• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.159-172
• /
• 2023

In general, social problem-solving research aims to create important social value by offering meaningful answers to various social pending issues using scientific technologies. Not surprisingly, however, although numerous and extensive research attempts have been made to alleviate the social problems and issues in nation-wide, we still have many important social challenges and works to be done. In order to facilitate the entire process of the social problem-solving research and maximize its efficacy, it is vital to clearly identify and grasp the important and pressing problems to be focused upon. It is understandable for the problem discovery step to be drastically improved if current social issues can be automatically identified from existing R&D resources such as technical reports and articles. This paper introduces a comprehensive dataset which is essential to build a machine learning model for automatically detecting the social problems and solutions in various national research reports. Initially, we collected a total of 700 research reports regarding social problems and issues. Through intensive annotation process, we built totally 24,022 sentences each of which possesses its own category or label closely related to social problem-solving such as problems, purposes, solutions, effects and so on. Furthermore, we implemented four sentence classification models based on various neural language models and conducted a series of performance experiments using our dataset. As a result of the experiment, the model fine-tuned to the KLUE-BERT pre-trained language model showed the best performance with an accuracy of 75.853% and an F1 score of 63.503%.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.75-103
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to suggest to tackle the problem of poor cooperation in space activities, by re-examining the nature of the competitive political environment, and by building up a normative overarching framework, One of the most acute problems that hampers regional cooperation is the U.S. influence as represented in the MTCR, a supplier's cartel, as was evidenced in the ill-fate of the 2001 launch contract between China and Korea the next year. Notably China, the third space power in the world, has not been allowed to join the MTCR despite her application in June 2004. A possible reconciliation between China and the MTCR over her application for a partnership would set a cornerstone in building up a cooperative environment in the Northeast Asia. Just as the Helsinki process was an overarching norm building framework, comprising human rights, security and environmental issues, it would be desirable that a future peace framework in Northeast Asia dealing with the pending issues of Korean peninsula should also comprise of such broad issues as one relating to cooperation in space activities in the region. South Korea could tap expertise from her neighbor China. When South Korea become an independent space power either with her own technology or otherwise, she would be in a better position to play a role as a balancer in coordinating between the two neighboring space giants. It is remarkable that the Japanese led APRSAT has contributed much in establishing Sentinel Asia as a part of the Disaster Management Scheme, in that each participant, whether it be a state agency, or a private entity like a university or a research institute, can tap the common data to contribute to the common good of safety.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• no.spc
• /
• pp.59-86
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to suggest to tackle the problem of poor cooperation in space activities, by re-examining the nature of the competitive political environment, and by building up a normative overarching framework, One of the most acute problems that hampers regional cooperation is the U.S. influence as represented in the MTCR, a supplier's cartel, as was evidenced in the ill-fate of the 2001 launch contract between China and Korea the next year. Notably China, the third space power in the world, has not been allowed to join the MTCR despite her application in June 2004. A possible reconciliation between China and the MTCR over her application for a partnership would set a cornerstone in building up a cooperative environment in the Northeast Asia. Just as the Helsinki process was an overarching norm building framework, comprising human rights, security and environmental issues, it would be desirable that a future peace framework in Northeast Asia dealing with the pending issues of Korean peninsula should also comprise of such broad issues as one relating to cooperation in space activities in the region. South Korea could tap expertise from her neighbor China. When South Korea become an independent space power either with her own technology or otherwise, she would be in a better position to play a role as a balancer in coordinating between the two neighboring space giants. It is remarkable that the Japanese led APRSAT has contributed much in establishing Sentinel Asia as a part of the Disaster Management Scheme, in that each participant, whether it be a state agency, or a private entity like a university or a research institute, can tap the common data to contribute to the common good of safety.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.189-199
• /
• 2016

Pending issues present in the Nation Technical Qualifications System (NTQS) have been discussed to deal with the causes and improvements of the issues. The key present situations of the NTQS were investigated to analyze the problems of the NTQS. The acquisition distribution of the items of additional points in employment and the items applied to the laws and regulations of duty employment was revealed to be related with preferential items. The AHP analysis has been conducted based on issues for improvement of the NTQS raised till now. The urgency priority of the elements to be improved was ranked according to the AHP analysis result. The agendas for the improvement of the NTQS was suggested by consideration of the priority of the elements. First, a solution to raise discrimination of the NTQS was suggested by taking the view points of the experts into account. Second, an opinion was proposed that the preferential policies in employment should be directed toward expansion of qualification for duty employment. Third, two ideas were proposed to rectify problems embedded in the technician career handbook system. And four remedies have been made suggested, including the merger of similar events. The results of this research are expected to serve as a useful material for the future design of the NTQS.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 2016

Energy-saving heat depending on the country's rise in oil prices up to the product development is regarded as pending issues. Therefore, in recent years, been a continuing research studies developed for increasing the economic efficiency and reliability achieved in effectively using the side of the energy for heating using electrical to address these problems and, in particular made active the technology developed for high performance and renal material becoming. This paper is to study the development of highly efficient induction heating device according to the excellent heat transfer characteristics for energy transfer. Induction heating is used as the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, such as heat transfer conduction or convection of the existing methods are no different. Medium heat without beating is absorbed directly into the water column switched rapidly, have features that heats evenly. In addition, high-frequency induction heating in a variety of frame designs. Heating element heats only when utilized properly, it is possible to heat the focus.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.68
• /
• pp.65-87
• /
• 2015

