• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.193-208
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• 1994

This study investigated the causality of the children's self-perceived competence and related variables(age, sex, socio-demographic variables, family structure, the number of brother, home environmental process variables and peer group environmental variables.) The subjects of this study were 842 children at age five, seven, nine, eleven and thirteen attending kindergartens. elementary schools and junior high schools and their mothers in Seoul. This study employed children's self-perceived competence scales(The Pictorial scales for 5, 7, Qestionnaire for 9, 11, 13) home environment scales and peer group enviornment scales(the Pictorial scales for 5, 7 Qestionnaire for 9, 11, 13) Freqencies one way-ANOVA Pearson's Cronbach's αmultiple regression and path analysis were used for data-analysis. Major findings were as follows: 1. The results of the analysis of causal model showed that the variables that affected cognitive self-perceived competence directly were age, sex, parent's education economic status of the home the number of brother and peer's emotional support 2. The results of the analysis of causal model showed that the variables that affected social self-perceived competence directly were sex, economic status of the home, peer's emotional support and common activity. 3. The results of the analysis of causal model showed that the variables that affected physical self-perceived competence directly were age, sex, peer's emotional support and common activity.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence stress experienced by nursing students and to provide a perceived causal structure model among these variables. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop efficient guidance to clinical nursing education in this population. This study intends to apply perceived causal structure: network analysis method which was developed by Kelly(1983), and has been applied in nursing research. This method is selected to show dynamic relationship of stressor using network method. Data was collected from convenient sample of 186 junior college nursing students who had the clinical practice experience during 10 weeks. Data collection and analysis was conducted in 2 steps from December, 9, 2002 to February, 8, 2003. Step 1.: Data was collected using literature review(10 articles) to identify the causes of stress. Nine causes of stress were extracted. Step 2.: As perceived casual structure network study, data was collected using questionnaires which included 9 extracted cause and stress. The questionnaire contained a 10 X 10 grid table with 10 causes and effects printed. In network analysis, 'Yes' was scored as 1, 'No' was scored as 0, and the mean(maximum 1, minimum 0) was calculated. Construction of the network under inductive eliminative analysis which stopped the construction of the network when the consensual agreement level dropped near 50% was proceeded by adding causes in order of the mean rating level. In this study, construction of the final network was stopped by consensual agreement level of 52% of the total subjects. The results are summarized as follows : Step 1: Investigation of the causes of stress ; The extracted causes of stress from quality data was identified 9 categories ; negative nurse, lack of clinical practice opportunity, ambiguous role, negative patient, lack of nursing knowledge and skill, difficult of personal relations, inefficient clinical practice guidance, gap of theory and practice, lack of support. Step 2 : Construction of the perceived causal structure model ; 1) The most central cause of stress is ambiguous role in the systems of causation. 2) The distal cause of stress is inefficient clinical practice guidance 3) The causes that have a number of outgoing link are negative nurse, ambiguous role. 4) The causes that have a number of incoming link are ambiguous role, gap of theory- practice, lack of clinical practice opportunity, lack of nursing knowledge- skill. 5) There is a mutual relationship between stress and difficult of personal relations, stress and ambiguous role, ambiguous role and negative nurse, ambiguous role and lack of clinical practice opportunity, ambiguous role and lack of nursing knowledge-skill, lack of nursing knowledge-skill and gap of theory- practice. In conclusion, the network suggests that the first centre cause is related on ambiguous role and the second on negative nurse, inefficient clinical practice guidance in the systems of causation

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2005

Purpose: The purposes are to identify the factors that influence work-based stressor experienced by clinical nurses and to provide a perceived causal structural model among these factors. Method: Data was collected and analyzed in 2 steps to apply a perceived causal structure : network analysis which was developed by Kelley(1983). Results: 1. The extracted causes from qualitative data were identified 10 categories ; over loaded work, relative feelings of deprived, inefficient duty schedule, negative attitudes of patient, burden of extra affair, inadequate administrative support, negative attitudes of physician, conflict with other personnels in hospital, lack of professional knowledge and skill, nursing service marketing burden. 2. Construction of the perceived causal structural model ; 1) The most central cause is over loaded work and the distal causes were inadequate administrative support, lack of professional knowledge and skill in the systems of causation. 2) The causes that have a number of outgoing link were over loaded work, inadequate administrative support, negative attitudes of physician. 3) The cause that have a number of incoming link was relative feelings of deprived. Conclusion: The network suggests that the first centre cause was related on over loaded work.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.112-128
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• 1995

