. In contrast, nurses perceive that they have less power than interns and residents, higher-positioned nurses. and staff doctors. Among these groups. nurses perceive that they have the most power over patients and the least over staff doctors. These results indicate that nurses tend to experience more conflicts with members of groups that are stronger than themselves in terms of relative power, Nurses use positive strategies such as the compromise strategy(32.3%) or the collaboration strategy (20.3%) to manage conflicts, more than other strategies. However, they use avoidance or competition strategy more at the earlier stage, compromise strategy more in the mid stage, and collaboration strategy more at the later stage of the interpersonal conflict. In relation to power, nurses use the collaboration strategy or the compromise strategy more when their perceived power is greater than or equal to their counterpart's, and they use the avoidance strategy or the accommodation strategy if their power is less. In terms of source of power, nurses' perceived relative power is greater in the order of referent power. expert power, reward power, legitimate power. and coercive power. where referent power is perceived as having the greatest power and coercive power is least. Most nurses(69.3%) used their power to resolve a conflict. with positive outcomes. Expert power was used most frequently. Overall. this study strongly indicates that the enhancement of power of nurses to have equal power relations with doctors would heighten the success of conflict resolution, since power is the main cause of conflicts. Specifcally. nurses experience most conflicts with doctors against whom they perceive the greatest gap in power. and the choice of a conflict management strategy depend upon their power relations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.270-286
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• 2017

Managing waiting experience is critical for providing service because waiting is an inevitable experience. We explored the factors which influence the waiting experience of the customers and the experience they face, in order to find out the meaning of waiting experience of the customer. As a result, we investigated a holistic sequence divided into four stages. When the customers wait for the service, perceived time would be increased by Zeigarnik effect. How long the customers feel when waiting is largely affected by a gap between waiting time and the perceived time, rather than the perceived time itself. Furthermore, the customers showed a tendency to have hard time immersing in the media due to considering others. Additionally, we could find that waiting time after giving an order is relatively more important than the waiting time before the order. Based on the results, the service provider should convey a feeling of completion by fitting the end point of the media to the point when the customer receives the service. In addition, high predictability needs to be offered for the customers in order to predict the exact waiting time. Finally, the customers should feel as if they take the initiative during waiting time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.636-644
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore practical intervention strategies by identifying the relationships among digital informatization capacity, level of digital informatization accessability and life satisfaction of disabled people and to determine differences among these relationships depending on perceived level of social support networks. The participants were 1,639 disabled people from the 2017 digital information gap survey and the results, based on structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis, are as follows. First, digital informatization capacity has a positive influence on the level of digital informatization accessability(β=.65), and life satisfaction(β=.08). The level of digital informatization accessability also has positive influence on life satisfaction(β=.44). Second, the analysis result of the mediated effects of digital informatization accessability level between digital informatization capacity and life satisfaction was significant at a level (β=.29) even greater than the direct effect of digital informatization capacity on life satisfaction. Third, digital information capacity and digital informatization accessability have an influence on life satisfaction regardless of their perceived level of social support. The findings suggest that creating online environments where disabled people can enjoy leisure, culture, and social interaction with high accessibility and utility are as important as providing education for improving their digital informatization capacity.