• 약학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 1974

From the measurements of infrared and fluorescence spectra riboflavin-2',3',4',5'-tetraacetate has been found to associate with penicillin-V more than strongly with themselves. They form the 1 : 1 cyclic hydrogen bonded dimer through the imino and the 2-C carbonyl groups of the isoalloxazine ring and the imino group of the penicillin-V ressidue. Pernicillin-V is an effective quencher of the fluorescence of riboflavin through hydrogen bonds partly due to the collision interaction with the penicillin ring.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 1980

The influence of penicillin G infusion(7.5 units/min/kg) on the diuretic action of furosemide$(250{\mu}g/kg)$ in rabbits was studied to investigate the drug interaction between penicillin G and furosemide. The results were as follows: 1) There was no significant change in renal function in the penicillin G infused rabbits compared with the normal ratbit. 2) In comparison with the control group, a significant increase in ${\triangle}U_{flow},\;{\triangle}U_{Na}V,\;{\triangle}U-kV\;and{\triangle}U_{cl}V$ was noted by 30 minutes following the administration of furosemide in the penicillin G infused group. There was no significant difference in ${\triangle}C_{In},\;{\triangle}C_{PAH}$ between the two groups and ${\triangle}Na^+$ reabsorption rate was significantly decreased in the latter. The potentiating effect of penicillin G on the diuretic action of furosemide should be due to the increased luminal concentration of free form of furosemide, and it may be related to the competitive inhibition of plasma protein binding between the two drugs.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.215-220
• /
• 1998

목 적 : A군 연쇄구균 무증상 감염자는 증상은 없지만 A군 연쇄구균이 분리되고 ASO(antistreptolysin O)치가 높은 사람으로서 이들은 류마티스열이나 사구체신염 등 후유증을 일으킬 수 있다. 저자들은 무증상 감염자를 대상으로 경구용 페니실린을 복용하게 하여 이들에서 페니실린 치료 효과를 조사하였다. 방 법 : 상기도 감염 증상이 없는 건강한 초등 학생들을 대상으로 인두배양과 ASO치를 정량적으로 측정하였다. A군 연쇄구균이 분리되고 ASO 치가 400IU/mL 이상인 아동 36명을 대상으로 하여 그 중 22명의 학생은 경구용 페니실린 제제(penicillin V, 500mg. 하루 2회)를 10일간 복용하게 하였고, 14명은 대조군으로 삼고 항생제를 복용하지 않았다. 한달 후 두 그둡 아동에서 동시에 인두배양을 시행하여 A군 연쇄구균 제거율을 비교하고 ASO치를 측정하여 농도 변화를 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 항생제를 복용한 그룹과 복용하지 않은 그음의 A군 연쇄구균 제거율은 각각 91%(20/22)와 50%(7/14)로서 항생제를 사용한 그룹에서 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 항생제를 사용한 그룹과 사용하지 않은 그룹에서 ASO치가 100IU/mL 이상 상승한 경우는 각각 22%(4/18)와 30%(3/10)이었고 200IU/mL이상 감소한 경우는 각각 44.4%(8/18)와 40%(4/10)로서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 무증상 감염자를 대상으로 페니실린을 투여했을 때 인두에서 균이 효과적으로 제거되어 페니실린 치료의 타당성을 확인하였다. 그러나 ASO치 감소는 두 그룹간에 유의한 차이가 없었는데, 이는 ASO의 반감기가 걸고 경구용 페니실린의 경우 순응도가 낮기 때문으로 사료된다. 항생제 치료에도 불구하고 ASO치가 상승한 것을 치료 실패로 판정할 때 22%의 치료 실패율을 보였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.194-196
• /
• 1997

Using the polyclonal antibody for Xanthomonas citri ampicillin acylase raised in Pseudomonas-free Balb/c mice, the immunochemical similarity of several types of penicillin acylases including Erwinia aroideae penicillin V acylase, Escherichia coli penicillin G acylase, Pseudomonas melanogenum and Acetobacter turbidans ampicillin acylases, and Pseudomonas cephalosporin acylase was examined. Among tested, only P. melanogenum ampicillin acylase showed the cross-reactivity with the antibody.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.192-198
• /
• 2006

In this study, the light addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) with $Si_{3}N_{4}/SiO_{2}/Si$, and $Ta_{2}O_{5}/SiO_{2}/Si$ structures were fabricated. The penicillinsae was immobilized on the devices to hydrolyze the penicillin using self-assembled monolayer (SAM) method. Then response characteristics according to the penicillin concentrations were measured and compared. The measuring system was simplified by using LabVIEW. The pH response characteristics of fabricated devices are 56 mV/pH ($Si_{3}N_{4}$ sensing membrane) and 61 mV/pH ($Ta_{2}O_{5}$ sensing membrane). The sensitivity of sensor by enzyme reaction result of the enzyme reaction were 60 mV/decade and 74 mV/decade for $Si_{3}N_{4}/SiO_{2}/Si$ and $Ta_{2}O_{5}/SiO_{2}/Si$ structure, respectively, in the range of $0.1\;mM{\sim}10\;mM $of the penicillin concentration.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.185-205
• /
• 1983