The information system control includes organizational structure, control mechanism, and management tools which contribute to accomplish the goals of information system: asset safeguarding, data integrity, effectiveness, and efficiency. Information system audit is the process to evaluate whether the information system accomplishs the goals. Information system auditor examine the reliability of information system control and suggest recommendations to improve the information system control. Both information system control and information system audit activities contribute to prevent and detect the computer crime for the organization. This paper proposes a causal model of information system control/audit and the perceived risk of computer crime, and tests the model using a survey on 38 financial institutions in Korea. Statistical results show that information system control and audit significantly reduce the computer crime risk perceived by the user group. The general control has a stronger impact than the application control. In addition, it turns out that the greater the deviation between the importance and the actual level of information system control is, the higher the perceived risk of computer crime is.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.83-105
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• 2015

This study has two objectives. First, it examines the relationship between organizational trust and error management culture. Second, it also examines the effect of social workers' perceived work value on the combined model by considering the unique characteristics of social work profession and social desirability. This study employs the stratified sampling method on social workers with more than two year work experiences in their current social service agencies that are located in Seoul and Kyungki province; finally it analyzes the responses from 564 social workers by using the method of multiple regression modeling. This study has the following results: (1) there is a causal relationship between social desirability and organizational trust perceived by social workers; (2) there is a positive causal relationship between social workers' perceived work value and organizational trust; and (3) there is also a positive causal relationship between factor structure of error management culture and organizational trust. This study discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the results.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.208-218
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• 2017

This study was to investigate factors and disclose causal model of the scientific literacy competency about the motivation for science and the scientific literacy competency. The 3 grade university students and the 1 grade university students as pre-service elementary teachers were participated to questionnaire investigation. The data were analyzed by the factor analysis method and the structural equation model method, and the following results were obtained. First, the 3 grade university students and the 1 grade university students perceived the science interest factors and science usefulness factors as the motivation for science, and also revealed the scientific problem recognition factor and the scientific evidence use factor as the scientific literacy competency. Second, the science interest factor had a greater effect on the scientific problem recognition factor than the scientific evidence use factor in both the 3 grade and 1 grade university students. In the path from the science usefulness factor to the scientific problem recognition factor, the science usefulness factor of the 3 grade university students had a greater influence on the direct route to the scientific problem recognition factor than that of the 1 grade university students. In the path from the science usefulness factor to the scientific evidence use factor, the science usefulness factor of the 1 grade university students influenced more on the direct route to the scientific evidence use factor than that of the 3 grade university students.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.95-110
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• 2020

Purpose This paper attempts to explain the recent expanding trend in Mobile Grocery Shopping(MGS). More specifically, the authors have applied the Post Acceptance Model(PAM) in order to examine the conceptual structure among the four constructs of 'Expectation Confirmation', 'Perceived Usefulness', 'User Satisfaction', and 'Continuance Intention to Use' in Mobile Grocery Shopping. Design/methodology/approach Through a survey agency, data were collected from a sample of 312 consumers who had the previous experience in Mobile Grocery Shopping. The Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) analysis was conducted with the survey data using AMOS 22.0. Subsequently, 8,200 real customer data from an open market site were collected in order to find out their revisit and repurchase behavior. Findings This study supported the causal relationships of Expectation Confirmation → Perceived Usefulness, Expectation Confirmation → User Satisfaction, Perceived Usefulness → User Satisfaction, and User Satisfaction → Continuance Intention to Use, but did not support the direct effect of Perceived Usefulness on the Continuance Intention to Use Mobile Grocery Shopping. This implies that consumers with any experience in Mobile Grocery Shopping would not consider repurchase, unless they are satisfied with the experience even though they perceive its usefulness. Also, Expectation Confirmation has much larger effect on User Satisfaction than Perceived Usefulness. In addition, the real customer data showed that the revisit and the repurchase rate of mobile grocery shoppers were higher than those of online grocery shoppers, although the rates of adding to shopping carts, coupon downloads, and adding to favorites are similar.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.129-138
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• 2016

