• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 1995

The purpose of this artic1e is to compare soft tissue profiles between Korean adults with normal occ1usion and malocclusin and to identify the differences between them. The subjects of this cephalometric study were 40 males with normal occlusion(Group 1), 27 females with normal occlusion(Group 2), 28 adults with Angle's Class II malocclusion(Group 3) and 41 adults with Angle's Class III malocclusion(Group 4). The results of this study were as follows ; 1) People with Angle's Class II malocclusion had tendency to have more labial tipping of lower teeth than people with normal occ1usion. Through NOA angle measurement, it was determined that people with Angle's Class II malocclusion had more protruding midface than people with normal occlusion and people with Angle's Class III malocclusion had retruding midface. 2) Through Powell's esthetic triangle analysis, it was determined that people with Angle's Class II malocclusion had retruding chin and protruding nose. 3) No significant differences between people with normal occlusion and maloclusion could be identified by measuring soft tissue profile angle basis of S-NS plane. 4) There were significant differences between groups with normal occlusion and malocclusion by measuring Facial convexity angle(Significance level 99%). 5) By measuring the distance between each landmark basis of N-Pog plane, People with Angle's Class II malocclusion were identified as having more protruding midface, but there were no significant differences between people with normal occlusion and Angle's Class III malocclusion. 6) By measuring the vertical dimension of the face, it was determined that the lower facial height was higher than the upper facial height in all groups, particularly in group with Angle's Class III malocclusion. 7) By measuring the lips basis of E-line and S-line, it was determined that people with Angle's Class III malocclusion had more, protruding lower lips than people with normal occlusion, while people with normal occlusion, while people with Angle's Class II malocclusion had more protruding upper lips. By measuring the distance between the superior sulcus and inferior sulcus basis of H-line, people with Angle's Class II malocclusion had thicker upper lips than the other's.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2007

Pressure-induced decubitus is a serious disease among the elderly people. Interface pressure occluding vascular perfusion is known to be a cause of decubitus. Therefore, it is essential to quantify the relationship between vascular perfusion and interface pressure among the elderly people to understand more about decubitus. Nine healthy elderly people (57.8$\pm$ 5.6 years, 63.3$\pm$ 7.0kg, 1.68$\pm$ 0.05m) were participated. Three healthy young people (31.7$\pm$ 3.2 years, 74.7$\pm$ 8.4kg, 1.75$\pm$ 0.04m) were also examined to be compared with the elderly group. Capillary vascular perfusion on the ischial tuberosity was recorded in the sitting posture as pressures were applied from 15mmHg to 135mmHg. The average interface pressure to occlude vascular perfusion (the average occlusion pressure) under the ischial tuberosity was 115.7mmHg in the elderly group. This value was not significantly different from the average occlusion pressure of the young group. Obesity effect on the occlusion pressure was investigated among the elderly group. The result was not significantly different between the obesity and the normal group in this study. This is a preliminary study to unveil the complicated cause of pressure-induced decubitus associated with occlusion of vascular perfusion. More subjects are required for the future study.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.298-304
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• 2021

Currently, to prevent the spread of COVID-19 virus infection, gathering of more than 5 people in the same space is prohibited. The purpose of this paper is to measure the distance between objects using the Yolov5 model for processing real-time images with OpenCV in order to restrict the distance between several people in the same space. Also, Utilize Euclidean distance calculation method in DeepSORT and OpenCV to minimize occlusion. In this paper, to detect the distance between people, using the open-source COCO dataset is used for learning. The technique used here is using the YoloV5 model to measure the distance, utilizing DeepSORT and Euclidean techniques to minimize occlusion, and the method of expressing through visualization with OpenCV to measure the distance between objects is used. Because of this paper, the proposed distance measurement method showed good results for an image with perspective taken from a higher position than the object in order to calculate the distance between objects by calculating the y-axis of the image.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2020

컴퓨터 그래픽스 기술의 발달과 정보통신 기술의 발달로 증강현실 기술의 많은 발전이 이루어졌다. 하지만 가상의 공간과 실제의 공간이 매칭이 된 이미지를 보면 아직 현실감은 다소 떨어진다. 본 연구에서는 문제의 원인을 가상의 오브젝트가 실제 공간에서의 깊이 감을 고려하지 않고 형성되어 공간감을 파괴시키는 문제와 마커에 의존한 인식 기술의 한계성 두 가지로 설정하고 해결하였다. 공간감은 사람의 신체와 가상의 오브젝트 사이의 위계질서를 형성함으로써, 마커 기술의 한계성은 시간 지연과 카메라 움직임에 따라 마커의 위치를 역으로 추적하는 방식으로 문제를 해결하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

