• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.853-857
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• 2013

We design, develope and test a parallel active polymer pen lithography (PPL) device, which consists of individually addressable elastomeric probe tips. The PPL array chip is fabricated using soft lithography method with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material. Individual probe can be pneumatically actuated via a computer controlled interface. We demonstrate parallel writing with 16 individually addressed pens, with each pen producing a different pattern in the same run. The largest proof-of-concept array fabricated is $4{\times}4$ with a spacing of $250{\mu}m$ in both x and y axes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.119-122
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• 2020

The effects of liquid potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) on the litter quality of poultry were investigated. Two-hundred-forty 0-day-old broiler chickens (Arbor Acres) were randomly assigned to two treatments with four replicated pens of 30 chickens each. Treatment liquid KMnO₄ at a rate of 50 g of liquid KMnO₄/kg of poultry litter was sprayed onto the litter surface using a small hand pump; others served as a control that was applied without liquid KMnO₄ additions. Compared with controls, the treatment liquid KMnO₄ showed no differences in pH, total nitrogen and ammonia concentration. It was concluded that liquid KMnO₄ did not significantly increase poultry litter quality. Mechanisms relating to increasing litter pH and ammonia using liquid KMnO₄ are an oxidant agent (not acid-foaming agents).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.933-936
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• 2018

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a mixture of bentonite and illite as feed additives on the growth performance and litter quality of 90 Pekin ducks. The ducks were individually weighed and randomly divided into two treatments (control and 1% combination of silicate minerals), with three replicate pens per treatment, and 15 ducks per pen. Growth performance was not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the combination of bentonite and illite, but a trend of increased growth performance was observed in the control groups. Total nitrogen content and pH in the litter decreased following supplementation with the combination of bentonite and illite (p<0.05) when compared with the control group. This data indicates that the dietary supplementation with the combination of bentonite and illite (1% level) has no positive effect on the growth performance and litter quality of Pekin ducks.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2000

A microarrayer system was developed mainly for manufacturing DNA chips. The 3-axis robot was designed to automatically collect samples from 96-or 384-well microtiter plates using up to 16 simultaneously moving pens and to deposit them on a surface-modified slide glass. This is followed by a wash/dry operation in a clean station. The cycle is repeated with a new set of samples, This system can deposit cDNA or oligonucleotides with spot intervals of $150{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ and the spot size of $80\mu\textrm{m}$, thus allowing a high density DNA chip containing about 5,000 spots per $\textrm{cm}^2$. The entire procedure is controlled by the Visual C++ program that was written in our laboratory by using a personal computer with Pentium 100 CPU.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 1993

The application of fertilizer P to Desmodium intortum at 40, 60 and 100 kg/ha resulted in the P content of the legume regrowth being 0.10, 0.13 and 0.16% on a dry matter basis. When the forages were fed alone to sheep in metabolism pens the corresponding voluntary intakes by sheep of the three forages were 27.3, 42.7 and $54.3g/W_{kg}{^{0.75}}$, respectively. Provision of additional P by rapid infusion into the rumen each morning before any fresh food was offered depressed the voluntary intake of all three feeds. It is suggested that the adverse effect of supplementary P was probably caused by an induced deficiency of either Ca or Mg and led to a reduction in microbial activity in the rumen.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.148-150
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• 1994

Anthracnose of statice (Limonium sp. var. Misty Blue and L. sinuatum Mill. cv. Early Blue) occurred up to 20% in vinyl-houses at Buan, Imsil and Namwon from July to November, 1993. All isolates from the anthracnose symptoms were identified as Glomerella cingulata (Stonem.) Spauld. & Schrenk and its anamorph was Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Pens.) Sacc. Pathogenicity of the isolates was ascertained on the statice host by artificial inoculation. The symptoms on leaves appeared as circular brown spots in early stage and developed to zonate spots. The spot aggregated and diseased leaves were blighted. The symptom also developed on the stems of severely infected plants and the infected branches were blighted. A lots of acervuli developed on the lesions of stems. Acervuli on necrotic lesions were setose, rounded and elongated. Setae variable in length, 1~4 septate, brown, slightly swollen at the base and tapered to the apex on which conidia were occasionally borned. Statice was revealed as the new host of G. cingulata.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.515-518
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• 2000

