• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.159-175
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to find out the psychological distance through semantic app-roach perceived by adolescent child in the subtypes of 'Extrem Family' dysfunctional families by classification of Olson and his associates ' Circrumplex Model. The subjects of this research were 1072 abolescents living in Seoul. Korea The survey methods were questionnaires including FACES II and The Psychological Distance Scale. Data were analyzed by means of the statistics of frequency percentage arithematic mean standard devia-tion crosstabs and one way-anova. The major findings are as follows: 1) The levels of family cohesion family adaptibility and the psychologival distances with father mother and siblings perceived by adolescent were high. 2) The most of subject's families belonged to 'Balanced Family' in the types of family system ' Extreme Family' type showed the lowest frequency and the main subtypes of it that had the highest frequency were 'Enmeshed Chaotic Family' ' Disengaged Rigid Family' 3) While adolescents of 'Enmeshed Chaotic Family' perceived most closely with other family members. those of 'Disengated Rigid Family' most distantly totally and in evaluation potency and activity three subfactors in psychological distance. 4) There were differences of unit points in subfactors of psychological distances with other family members perceived by adolescents according to the types of family system. While the points of 'Enmeshed Chaotic Family' were the highest those of 'Disengaged Rigid Family' were the lowest. 5) While 'Enmeshed Chaotic Family' were located most closely 'Disengaged Rigid Family' were located most distantly in the mutual distances and direct distances among family concepts on semantic space.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.99-106
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of perceived risk and psychological distance on purchase intention when purchasing a gift. It focuses on social distances and temporal distances, and aims to identify the interactions between these psychological distances and perceived risk. Data were collected through experiments. Research design, data and methodology: The experiment was carried out through the design of 2 (perceived risk: high/low) × 2 (social distance: far / near) × 2 (temporal distance: far / near) between-subjects design. Participants were 241 undergraduates from two universities in Chungnam and Gangwon, and randomly assigned to one of eight groups. Results: It was confirmed that there is a difference in purchase intention according to the risk perceived by consumers when purchasing a gift. In particular, the difference in purchase intention based on the risk perceived by the buyer was found to be greater as the social distance between the gift giver and the recipient is shorter. In addition, it was confirmed that the intention to purchase a gift was simultaneously influenced by three factors: social distance, perceived risk, and time remaining to purchase a gift. In other words, when both temporal distance and social distance were short, the difference in purchase intention according to perceived risk was greatest. Conclusions: The purpose of this study was to examine how the relationship between perceived risk and purchase intention when purchasing a gift varies with psychological distance. This study found that the closer the relationship between the gift purchaser and the beneficiary and the shorter the time remaining before the gift purchase, the greater the difference in the willingness to purchase due to the perceptual risk. In practice, the results of this study can be used to establish sales promotion strategies for various gift products. Above all, the closer the relationship between the gift buyer and the person receiving the gift, the more differentially there should be a guarantee program that can reduce or eliminate the risk perceived by the buyer. There is also a need to use step-by-step product recommendation programs that can reduce perceptual risk depending on the time remaining until a particular season, such as graduation or Christmas.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.283-293
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of psychological distances on the consumer attitudes related to new product advertising based on the construal level theory. In particular, this study intends to test the interaction effects among models' nationalities, the newness of new products and message types on the Chinese consumer attitudes toward the advertisements or products. Perceived cultural distances were also considered to have moderating role on the interaction effects. The results indicated that the fits of psychological distances led more positive attitudes. Consumers showed more positive attitudes toward abstract(vs concrete) advertising with foreign models. In the domestic model advertising, consumer attitudes were enhanced when concrete(vs abstract) messages were provided. The findings also demonstrate that the influences could be different according to perceived cultural distances.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2012

Although the educational institutions of computers have evolved to train students in pace with the changes of computing, many students still believe that computer programming is hard to be mastered. The reluctance of students toward programming languages have been tied to the decrease of computer-related majors and now many countries are in short of computer programmers. By investigating the similarities among eleven popular programming languages, this research is intended to measure the relative distances and understand the dimensions that scattered the languages.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2022

IThe perception of sub-second duration through the visual sensory system is affected by non-temporal characteristics (factors other than the duration of the stimulus). However, studies have shown that if distance information is abundant and size constancy maintained, the duration of the target is constantly perceived. The current study examined the relationship between size and time perception constancy in a three-dimensional environment with limited distance information. A device was constructed to limit the participants' bilateral and monocular cues. This prevented participants from maintaining size constancy, resulting in size illusions that could not accurately perceive physical size. In Experiment 1, the size of the physical stimulus of reference and test stimuli were the same at all viewing distances. The results suggest that, despite the same physical size, stimuli with close observations were perceived to be greater and lasted longer. In Experiment 2, the retinal size of the reference stimuli and test stimuli was controlled equally at all viewing distances. As a result, although the physical size of the stimuli increased as the observation increased, the perceived size of all the stimuli was the same. Therefore, the duration of the target was constantly perceived at all viewing distances. The results of this study demonstrate that even when distance information is limited, time perception is affected by the perceived size of the object. It also suggests that when rich distance information exists, the duration of the object can be constantly perceived even if the observation distance varies.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.20-33
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• 2021