Statement of problems: The concept of CR has also changed continuously.?In order to find out the factors that affect the centric slide, studies were carried out to compare the forms of wisdom teeth eruption, lateral movement, premature contact in CR, and anterior movement. Research and statistical methods were based on the report by the 1980 Korean dental association. Material and method: In our study, 403 dentists in their twenties and dentistry students who could understand CR and CO (and who did not receive occlusal, orthodontic treatment, without extreme caries and large prosthodontic care) were compared with the 25 year old results. A segment of line parallel to the upper incisor was marked on the lower incisor. When seen laterally, a line perpendicular to the occlusal plane was drawn on the foremost area of the upper incisor. This line was extended to the lower incisor and the two points (points at the lower and upper incisors) were used as reference points for the CO. After guiding the occlusion to the CR, two lines were marked by using the same method that was used for the CO. The point in which these lines meet became the reference point of CR occlusion Results and conclusions: Results of the experiment completed in 1980 show that all 307 research members had anterior-posterior and upper-lower displacement. Displacement measurements were $0.7{\pm}0.4mm$ for the anterior-posterior displacement, $0.99{\pm}0.50mm$ for the upper-lower displacement,0.18{\pm}0.31 mm for the lateral displacement, and $1.32{\pm}0.67mm$ for the total displacement. Results of the 2006 experiment show that all 409 research members had anterior-posterior and upper-lower displacement. The anterior-posterior displacement was $1.12{\pm}0.86mm$, the upper-lower displacement was $1.02{\pm}0.71mm$, the lateral displacement was $0.61{\pm}0.56mm$, and the total displacement was $1.80{\pm}0.99mm$. No specific differences were found between each group when comparing displacement according to the forms of wisdom teeth eruption. Since 1980, the percentage of unerupted teeth has increased from 35.16% (111/307 people) to 57.5% (236/409 people). Westernization of the Korean cranial form and intraoral structure has brought about these results. In our experiment, 26.7% (109/409 people) of the subjects were cuspid guided, while 7.3% (30/409 people) were mutually guided. No specific differences were found in the amount of displacement between the two groups. Only the subjects with anteriors coming in contact made up the largest percentage group (42.3%, 173/409 people) in our study. No specific differences were found between each group.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2019

서론: 최근 노년층에서 뇌졸중 발병률이 증가하고 있다. 현재 뇌졸중 치료제 및 방법이 많이 개발되어 있으나 치료 후에도 후유증 등이 많이 남게 된다. 그래서 아직도 많은 과학자나 임상 의사들이 이를 치료하기 위한 약물 및 방법을 연구하고 있는 실정이다. 많은 연구 중 뇌졸중 치료 연구를 위한 표준화된 실험 동물연구는 드물며, 표준화된 Nylon thread를 이용한 중대뇌동맥 폐쇄모델(MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion)의 성공률에 대한 연구는 거의 없다 방법: 본연구는 $0.18{\pm}0.02mm$의 지름을 가진 5-0 Nylon thread를 중대뇌동맥에 삽입하였다. 60분 동안 삽입한 후에 봉합해 놓았던 부위를 다시 절개하여 Nylon thread를 빼내고, 막았던 혈관의 매듭을 풀어주어, 다시 혈액이 공급되게 하였다. 그로부터 23시간 후에 뇌를 내어 1mm 두께로 자른 후 1.5% TTC(2',3',5'-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride)로 15분간 염색하고, 4% PFA(paraformaldehyde)로 15분 동안 고정하였다. 결과: Nylon thread를 삽입하여, MCA occlusion 50마리, ICA occlusion 14마리, 제대로 된 MCAO model보다 좀 더 깊게 들어간 distal MCAO model 36마리, 너무 깊은 MCA나 ACA까지 들어가서 상보적인 괴사를 나타내는 occlusion model 1마리, 그리고 경색이 일어나지 않은 마우스 50마리를 확인하였다. 결론: 이에 본 연구에서는 Nylon Thread를 생쥐의 무게에 따라 32~36g 인 생쥐는 9mm로 삽입하여주고, 37~40g인 생쥐는 9mm+0.5mm의 깊이로 삽입하여서 1hr의 occlusion과 23hr의 reperfusion을 주어 생쥐를 TTC 염색을 통하여 괴사가 일어난 부분을 확인하였고, 생쥐에서 가역적인 뇌혈관 경색으로 151말중 101마리에서 뇌경색을 유도 할 수 있었다(66.9%).