Purpose - The ICT(information and communications technologies) development is affecting consumer behaviors on selecting channel or distribution system. This study aims to advance our knowledge about the factors influencing omni-channel behaviors. This study considers the positive brand experience as the moderating variable into the relationship between omini-channel use intention and consumer brand relation. Also, the effect of positive brand experience on consumer-brand relation is researched. Research design, data, and methodology - This study conducted an empirical test with the subject as customers who purchase goods or service through on-off cross channel simultaneously. The research model is developed from prior literatures about influencing variables on channel selection. The structure of this study is designed to identify causal relationships between the variables. 268 survey data from the questionnaire survey which is conducted to target customers who use online and offline channels, is used for empirical analysis. This study validates generality with descriptive statistics and data reliability with Cronbach's alpha value. The exploratory factor analysis is used for value purification. Then, the confirmatory factor analysis is conducted for structural equation modeling. Finally, the execute structural equation modeling is analyzed to confirm the hypotheses Results - First, the two causal influences between perceived performance risk and the propensity of omni-channel and between price consciousness and the propensity of omni-channel are verified through the empirical test. Second, the result identifies that the propensity of omni-channel is influenced on consumer-brand relationship. Third, the AMOS analysis proves that the moderating variable, positive brand experience, has significant positive impact on consumer-brand relationship. This significant relationship is highly supported by the regression analysis between brand experience and propensity of omni-channel because it results that positive brand experience has positive impact on the propensity of omni-channel. All hypotheses are verified to be true. Conclusions - Based on the empirical result, this study confirms that perceived performance risk and price consciousness are the important factors influencing propensity of omni-channel. According to the additional analysis, the moderating variable and positive brand experience plays important role between the propensity of omni-channel and consumer-brand relationship. Furthermore, positive brand experience influences more on consumer-brand relationship than non-positive brand experience.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.869-879
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the perceived exercise self-efficacy and exercise benefits/barriers of Korean adults with chronic diseases, and the relationship between the two variables. For the study, 249 Korean adults with chronic diseases with ages ranging from 18 to 79 years were recruited from hospitals or health centers in five Korean cities and surrounding rural areas. The research instruments were the scales that researchers psychometrically verified the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, developed by Bandura (1997), and the Exercise Benefits/ Barriers Scale, developed by Sechrist, Walker, and Pender(1987). Results of descriptive analysis showed that Korean adults with chronic diseases perceived relatively low exercise self-efficacy and relatively high exercise benefits/ barriers. Exercise self-efficacy was significantly correlated with gender, education, regular exercise, and exercise benefits/barriers was significantly correlated with gender, regular exercise. Pearson correlation coefficient showed the significant relationship between the two variables. Further researches, which are a study to evaluate a causal structure for Pender's Health Promotion Model and an intervention study to increase physical activity of chronic patients, are recommended.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.101-120
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• 2024

This study aimed to examine the effect of adolescents' perceived parental blame (criticism) on learned helplessness and to examine whether maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination sequentially mediate the relationship between parental blame and learned helplessness. The participants were 316 adolescents (Mean age=16.7, SD=0.75; 137 male, 179 female) attending grades 1st and 2nd in high school in South Korea. The participants were selected using a snowball sampling method, while the data was collected via an online self-report questionnaire. This survey was completed by the participants and analyzed using SPSS 28.0, Amos 26.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY), and PROCESS macro version 4.2 (Model 6; Hayes, 2022). The main results are summarized as follows. Firstly, the adolescents' perceived paternal and maternal blame indicated significant direct effects on learned helplessness. Secondly, rumination mediated the effect of paternal and maternal blame on learned helplessness. Lastly, paternal and maternal blame significantly affected learned helplessness through the sequential mediating effects of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination. This study elucidates the causal structure among the various factors influencing learned helplessness in adolescents, focusing on parental blame, maladaptive metacognitive beliefs, and rumination. Furthermore, considering the verified sequential mediating effects of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination in the relationship between adolescents' perceived parental blame and learned helplessness, these findings suggest that modifying maladaptive metacognitive beliefs may help to reduce learned helplessness among adolescents who perceive high levels of parental blame.