• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.1005-1014
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• 2009

Purpose:Epilepsy of child may cause high level of psychosocial difficulties for parents including stigmatization and stress and therefore worsen their quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mediating effect of perceived stigma against epilepsy on QOL among parents with epileptic child. Methods:Two hundred and sixty parents of epileptic child recruited from five separated university hospital child neurology clinics specializing in epilepsy completed a demographic questionnaire, a medical questionnaire, a perceived stigma questionnaire and the Ro's Quality of Life Inventory, a popular tool for evaluating QOL of adults in Korea which is composed of 6 domains and 47 questions. Data was analyzed with SPSS 14.0 program using frequency analysis and descriptive analysis and with AMOS 7.0 program using Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis. Results:The level of parents' QOL was relatively fair. SEM analysis on the quality of life level of parents showed that all variables (especially having religion, the monthly income, employment state, age of child, the leisure time, the perceived stigma level against epilepsy, and seizure frequency) directly affect the quality of life level of parents and that disease-related variables also affect the quality of life level of parents indirectly through the mediating factor (the perceived stigma), where the indirect effect is large with the existence of combined disabilities. The total effect on the quality of life level of parents is large with the existence of combined disabilities, the perceived stigma level, the leisure time, having religion, and the monthly income. Conclusion:The results of this study indicated that many factors including parents' perceived stigma may affect the quality of life of parents with epileptic children directly, and that some disease-related factors may affect indirectly through a mediating factor, the perceived stigma. Multidisciplinary collaboration would be imperative for their welfare.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.272-281
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify levels of perceived stigma, self-esteem, quality of life and factors influencing on quality of life in people with Hansens' disease. Methods: The subjects were 128 people in Sorokdo National Hospital, two nursing homes, and three settlements. The stigma scale, self-esteem scale, and World Health Organization's quality of life instrument were used. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires from July to August, 2010 and analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Ducan's multiple range test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression by SAS. Results: The level of perceived stigma was 3.93, self-esteem was 26.2, quality of life was 2.78. Self-esteem was positively associated with quality of life. Through the multiple regression, it was found that self-esteem and job were factors influencing of quality of life with 43% of predictability. Conclusion: It was found that self-esteem and job were important for people with Hansen's disease. To improve the quality of life in people with Hansen's disease, it is necessary to develop nursing interventions fostering self-esteem and decreasing perceived stigma.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.59-73
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the effect of self-esteem on perceived stigma in high school students toward people with disabilities. Methods: The participants in this study were 140 high school students from Gyeonggi Province. Data were collected during May 2013. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive by statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and simple regression analysis with the SPSS 19.0 program. Results: The major findings of this study are as follows: There was a significant relationship between stigma toward people with disabilities and self-esteem among the high school students (r=-.205, p=.015). There was also a significant relationship between relationships with friends (r=.291, p<.001), health statement (r=.400, p<.001) and self-esteem among the high school students. Self-esteem explained 3.5% of the variance in high school students' stigma toward people with disabilities (F=6.041, p=.015). Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest a need to develop education to increase self-esteem as a strategy to decrease high school students' stigma toward people with disabilities. Also, findings of this study suggest the need for repeated study on the relationship between self-esteem and stigma toward people with disabilities among adults.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.164-174
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the rural elderly suicide literacy level upon suicide stigma and coping advice with suicidal crises (recommending professional help for a suicidal person). In particular, this study investigates the role of cultural norms (perceived social expectations for the experience of negative emotions) on suicide stigma and coping ability. Methods: A survey was conducted addressing elderly people (N=119) living in rural areas. Regression analysis using SPSS PROCESS macro was used to examine the relationships among the key variables. Results: Participants with higher suicide literacy showed lower suicide stigma, and this perception had a significant effect on enhancing their coping advice with suicidal crises. Also, perceived social expectations significantly influenced the relationship between suicide stigma and coping advice. With lower levels of social expectations, the mediating effect of suicide stigma on the relationship between suicide literacy and recommending professional help did not exist whereas the indirect effect was significant when it pertained to high levels of social expectations. Conclusion: This result signifies that suicide stigma serves as a barrier deterring Koreans from reaching out for professional help regarding their mental health. Moreover, these findings underscore the importance of cultural psychological factors such as perceived social expectations in terms of developing suicide prevention strategies.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2021