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.493-505
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• 2016

컴퓨터 비전이나 감시영상 시스템에서 유동인구 수 측정은 안전, 스케줄링, 광고효과 측면에서 중요한 과제 중 하나이다. 유동인구 수 측정은 조명변화, 부분적인 폐색, 중첩, 사람검출과 같은 다양한 어려움을 겪고 있다. 가장 큰 문제점은 혼잡한 상황에서 추적되는 객체에 대한 폐색과 중첩이다. 정확한 유동인구 수 측정을 위해 폐색과 중첩은 반드시 해결해야 할 과제이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 보행자 추적 방법을 개선한 효율적인 유동인구 수 측정 시스템을 제안한다. 기존의 보행자 추적과 달리, 제안된 방법은 평균 필터 추적방법을 적용하여 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 보인다. 또한 객체 추적의 성능향상을 위한 프레임 보상, 아웃라이어 제거를 통해서 추적을 개선한다. 그와 동시에 제안된 시스템은 추적된 객체의 다양한 정보를 저장한다. 데이터 셋 S6와 데이터 셋 S7에 대하여 유동인구 수 측정 정확도를 향상시키고 에러율을 줄인다. 또한 제안된 방법은 실시간으로 평균 80fps의 검출을 제공한다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

Objective: To assess the effect of vitamin D administration on the skin blood flow response to occlusion and heat. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty age matched subjects; 10 who had diabetes and 10 who were controls were administered 4,000 IU of vitamin D3 for 3 weeks at breakfast. The function of the endothelial cells was evaluated in 2 ways; first, the response to 4 minutes of vascular occlusion of the skin was measured with a laser Doppler flow meter. Second, the skin blood flow response to local heat at 42 degrees C for 6 minutes was examined. Results: The results of the experiments showed that the blood flow response to heat was reduced after 3 weeks administration of vitamin D in the subjects with diabetes and in the control subjects (p<0.05). The response to occlusion was not significantly different within each group before and after vitamin D administration, but the group with diabetes had a significantly lower blood flow response to occlusion than did the controls (p<0.05). Conclusions: Acute doses of vitamin D may impair nitric oxide production and reduce blood flow to tissue during stressors in people with diabetes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.912-928
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• 2019

Crowd behavior analysis research has revealed a central role in helping people to find safety hazards or crime optimistic forecast. Thus, it is significant in the future video surveillance systems. Recently, the growing demand for safety monitoring has changed the awareness of video surveillance studies from analysis of individuals behavior to group behavior. Group detection is the process before crowd behavior analysis, which separates scene of individuals in a crowd into respective groups by understanding their complex relations. Most existing studies on group detection are scene-specific. Crowds with various densities, structures, and occlusion of each other are the challenges for group detection in diverse crowded scenes. Therefore, we propose a group detection approach called Collective Interaction Filtering to discover people motion interaction from trajectories. This approach is able to deduce people interaction with the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. The Collective Interaction Filtering approach accurately identifies groups by clustering trajectories in crowds with various densities, structures and occlusion of each other. It also tackles grouping consistency between frames. Experiments on the CUHK Crowd Dataset demonstrate that approach used in this study achieves better than previous methods which leads to latest results.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

오늘날은 사회 안전을 강화하기 위하여 공공장소에서 유기물을 자동으로 검출하는 지능적 비전 감시 시스템을 설계하는 것이 필요한 때이다. 그런데, 이미 인지된 유기물의 일부분 또는 전체는 주변사람들로 가려질 수가 있다. 필수 지표 중 하나인 PAT를 개선하기 위해서는 시스템이 이러한 가려짐 문제를 극복해야만 한다. 이 연구에서는 이러한 가려짐 문제를 고려하여 강인한 검출시스템을 구축하기 위해서 여러 단계로 구성된 새로운 설계 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템의 유용성을 보이기 위하여 6개의 다양한 상황을 포함하는 이미지 스트림에 대해서 평가를 시행했고, 그 실험 결과는 침입과 유기 행위에 대해 각각 96%와 75%의 성능을 보인다. 마지막으로 다수의 사람에 의한 가림 현상에도 불구하고 제안된 시스템은 계속적으로 유기물을 인지하는 성능을 보이고 있다.