This article examines the Stay of Enforcement of ICSID Arbitration Award. The effect of the stay is that the award is not subject to enforcement proceedings under Article 54 of the ICSID Convention pending the outcome of the annulment application. The annulment committee must decide the stay, unless the applicant sought the stay with the request for annulment, in which case the ICSID Secretary -General must grant it automatically. This automatic stay -which can only relate to the entire award-remains in force until the committee is constituted and issues a decision on the request for stay. ICSID committees have taken different positions on whether a stay of enforcement is exceptional or not. Some committees have held that because the ICSID Convention explicitly recognizes that the rights of the award creditor could be subject to a stay, stays are not exceptional. ICSID practice shows that most committees have rejected the proposition that the merits and prospects of the application for annulment should influence the committee's decision whether to grant a stay. In addition, ICSID practice regarding the specific circumstances that will justify a stay of enforcement is unclear, and committees have focused on different factors to decide whether to grant a stay such as prospect of prompt compliance with the ward, hardship to one of the parties, risk of non-recovery and irreparable harm to the award debtor. Also, ICSID practice shows that even though the Convention is silent on this issue, committees have generally held that they are empowered to condition the stay of enforcement on the granting of security by the requesting party.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• autumn
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2002

Project plan and control is a highly skilled task which is vital for business success, and Project control systems are important for successful project execution. To support construction process management effectively, an integrated cost and schedule control function is required to collect quality data in a timely manner and to provide quality historical data for future planning of new projects. In Korea construction industry, the development and implementation cases of a project control system which to efficiently support construction project planning and controlling processes, have been increased to ensure a project success and the profitability of a construction company. To contribute to improving practical effectiveness of a project control system, the paper reviewed and analyzed the current trends and functional features of current project control systems. And it also described the pending issues and their solutions faced on previous project control systems.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.5 no.1 s.17
• /
• pp.168-174
• /
• 2004

Project plan and control is a highly skilled task which is vital for business success, and Project control systems are important for successful project execution. To support construction process management effectively, an integrated cost and schedule control function is required to collect quality data in a timely manner and to provide quality historical data for future planning of new projects. In Korea construction industry, the development and implementation cases of a project control system which to efficiently support construction project planning and controlling processes, have been increased to ensure a project success and the profitability of a construction company. To contribute to improving practical effectiveness of a project control system, the paper reviewed and analyzed the current trends and functional features of current project control systems. And it also described the pending issues and their solutions faced on previous project control systems.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.96-106
• /
• 2008

Objectives: The objective of the study was to resolve various elements of conflict by presenting the results of the study and to help build an enhanced oriental medical service system. Methods: The researcher collected data from 12/15/2006 to 1/31/2007. A total of 1000 questionnaires were sent out to oriental medical doctors working at oriental medical facilities and the 15% (150 questionnaires) of them that were returned completed were analyzed. Results: 1. As to the proper proportion of oriental medical doctors to western medical doctors, they said it should be less than 20%. About separating the task of prescribing oriental medicine (herb) from oriental medical treatment, 80.7% of them were against it. 98.7% said oriental medical doctors needed the control of medical technicians. 2. 72.3% said they had no intention of taking the U.S. NCCAOM board to practice oriental medicine overseas. A majority (57.7%) were in favor of unifying oriental medical license with western medical license. 3. Oriental medical doctors had greater job satisfaction [than all oriental medical doctors number]. If they were to choose another occupation than oriental medicine they would consider becoming a research fellow above all other occupations. If they were to reenter college, they said they would probably choose oriental medical school. However, the choice of reentering oriental medical school was lower than that of western medical school. Conclusion: This study has also statistically determined the current issues that may pose conflicting views on the part of the respondents. A periodic study such as this one will hopefully aid in establishing policies for oriental medicine.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.210-220
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The aims of this study were to describe and interpret the nature of the experience inherent in the sex life of female breast cancer patients after treatment and understand the meaning behind it. Methods: The participants were 10 female breast cancer patients who were married. Data were collected from March to September 2010. Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology was adopted in this qualitative study as a research method. Results: There were 4 essential topics in the participants' experience of sex life; 'Sex life alert' was a result of negative changes in sexual relationships with spouse that they had never experienced before the breast cancer diagnosis; 'Precarious situation for pending divorce' was an experience of deteriorated sex life because of the failure to overcome 'sex life alert'; 'Sublimation of the difficulties by discovering an alternative solution' was an experience of discovering a solution to overcome the 'sex life alert'. 'Leaving it as unsettled' was an experience of a condition in which the participants did not have any intension to resolve the difficulties in sex life due to the lack of appropriate support, thus tried to ignore the challenges faced. Conclusion: This study illustrates the necessity to develop proper nursing intervention on the issues related to sex life among breast cancer patients. Given the fact that the sexual topics are often considered taboo in day to day nursing practice, special attention and efforts need to be given in this area to build up nursing knowledge and evidence-based practice.