• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.704-712
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• 2010

Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) has been implicated in many clinical diseases/syndromes that are now referred to as PCV-associated diseases (PCVAD). Due to significant economic losses caused by PCVAD, many swine operations have launched extensive monitoring programs for PCV2. Traditional serum sampling is, however, rather expensive and laborious, hampering effective large scale pathogen surveillance. A field-based longitudinal study was conducted to assess the utility of pen-based oral fluid sample as an alternative to serum for herd PCV2 testing. Six pens (25 pigs/pen) at each of 3 different sites were used in the study. One oral fluid and 5 random serum samples per pen were collected at 3, 5, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age, and the sera were pooled by pen for testing. All samples were tested for PCV2 by real-time PCR and for antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody test (for both anti-PCV2 IgG and IgA) and 3 ELISA assays (blocking ELISA, indirect ELISA, and IgG/IgM sandwich ELISA). PCV2 DNA was detected in oral fluid samples sporadically until 8 weeks and in all pens at 16 weeks. PCV2-specific IgG was detected in oral fluid samples at 3 weeks and persisted until 5 to 8 weeks in all sites. Anti-PCV2 IgG and IgA were detectable in oral fluid samples collected at 16 weeks from all of the pens at 1 site. The detection of PCV2 and anti-PCV2 antibody in oral fluid samples correlated positively with results on pooled sera, suggesting that oral fluids can be a cost-effective alternative to serum for herd monitoring of PCV2 infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of detection of PRRSV and PRRSV-specific antibodies in oral fluids for monitoring of PRRSV infection in endemic farms. The level of PRRSV and anti-PRRSV antibodies in serum and oral fluids was evaluated in five age groups of pigs (6, 9, 12, 16 weeks of age and gilts). The samples (25 serums and 5 oral fluids/per a farm) were collected from 5 different farms endemically infected by PRRSV. Both serum and oral fluid samples were tested for PRRSV by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and for anti-PRRSV antibodies by two commercial PRRSV ELISA kits. ELISA mean s/p ratios (2.98 vs 1.63) and positive rate (84.0% vs 68.8%) of the oral fluid samples showed significantly higher levels but had similar patterns to the seroprofile of the blood samples. The PRRSV positive rate of oral fluid and serum samples was 40.0% and 44.0% respectively. In conclusion, the use of oral fluids for PRRS monitoring in endemic farms is strongly recommended.