Purpose: This descriptive study investigated the effects of self-efficacy and self-stigma on self-care in people with diabetes. Methods: The study included a total of 377 patients with diabetes enrolled in university hospitals in D city and public health centers in S city. Data were collected from 1 July to 31 August, 2017, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Diabetes self-care was positively correlated with diabetes self-efficacy, whereas it was negatively correlated with diabetes self-stigma. Participants' education level, marital status, perceived health status, type of medication, self-efficacy, and self-stigma explained 42.4% of the variance in diabetes self-care. Conclusion: The findings indicate that diabetes self-efficacy and self-stigma are important factors for improving self-care in patients with diabetes. Therefore, systematic programs for enhancing self-efficacy and reducing self-stigma of these individuals should be developed.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.309-328
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop a perceived elderly stigma scale for intergenerational research and practice. Although negative stereotypes on elderly population have worsened physical and psychological health of older people, there has been a lack of systematic efforts to measure and monitor stigmatic perception and behavior of younger generation on elderly people. We initially constructed a 34-item perceived elderly stigma scale, by integrating the processes of literature review and exploratory item generation. After confirming the face validity of the scale, a 31-item perceived elderly stigma scale was tested with 252 adults recruited from an online research panel. The result of an exploratory factor analysis suggests a 5-factor solution with 28 items: ability, personality, appearance, authoritarian dependancy, and family-obsession. The convergent/discriminant validity was confirmed by examining its relationships with ageism, elderly discrimination, attitude toward elderly, and respect for elderly. After a series of refinement and empirical tests, the perceived elderly stigma scale would contribute to understanding the current state of elderly discrimination in our society and to develop necessary policies and promotion strategies to eliminate intergenerational conflicts.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.345-355
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• 2015

This article attempted to find out the moderating effects of social support in the relationship between perceived stigma, depression of student with disabilities(SWD) and their adjustment of campus life. For the purpose of the reason the data were collected from 108 SWD from questionaries in Busan city and Kyungnam province. The results were as follows. It was revealed that the factors, grade and gender, had significant difference in the level of adjusting campus life of SWD. Perceived stigma and depression of SWD had positive impact on the adjustment of campus life. Social support of SWD also had positive impact on the adjustment of campus life. This study demonstrated that social support of SWD had moderating effect in the relationship between perceived stigma, depression of SWD and their adjustment of campus life. This study verified that for the purpose of improving the adjusting level in college life of SWD, it was as important to make social support to be delivered at SWD as decreasing the perceived stigma and depression of SWD. Finally, the authors suggested some direction to solve the problem related this study question and remarked the limitation of this study.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.381-417
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• 2011

The primary goal of this study is to examine the factors that affect how satisfied sexual minorities are with their lives. This study focuses on how sexual minorities perceive social stigma, the social influences involved in its perception, and the effects this perception has. Using stress-coping theory, this study looks at how social stigma, as a perceived stress, affects social support and self-esteem, how the stigma influences the degree to which individuals "come out" in an effort to cope, and the resultant effects of this coping mechanism on life satisfaction. The data used if from a sample of 478 individuals who self identify as gay, lesbian or bisexual. It was collected through an online survey. Using SEM, the quality was evaluated by analyzing the measurement model, and the relationship of the variables included in the theoretical model was verified by analyzing the structural model. The results of this study show that social stigma directly affects the life satisfaction of Korean sexual minorities. It significantly influences the social support they receive(from family and sexual minority peers), and their self-esteem. The degree to which the individual "comes out" is shown to affect life satisfaction as well. In contrast, the mediating effect of heterosexual support is shown to be insignificant. Based on the analyses, practical strategies regarding social stigma, social support, self-esteem, and "coming out" are suggested for sexual minorities. The social stigma should be reduced and society-scaled campaigns promoted in order to improve their level of life satisfaction. In addition, institutional protection should be developed and specialized educational courses on human rights provided which will empower these minorities with self-help mechanisms. Furthermore, issues such as establishing support system and providing a social welfare system for the sexual minority community are discussed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.196-206
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify health belief, subjective norms, social stigma, and sense of community affecting COVID-19 preventive behaviors among college students, and provide basic data for the development of preventive programs to improve COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study design. The study recruited a total of 170 college students, through an online survey from three online communities which are mostly used by college students. Data were collected from July 24 to August 9, 2021. The SPSS 21.0 program was used to analyze the data using simple multiple regression. Results: In simple multiple regression, the perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits and subjective norms were found to have a significant association with COVID-19 preventive behaviors of college students. These variables explained the 55.1% variance in COVID-19 preventive behaviors of college students (p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and subjective norms were significant factors affecting COVID-19 preventive behaviors of college students. Based on the results of this study, it is expected to develop COVID-19 preventive programs and strategies that increase perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and subjective norms to improve the COVID-19 preventive behaviors of college students.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.288-296
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify factors influencing pulmonary tuberculosis patients' self-care behaviors. Methods: The patients were 125 adults over the age of 19 who were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, receiving care at the National tuberculosis hospital. The survey questions measured family support, multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), stigma and self-care behaviors. Results: The average score for self-care behaviors was 3.91, ranging from 2.22 to 5.00. There was a significant positive correlation between self-care behaviors and support system. There was a significant negative correlation between self-care behaviors and stigma. The significant variables influencing self-care behaviors were family support (β = .33, P< .001), smoking (β= -.23, p= .002), age (β= .22, p= .005) and experience of stopping treatment (β= -.17, p= .040). These factors explain 36% of pulmonary tuberculosis patients' self-care behaviors. Conclusion: Family support is very important to improve selfcare for tuberculosis patients. However, those in their fifties, men, and those who do not have a job and have underlying diseases have low family support, so they need active support at the national level. The study results suggest that a educational and nursing programs must be designed to reduce stigma and promote support system in order to enhance self-care behaviors.