Penicillins and cephalosporins are biosynthesized from L-.alpha.-aminoadipic acid, L-cysteine and L-valine. A tripeptide, LLD-$\delta$-($\alpha$-aminoadipyl)cysteinylvaline(LLD-ACV) was isolated from fermentation broths of Cephalosporium acremonium as well as of Penicillium chrysogenum and it was proved that the LL-$\delta$-($\alpha$-aminoadipyl cysteine was formed first in mycelia, to which valine would be connected to give LLD-ACV. However, several points are still unsolved; first, what mechanism is involved in the configurational change from L-valine to D-valine, second, what kind of cyclization mechanism gives a $\betha$-lactam ring and a thiazolidine ring and third, what is the pathways for the ring expansion from penicillins to cephalosporins. At present, it seems clear that LLD-ACV is cyclized to give isopenicillin N, which is transformed to penicillin N and further to cepbalosporin C. Other hydrophobic penicillins, including benzyl penicillin and penicillin V, are formed from isopenicillin N by acyl-exchange reactions catalyzed by penicillin transferase, rather than by acylation reaction on 6-aminopenicillanic acid(6-APA), which was isolated from the fermentation broth of P. chrysogenum and which would be formed by hydrolysis of $\delta-(\alpha$-amincadipyl)amido moiety at the C-6 position in isopenicillin N or penicillin N by penicillin acylase. Acylation of 6-APA is catalyzed also by penicillin acylase, but the reaction is proved not to be involved in penicillin biosynthesis. Understanding the biosynthesis of penicillins and cephalsoporins would provide solutions to increase in fermentation yields of penicillins, especially of cephalosporins and a solution to biological production of 7-aminocepbalosporanic acid (7-ACA) which is of importance in pharmaceutical industry. Still regulation mechanisms in penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis are unveiled at all.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.223-230
• /
• 1991

Using the shuttle vector pECCGl between Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum and C. glutamicum strain JS231 grown in the medium supplemented with penicillin-G, which inhibits the formation of cross-links in the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell wall, various parameters involved in electroporation system including resistance, electric field strength, capacitance, DNA concentration, and cell density were investigated independently and optimized for the high efficiency transformation of coryneform bacteria. Using cells grown with 0.3U/ml of penicillin-G and harvested at A600 of 0.7-0.8, transformation efficiencies of 107-l08 transformants/$\mu\textrm{g}$ of DNA with Corynebcctertum glutamicum strain JS231 and wild type ATCC13032 were achieved under conditions of 12.5kV/cm of electric field strength, 400 ohms of resistance, $25\mu$F of capacitance, 3$\times$108 cells per transformation(1.2$\times$1010 cells/ml) and 100ng of plasmid DNA per transformation.

• 대한미생물학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 1975

저자들은 1967년 이래 '71년, 72년, 73년 4년에 걸쳐 232주의 전형적인 이질균을 동정확인하여 정리한바 있다. 1974년에도 1,504주의 장내 병원성세균이 각 시, 도, 위생시험소 및 종합병원 등에서 수집되어 검사대상이 되었으며 이질균으로 동정확인된 47주를 얻게 되었으므로 그들의 미생물학적 성상을 보고하는 바이다. 서울에서 분리된 shigella flexneri 3주를 제외하고는 강원도에서 44주가 분리되었으며, 그 내역은 sihgella dysenteriae가 1주, shigella flexneri가 43주, shigella sonneri가 3주이었다. 생물학적 성상중 과거에 시험되지 않았던 Christensen's citrate, Sodium acetate, Sodium alginate, Esculin test 등을 시도하였으며 그결과는 미국 Center for Disease Control에서 발표된 성적과 비슷한 결과로 나타났다. 우리나라에서 흔히 상용될 수 있는 항생제에 대한 감수성 검사를 실시하였으며 nitrofurantoin, cephalosporin, ampicillin, penicillin G $1{\mu}g$에 대해서는 1973년도 균주와 마찬가지로 감수성균으로 반응을 보였으며, 반대로 bacitracin, lincomycin, penicillin V $10{\mu}g$에 대해서는 전적으로 내성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과들은 예년과 마찬가지로 Ericsson씨 법에 의해 관찰된 것이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.829-836
• /
• 2016

Penicillin G acylase (PGA) was immobilized on magnetic Fe₃O₄@chitosan nanoparticles through the Schiff base reaction. The immobilization conditions were optimized as follows: enzyme/support 8.8 mg/g, pH 6.0, time 40 min, and temperature 25 ℃. Under these conditions, a high immobilization efficiency of 75% and a protein loading of 6.2 mg/g-support were obtained. Broader working pH and higher thermostability were achieved by the immobilization. In addition, the immobilized PGA retained 75% initial activity after ten cycles. Kinetic parameters V_max and K_m of the free and immobilized PGAs were determined as 0.113 mmol/min/mg-protein and 0.059 mmol/min/mg-protein, and 0.68 mM and 1.19 mM, respectively. Synthesis of amoxicillin with the immobilized PGA was carried out in 40% ethylene glycol at 25 ℃ and a conversion of 72% was obtained. These results showed that the immobilization of PGA onto magnetic chitosan nanoparticles is an efficient and simple way for preparation of stable PGA.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.356-362
• /
• 2004

In this study, we developed the measuring system based on light addressable potentiometric sensor for the quantitative analysis of penicillin that is very important element in medicine and pharmacy, clinic. It is investigated the response characteristics by enzyme reaction with penicillinase. First, the surface pre-treatment process of the $Si_{3}N_{4}$ was established. The coupling agent was made using self assembled monolayer method and it was confirmed the immobilization process by AFM. Also, as the measuring system, potentiostat, signal processing part etc. was made by Lab VIEW software, it was reduced detecting time as well as simplifying the system. Fabricated device was shown excellent pH response characteristics, 57 mV/ pH in the range of pH $2{\sim}11$. The response characteristics was 60 mV/decade in the range of $0.1{\sim}10{\;}mM$.