• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2000

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-30
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• 2015

The covenant of Mayors initiative includes the commitment of the municipalities-signatories to reduce voluntarily the greenhouse gas emissions over 20--- by 2020 within their boundaries and obligates them to develop and submit an energy consumption analysis and a sustainable energy action plan within a year from the adhesion. The present paper discusses the energy profile of three medium-sized north-eastern Greek Municipalities (Kavala-MoK, Alexandroupolis-MoA, Drama-MoD) through the analysis of their municipal energy balance. The results of the total final energy consumption per capita include 14.10MWh/capita, 14.24MWh/capita and 12.91MWh/capita for MoK, MoA and MoD respectively. The analysis highlighted the increased energy consumption of the private sectors, namely residential and tertiary building sand private transport. The assessment of the municipalities' energy profiles along with examination of national regulations and action plans and investigation of best available practices within the Covenant of Mayors shaped the development of the sustainable energy action plans of the examined municipalities that is presented in this paper. The proposed pathway towards low-carbon municipalities can be considered a representative case study and a starting point for other municipalities with similar characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.226-240
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to establish a proper evaluation system for R&D performance by analyzing relationships between quantitative results of science& technology and national wealth. We analyzed 193,474 research papers in multi-disciplinary fields from SCOPUS database and explored co-relations between HCP production by section and national wealth. This research found a significant relationship between the number of HCP papers and GDP & GDP per capita by nation. Also, results from this study indicate that top 30 to 40 percent of researches should be reflected in the performance evaluation while these numbers could be flexible in accordance with the direction of national policy. In terms of future research, this study provides basis for designing more effective R&D performance evaluation systems.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.376-385
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to establish the basis of cash wages calculation of the extra cost for the local characteristics by analyzing the local differences of the extra costs of households with the disabled. It was analyzed by comparing the average population by combining the '2011 Survey on disability' and the '2011 municipal budget with disabilities' to analyze the local difference of the extra costs. The highest region of the extra costs was Incheon, and the highest region of the extra cost preservation was Seoul. The highest region of the disabled budget rate was Daejeon, and the highest region of the disabled per capita budget was Jeju. According to a independent two sample t-test, the disabled budget rate and per capita budget of the highest regions of the extra cost preservation were higher than the lowest regions of the extra cost preservation. With policy proposals first, the increase in cash wages of the extra cost for the local characteristics second, the increase the disabled budget and per capita budget of the local governments third, the plan for a decrease of the extra costs according to the extra cost items of local.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.65-76
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• 2014

This paper analyzes whether local public expenditures have converged during the 1985-2011 periods in Korea, using the sixteen metropolitan and provincial governments data. We analyze the convergence of per capita real local public expenditures in terms of both static view and dynamic view of convergence. Furthermore, we derive the estimating equation for per capita real local government expenditure growth function from theoretical model based on Skidmore et al.(2004)[23]. The main results from empirical analyses are such that an increase in aged people helped local government expenditures increase. Also, we found that the convergence speed of economic expenditure is greater than that of social welfare expenditure. Similarly the convergence speed of public capital expenditure is greater than that of public consumption expenditure. In the future we had better examine the convergence of local public goods taking into account their congestion rates.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.55-71
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• 2012

This paper attempts to estimate the energy price elasticity of per capita $CO_2$ emissions, which helps to understand the influence of recent energy price increase on the natural reduction of $CO_2$ emissions. For this purpose, this study researched panel data of twenty-nine OECD countries from 1978 to 2009 and adopted estimation models for testing the environmental Kuznets hypothesis. Estimation results show that the 1% increase of energy price index will cause a statistically significant decrease of per capita $CO_2$ emissions by 0.26 ~ 0.31%, which is substantial enough for policy consideration. Also Kuznet curves in estimation models were identifed, the turning points of income lie between 22.2~48.5 thousand US dollars, depending on model specifications.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.97-122
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• 2013

The ARDL(Autoregressive Distributed Lag) method is employed analyzes the long-run equilibrium relationships among environmental pollution($CO_2$ emissions) per capita, income levels per capita, and energy consumption per capita. The error correction model is employed to analyze the short-term effects of income and energy consumption on $CO_2$ emissions. The Toda-Yammamoto method is employed for causal analysis among the three variables. The results show that income levels, energy consumption, and $CO_2$ emissions are cointegrated. We found the N type relationship between income and $CO_2$ emissions. Long-term elasticities of income and energy consumption with respect to $CO_2$ emission were greater than their short-term elasticities. There were a bilateral causality between energy consumption and $CO_2$ emissions. There was a unilateral causality from $CO_2$ emissions to income and from energy consumption to income not vice versa. Energy consumption can be an important variable to contribute to forecasting $CO_2$ emissions.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.299-315
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the recycling activity of solid waste. Three study area were selected, which were Dobonggu in Seoul, Siheung City and Kimpogun. The amount of recycled out of the solid waste generated was between 0.02 kg per capita/day -0.10 kg per capita/day. The recovery rate of the waste paper was 42.7%, which was the highest, followed by glass bottles, cans and plastics. The waste paper was the most important item concerning its weight percentage and amount of sales. It comprised more than 60% in its weight and sales amount out of the total recycled item. Glass bottles placed the second. Amount of sale for the recycled item was less than 5 Won per capita/day, this is very low. The Recycling Drive Association, a private organization was mainly organized by public administrational basis and its activity was simply concentrated on the reclassification of the collected recyclables. Generally, citizen's participation and the member's satisifaction was low since there was no economic incentives. In this paper, some strategies were suggested and evaluated to increase citizen's recycling activity.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.617-642
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• 2011

The purpose of our study is to analyze the determinants of the benefits of the long-term care insurance in Korea using 2008 and 2009 cross-sectional data. Per capita long-term care insurance benefits can be divided into home care services utilization rate, institutional care services utilization rate, per capita home care services benefits, and per capita institutional care services benefits, which are used as the dependent variables in our regression analysis. Admission rate and the ratio of the admitted to the applicant also used as the dependent variables. The results of our analysis show that the explanatory variables such as income level, needs for care, family type, access to the services, and regional characteristics are statistically significant to explain the dependent variables, the long-term care insurance benefits. The higher is the regional income and the more of the female residents, the more are the long-term care insurance benefits. The easier is the access to the services, the more are the insurance benefits. In the rural area, the level of the insurance benefits is relatively high. We propose that copayment rates of the long-term care insurance should be examined and monitoring on the over-use of the services should be done. Also preventive services and care by the family member should be expanded.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2019

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of financial development and foreign remittances on poverty and income inequality in the context of Pakistan. The study used ARDL-Bounds testing approach for robust inferences. The results show that in the short-run, remittances increases poverty and income inequality, which further translated into its long-run impact. The result confirmed the inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita income and income inequality, while the second order coefficient of per capita income substantially decline poverty incidence in a country. In the long-run, the results disappeared and it's turned into U-shaped relationship between income inequality and country's per capita income. Education largely decreases income inequality both in the short and long-run, however, it increases poverty in the long-run. Unemployment rate substantially damaged the pro-poor growth scenario, as high unemployment rate increases both the poverty rates and income inequality, which suffered poor more than non-poor in a country. Financial development has a positive impact on poverty reduction and income inequality in the short-run. The impact of income inequality on poverty incidence is positive both in the short- and long-run, which need pro-poor growth policies and rationale income distribution in a country.