Purpose - The growth in consumers' online shopping has even been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. While the purchase can be made from any countries online, the purpose is to examine the effect of the country of the online retailer (COOR) on consumers' perceived risk and purchase motivation, focusing on the retailer not on the brand. Design/methodology - Survey data from online shoppers are analized using the structural equation model. Findings - COOR, like COO of the brand manufacturer, positively affect consumer's purchase intension. First, the images and the perceived psychic distances of the COOR affects both perceived risk and purchase confidence. Secondly, this perceived risk and confidence they put on the transaction then affect the purchase intension of the consumer. Originality/value - We show that the quality of the signal comes not only from the manufacturer-branded product item itself with a certain COO, but also from the retailer who carries it.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3E
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• pp.33-39
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• 2000

This study investigated whether the adjacency principle. demonstrated in a perceived visual space, can be applied to auditory space. In order to demonstrate an auditory adjacency principle, multiple sound sources were varied in direction and distance in an acoustically absorbant space. Specifically, a NEAR sound source was located 10° to the left of the listener's midline at a distance of 2 meters; a FAR sound source was located 10° to the right at a distance of 5 meters. These sources served as perceptual reference points with respect to the localization of three test sounds, all at a distance of 3 meters. Two of three test sounds were directionally closer to the NEAR and FAR reference sounds, respectively. The other was between the reference sources directionally. The listener was asked to judge the perceived distances and the loudness of the three test sounds and the two reference sounds. The results indicated that the apparent distances of the test sounds were most determined by the disparity of distance between each test sound and the reference sound most directionally adjacent to it. Therefore, the findings offer evidence that the adjacency principle can be applied to the auditory space.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 2016

The recent development of the HD (High Definition) and UHD (Ultra High Definition) technology allowed the growth of 3D contents market. Yet the majority of the 3D contents in the market are strictly for 6.5 cm inter-ocular distance, causing various visual discomforts for the viewers who have different inter-ocular distance. Moreover, because the 3D contents are created for a fixed viewing distance, the change of the viewing distances when watching 3D contents can also cause visual conflicts. To solve this problem, we devised techniques that consider the environmental information of the viewer watching 3D contents. By analyzing the relationship between viewing distance, inter-ocular distance, and perceived depth, we created an adaptive content viewing system that reflects the viewer's environment to minimize any conflicts in watching 3D contents. From our experiments, we found that the performance of our adaptive content viewing system was reasonable.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.35-39
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• 2015

Auditory and visual stimuli presented in the peripheral visual field were perceived as spatially coincident when the auditory stimulus was presented five to seven degrees outwards from the direction of the visual stimulus. Furthermore, judgments of the perceived distance between auditory and visual stimuli presented in the periphery did not increase when an auditory stimulus was presented in the peripheral side of the visual stimulus. As to the origin of this phenomenon, there would seem to be two possibilities. One is that the participants could not perceptually distinguish the distance on the peripheral side because of the limitation of accuracy perception. The other is that the participants could distinguish the distances, but could not evaluate them because of the insufficient experimental setup of auditory stimuli. In order to confirm which of these two alternative explanations is valid, we conducted an experiment similar to that of our previous study using a sufficient number of loudspeakers for the presentation of auditory stimuli. Results revealed that judgments of perceived distance increased on the peripheral side. This indicates that we can perceive discrimination between audio and visual stimuli on the peripheral side.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.287-301
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the same vowel sounds are perceived differently by the two local dialect speakers, Seoul dialect speakers (SDS) and Kyungnam dialect speakers (KDS), whose vowel systems differ each other. In the first experiment SDS and KDS heard vowels synthesized in vowel space with F1 by F2 and categorized them into one of 10 Korean monophthongs. The results showed that SDS and KDS perceived the synthesized vowels differently. For example, /$\varepsilon$ versus /e/ contrast, ${\o}$/, and /y/ are differentiated by SDS, whereas they are perceptually confused by KDS. We also observed that /i/ could not be perceived unless the vowel synthesis included F3 or higher formants. In the second experiment SDS and KDS performed the similarity rating task of 10 synthesized Korean monophthongs. Two-dimensional MDS solution based on the similarity rating scores was obtained for each dialect group. The first dimension can be named 'vowel advancement' and the second 'vowel height'. The comparison of the two MDS solutions showed that the overall psychological distances among the vowels are shorter in KDS than SDS and that especially the distance between /$\Lambda$/ and /i/ is shorter in KDS than SDS. The result suggested that perception or mental representation of vowels depends on the vowel system of the listener's dialect or language. Further research problems were discussed in the final section.