• 복식
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• 제39권
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• pp.217-237
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• 1998

The present research is to study the make-up culture of Korea and its neighboring countries such as China and Japan during the period from the prehistoric age to the 19th cen-tury. The research was made by documents analysis. The results are summerised as follows : (1) A man has a basic instinct to beautify himself. There was not a significant difference between the make-up behavior of men and women in its primal stage. It was by the start of farming and the division of labor that made the make-up behavior as a feminine culture. The difference of sexual role caused the con-ceptual difference between manly beauty and womanly beauty. It was very natural for women to regard the make-up as the best way for showing their feminine beauty. In Korea, China and Japan, there were vari-ous kinds of primal actions such as tattooing, body-painting, and tooth make-up which were used in the purpose of body protection, incantation, ornament, and so on. Ass their ornamental purpose was becoming more important, these primal actions became the basis of the feminine make-up culture. Nowadays make-up, having mental and emo-tional function, is helpful to increasing self-satisfaction, promoting good personal relation-ship, and attracting attention from the other sex. It also has other functions of showing social status, wealth, age, sex, courage, power, and so on. (2) The representative make-up product used widely in the three countries was Boon (powder) which decides the overall color of face. The key point in the production of Boon was to increase its power of adsorption. The invention of Yunboon (power mixed with lead) solved this major problem of Boon. Yeonji which decides the color of cheek was the mixture of Boon and the powder of Honghwa (a kind of red-colored flower or tree). Mimook (eyebrow pencil) was developed to match up with the various and changing currencies of penciling eyebrows in each nation and times, Yeonji and Joosa (red sand) were used as Jinji (lip stick). The predominant color of Jinji was red. As miscellaneous methods of partial make-up, there were Kon-ji used in a wedding cer-emony in korea, Aek-hwang, Hwa-jeon, Sa-hong, and Myun-yup in China, and Chi-heuk, a peculial method of partial make-up in japan. (3) There were various factors which decided the characteristics of make-up culture usually reflects international atmosphere, the form of government, economic situation, re-ligious and social ideology, aesthetic sense, symbolizing meanings of colors, and so on. The up and down of an influentian country was one of the major factors which decided the characteristics of the make-up culture of its neighboring countries. When a country took a liberal form of government, it had diverse and splendid tendencies in its make-up culture. The better a nation's economic situation is, the more abandant and various its make-up culture is, and sometimes, the more eccentric and decadents it was. In the field of make-up production, the three countries had their own characteristics. But, as a whole, China was the leading nation who spread the culture and products of make-up to Korea and Japan. Though the Chinese make-up culture and products were usually spread to Japan through Korean, there was some evidence of direct exchanges between China and Japan through its dispatches of Kyun-Tang-Sa(Japanese delegation to the Tang Dynasty). While religion had a positive influence on the development of make-up culture by introducing new methods of make-up, Confucianism exercised strict control over the make-up cul-ture. The currencies in arts and changes of esthetic sense introduced new methods and booms to