The mortalities of the gorals (Nemorhaedus goral raddeanus) that have been raised in Everland Zoological Gardens were retrospectively analyzed based on the clinical charts and autopsy reports from 1976 to 1999. During that Period a total of 17 gorals were died. Infectious factos (35.2%), digestive (23.5%) and respiratory disorders (17.6%) account feta the majority of cause of death. The The mortality of newborn gorals (50%) were significantly higher than that of adult (20%) and juvenile gorals (0%) due to infectious disease. 83.5% of the infectious disease were found in the garals younger than 5 months old. The cause of death of 5 newborn gorals died by infectious disease were as follows: 1aryngeal diphtheria, 2 (40%); actinobacillosis,2 (40%): coccidiosis. 1 (20%). It was considered that proper hygenic epic precautions in goral Pens ir feeding Places together with avoidance of rough feed are needed for the prevention of death of infectious cause at the goral raising in zoo-logical gardens.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.745-748
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• 2016

Ninety ducks (one-day-old Pekins, 45 males and 45 females) were used to evaluate the effects of supplementing diets with Houttuynia cordata powder on the fatty acid profiles of duck breast meat. The ducks were allotted to one of the three treatment diets using a completely randomized design, each treatment-group containing three replicate pens with ten birds each (five of each gender). The experimental diets were: 1) Control (basal diet), 2) T1 (Control+ 1% Houttuynia cordata) and 3) T2 (Control+2% Houttuynia cordata). In spite of significant difference, the addition of Houttuynia cordata resulted in higher unsaturated fatty acid and lower saturated fatty acid contents than in the Control group. However, no remarkable difference was observed between 1% and 2 % Houttuynia cordata groups for fatty acid profiles.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.135-143
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• 1994

The actural condition of rural house polts, houses and their attached facilities was surveyed in CHUNGCHEONGBUK-DO in order to find out existing residential problems. From the data collected, general influencing factors, housing/residential environmental qualities, and farmer's opinion on them were analyzed or obtained as the basic design criteria for future projects. The structural shape of rural housing should be developed on the basis of our traditional one. The materials of wall should be made from soil sourced one. Kitchin room and rest room should be improved in view of the Western style. Residential space should be harmonized our traditional one(reception of a guest preferred) with westernized living space(nuclear family life preferred). The plane planning of 'ㄷ' type would be generally preferred in the block planning of rural housing and attached facilities. Livestock pens and compost houses would be seperated from, while storehouses would be coexisted with a living space.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1993

This study was performed to survey on the prevalence of swine internal parasites at 12 piggeries being operated by the sawdust fermentative pigsty in Kyongnam central area. To investigate the effects of viability of eggs, larva and cysts, temperatures at the underlayer of the sawdust floor and rooms of pens were taken four times each season for one year. In a pig farms which have been operated by the sawdust fermentative pigsty, eggs of Ascar is suum(8.8%), Trichr is suis(18.3%), Oesophagostomum sp(9.4%), Strongyloides ransomi(1.3%), Hyostrongylus sp(3.8%) and Metastronylus apri(2.3%) were detected from 480 heads of Pigs. Cysts and oocysts of Coccidia(12.7%), Balantidium coli(5.4%) were also detected form 480 heads of pigs. The change of the temperature in the pig room was variable between $13^{\circ}C\; to\; 27^{\circ}C$ accord-ing to outside condition, whereas that in underfloor was consistently stable between $28^{\circ}C \;to\; 31^{\circ}C$ which was strictly suitable for the development of eggs, larva and cysts.