the make-up culture. Literature made people pay increasing attentions to the countenances of women and changed the standards of esthetic sense. We can find out that the social status of woman was also reflected in the make-up culture. As the social status of women became higher, the feminine make-up culture also developed more then ever. As mentioned above, the make-up cultures of the three countries reflected their social values, esthetic senses, and emotional feelings. Through their cultural exchanges, the three countries could develop various make-up products and methods.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2008

목적: 슬관절내 이물질은 비록 빈도가 높지는 않으나, 종전에는 이를 제거하기 위해 광범위 관절 절개술 또는 다발성 절개술이 필요함에 따라 수술자로 하여금 당혹한 경험을 갖게 하였다. 저자들은 관절경적 제거 술식을 이용한 슬관절내 이물질 제거에 대하여 임상적 치험과 그 결과를 분석하여 관절경적 제거술식의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 1983년 3월부터 2006년 9월까지 총 22례의 슬관절내 이물질에 대하여 관절경적 이물질 제거술을 시행하였다. 성별로는 남자가 16명 여자가 6명 이었고, 슬관절내 이물질의 원인으로 외상이 7례(31.9%), 수술과 관련된 예가 13례(59%), 수술적 치료 후 추적관찰 기간 중 발견된 예가 2례(9.1%)였다. 결과: 이물질의 종류로는 금속성 이물질이 15례(68.1%)로 가장 많았고 비금속성 이물질이 7례(31.9%)였으며 총알, 봉합사, 연필심, 끊어진 강선 등의 다양한 분포를 보였다. 전례에서 관절경적 술식을 이용하여 용이하게 이물질을 제거할 수 있었으며 술 후 관절강직 등의 특이한 합병증은 없었다. 결론: 슬관절내 이물질 제거에 있어서 관절경적 방법은 이물질에 대한 접근의 용이성과 유동성 뿐만 아니라 술후 발생할 수 있는 후유증의 측면에서도 매우 유용한 술식으로 사료된다. 목적: 슬관절내 이물질은 비록 빈도가 높지는 않으나, 종전에는 이를 제거하기 위해 광범위 관절 절개술 또는 다발성 절개술이 필요함에 따라 수술자로 하여금 당혹한 경험을 갖게 하였다. 저자들은 관절경적 제거 술식을 이용한 슬관절내 이물질 제거에 대하여 임상적 치험과 그 결과를 분석하여 관절경적 제거술식의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 1983년 3월부터 2006년 9월까지 총 22례의 슬관절내 이물질에 대하여 관절경적 이물질 제거술을 시행하였다. 성별로는 남자가 16명 여자가 6명 이었고, 슬관절내 이물질의 원인으로 외상이 7례(31.9%), 수술과 관련된 예가 13례(59%), 수술적 치료 후 추적관찰 기간 중 발견된 예가 2례(9.1%)였다. 결과: 이물질의 종류로는 금속성 이물질이 15례(68.1%)로 가장 많았고 비금속성 이물질이 7례(31.9%)였으며 총알, 봉합사, 연필심, 끊어진 강선 등의 다양한 분포를 보였다. 전례에서 관절경적 술식을 이용하여 용이하게 이물질을 제거할 수 있었으며 술 후 관절강직 등의 특이한 합병증은 없었다. 결론: 슬관절내 이물질 제거에 있어서 관절경적 방법은 이물질에 대한 접근의 용이성과 유동성 뿐만 아니라 술후 발생할 수 있는 후유증의 측면에서도 매우 유용한 술식으로 사료된다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2015

2011년 발생한 후쿠시마 원전 사고 이후, 국민의 방사선에 대한 관심이 급속히 증가하였으며 그에 따른 방사선의 위험성에 대한 우려 또한 증대되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 일상생활 속에서 접할 수 있는 물질의 방사선 및 환경방사선을 측정하여 그 실태를 알아봄으로써, 국민의 방사선에 대한 올바른 이해를 돕고 더불어 방사선 피폭에 대한 우려를 경감하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 'Captus - 3000 갑상샘 섭취율 측정장치'를 이용하여 일상생활에서 쉽게 접할 수 있는 17가지 시료들을 대상으로 방사능을 측정하였으며, 측정에는 우물형 계수기를 이용하였다. 측정한 시료로는 연탄, 표고버섯, 명태, 전지분유, 알카라인 건전지, 단추형 건전지, 표토, 아스팔트, 휘발유, 솔잎, 현무암, 흑연(석탄), 고추냉이, 천일염, 담배, 맥주, 참치(캔)으로 선정하였고 각각의 시료에 대하여 토양자원, 수자원, 식품, 기타자원으로 분류하였다. 수자원으로 선정한 맥주는 식품으로 분류하였다. 또한 우물형 계수기의 감도측정을 위하여 기준선원으로 선 선원 형태의 137Cs을 이용하였다. 우물형 계수기로 137Cs 선선원의 계수값(cpm)을 측정한 후, 각각의 시료에서 얻은 계수값과 스펙트럼을 분석하였고, 식품의 경우에는 식약처의 방사능 허용기준단위인 Bq/Kg으로 환산하여 그 안전성을 판단하였다. 실험 결과, 측정한 시료들 중 유의할 만한 시료들을 집단 A로 분류하였고, 그 외에 배후 방사능과 큰 차이를 보이지 않은 시료들을 집단 B로 분류하였다. 집단 A의 경우 배후 방사능에 비해 알카라인 건전지가 7.67 %, 단추형 건전지가 4.65 %, 아스팔트가 8.03 %, 표토가 3.76 %, 연탄이 7.46% 높은 값을 보였다. 사용된 시료들 모두에서 측정된 방사능이 생활용품의 일부와, 식품의 경우에는 식약처에서 제시한 방사능 허용기준치 이내에 들어 있음을 확인하였다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제3권
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• pp.287-316
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• 1999

Cyberspace permits us to more beyond traditional face-to-face, mail and telephone surveys, yet still to examine basic issues regarding the quality of data collection: sampling, questionnaire design, survey distribution, means of response, and database creation. This article address each of these issues by contrasting and comparing traditional survey methods(Paper-and-Pencil) with Internet or Personal Computer networks-mediated (Screen-and-Keyboard) survey methods also introduces researchers to this revolutionary and innovative tool and outlines a variety of practical methods for using the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. The revolution in telecommunications technology has fostered the rapid growth of the Internet all over the world. The Internet is a massive global network and comprising many national and international networks of interconnected computers. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks could be the comprehensive interactive tool that will facilitate the development of the skills. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks provides a virtual frontier to expand our access to information and to increase our knowledge and understanding of public opinion, political behavior, social trends and lifestyles through survey research. Comparable to other technological advancements, the Internet or Personal Computer Networks presents opportunities that will impact significantly on the process and quality of survey research now and in the twenty-first century. There are trade-offs between traditional and the Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks is an important channel for obtaining information for target participants. The cost savings in time, efforts, and material were substantial. The use of the Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey tool will increase the quality of research environment. There are several limitations to the Internet or Personal Computer Network survey approach. It requires the researcher to be familiar with Internet navigation and E-mail, it is essential for this process. The use of Listserv and Newsgroup result in a biased sample of the population of corporate trainers. However, it is this group that participates in technology and is in the fore front of shaping the new organizations of interest, and therefore it consists of appropriate participants. If this survey method becomes popular and is too frequently used, potential respondents may become as annoyed with E-mail as the sometimes are with mail survey and junk mail. Being a member of the Listserv of Newsgroup may moderate that reaction. There is a need to determine efficient, effective ways for the researcher to strip identifiers from E-mail, so that respondents remain anonymous, while simultaneously blocking a respondent from responding to a particular survey instrument more than once. The optimum process would be on that is initiated by the researcher : simple, fast and inexpensive to administer and has credibility with respondents. This would protect the legitimacy of the sample and anonymity. Creating attractive Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey formats that build on the strengths of standardized structures but also capitalize on the dynamic and interactive capability of the medium. Without such innovations in survey design, it is difficult to imagine why potential survey respondents would use their time to answer questions. More must be done to create diverse and exciting ways of building an credibility between respondents and researchers on the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. We believe that the future of much exciting research is based in the Electronic survey research. The ability to communicate across distance, time, and national boundaries offers great possibilities for studying the ways in which technology and technological discourse are shaped. used, and disseminated ; the many recent doctoral dissertations that treat some aspect of electronic survey research testify to the increase focus on the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. Thus, scholars should begin a serious conversation about the methodological issues of conducting research In cyberspace. Of all the disciplines, Internet or Personal Computer Networks, emphasis on the relationship between technology and human communication, should take the lead in considering research in the cyberspace.