• Title/Summary/Keyword: Pellets

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Controlled-Release Pelletized Dosage Forms Using the Extrusion-Spheronization Process

  • Rhee, Yun-Seok;Lee, Jae-Hwi;Lee, Beom-Jin;Park, Eun-Seok
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • v.40 no.spc
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    • pp.103-112
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    • 2010
  • Pellets, which are multiple-unit dosage systems, have the several therapeutic advantages over single-unit dosage systems in oral drug delivery. This review focuses on the current status and explores extrusion-spheronization technique with special attention to controlled-release application of pellets including coated pellets for delayed release formulations, coated pellets for colon delivery, coated pellets for sustained drug delivery, sustained-release matrix pellets, pellets compressed into tablets, bioadhesive pellets, floating pellets, and pelletization with solubilization techniques.

Fuel Properties of Woody Pellets in Domestic Markets of Korea

  • Oh, Jae-Heun;Hwang, Jin-Sung;Cha, Du-Song
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.362-369
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    • 2014
  • This study investigated physical properties and combustion gas characteristics for 8 types of wood pellets (4 domestic and 4 imported products) distributed in the domestic market. Results showed that most pellet types were first-grade pellets in the wood pellet quality standards in Korea with the exception of 3 pellet types from K company (second-grade in mechanical durability), G company (off-grade in nitrogen content) and P company (second-grade in ash percentage). Mixed pellets which contained more lignin and sap content were higher in mechanical durability (%) than that of white pellets. From the combustion gas analysis results, NOx emitted from all pellets combustion was at acceptable levels for national emission standard of the Clean Air Conservation Act except for pellets from G company. In addition, CO levels from all types of wood pellets were acceptable except for pellets from D company and domestic pellets were higher CO levels than imported pellets. These results indicate the higher CO levels in domestic pellets due to the usage of forest thinning materials including logging debris which usually had the high content of bark.

Nutrient Availability and Growth Rate Associated with Three Different Feed Types Used by Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, Farmers in Korea

  • Lee, Jinh-Wan;Jo, Jae-Yoon
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.190-194
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    • 2008
  • We estimated the digestibility and growth rate of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) on three diets: raw fish-based moist pellets, moist pellets, and extruded pellets. The diets were created using commercially available methods, and a basic formulated powder. A reference diet was used to compare feed digestibility and the fish growth rate achieved using the experimental diets. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of protein for raw fish-based moist pellets and moist pellets were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those for extruded pellets and the reference diet. The ADCs of nitrogen-free extracts (NFE) of extruded pellets and moist pellets were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those for raw fish-based moist pellets and the reference diet. Fish that were fed with the raw fish-based moist pellets showed the greatest weight gain (452.4%), which was not significantly different from that of fish fed with extruded pellets (414.4%; P>0.05). These results indicate that the higher protein efficiency in fish fed with extruded pellets can result in good growth performance within flounder culture systems.

Experimental Investigation of the Sound Absorption Capability of Wood Pellets as an Eco-Friendly Material

  • JANG, Eun-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.126-133
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    • 2022
  • In this study, I used wood pellets as an eco-friendly sound-absorbing material. The aim of the research was to analyze the effect of the filling height of wood pellets on sound absorption. This was done using two types of wood pellets of different lengths (A group: 1.5-3 cm, B group: less than 1.5 cm). With increasing filling height of the wood pellets, the optimum sound absorption shifted towards a lower frequency. The group B wood pellets had better sound absorption capacity than the group A ones. The optimum sound absorption coefficient of group A filled to a height of 7 cm was 0.722 at 864 Hz. On the other hand, that of group B filled to a height of 7 cm was 0.764 at 862 Hz, 5.82% higher than that of group A. While wood pellets are used as an eco-friendly fuel, the results of this study suggest the possibility of using wood pellets as an eco-friendly sound-absorbing material.

Formulation of Erythromycin Enteric-coated Pellets (에리스로마이신 장용성 펠렛의 제제 설계)

  • 이승우;박은석;지상철
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.593-599
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    • 1995
  • Erythromycin was formulated as enteric-coated pellets in order to reduce degradation in stomach and gastromtestmal irritation, and to maximize the absorption in intestine followmg its oral administration. Core pellets were prepared using fluid-bed granulator with two different methods (powder layering and solvent spraying) and enteric-coated with two different coating polymers (HPMCP and Eudragit E30D). Physical characteristics md dissolution rates of core pellets and enteric-coated pellets were evaluated to optimize the formulation. Powder layering method resulted in shorter initial dissolution time than solvent spraying method, but physicochmical properties of the product were worse than solvent spraying method with respect to hardness, ftiability and density. The dissolution rate of the drug was increased with the addition of surfactants, showing concentration-dependence. The scanning electron microscopic observation of pellets revealed significant differences on the surface appearances prepared with solvent spraying method. The core pellet made with powder layering method had crystals on the surface, which resulted in poor physical properties of the pellets. The dissolution profiles of erythromycin pellets coated with HPMCP or Eudragit L30D were close to that of commercially available erythromycin enteric-coated product.

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Effects of Various Factors on the Durability of Pellets Fabricated with Larix kaempferi C. and Liriodendron tulipifera L. sawdust (낙엽송 및 백합나무 톱밥으로 제조한 펠릿의 내구성에 미치는 영향인자)

  • Lee, Soo-Min;Choi, Don-Ha;Cho, Seong-Taek;Nam, Tae-Hyun;Han, Gyu-Seong;Yang, In
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.258-268
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sawdust size and moisture content, pelletizing temperature and time on the durability of the pellets fabricated with larch and tulip tree sawdust. The durability of larch-pellet was significantly higher than that of tulip tree-pellet. For the larch-pellets, the durability of the pellets fabricated with > 18 mesh sawdust was higher than that of 8~18 mesh sawdust. With the increases of pelletizing temperature and time, the durabilities of larch- and tulip tree-pellets steadily improved. The durabilities of larch- and tulip tree-pellets also increased as the moisture content of sawdust increased. In the comparison of durabilities between commercial pellets and larch- or tulip tree-pellets, the pellets fabricated with larch and tulip tree sawdusts in our study were less denser than commercial pellets, but the durability of most larch-pellets was satisfied with the 1st-grade pellet standard designated by Korea Forest Research Institute. In addition, the durability of tulip tree-pellets were higher than that of the 3rd-grade pellet standard. From the scanning electron microscopic observation of larchand tulip tree-pellets, the gap between the sawdusts of each pellet was reduced with the increases of pelletizing temperature and time. In particular, it was visually confirmed that the surface of the pellets made with the pelletizing temperature of $180^{\circ}C$ for 3 min did not differ from that of commercial pellets.

A New Type of Nonthermal Plasma Reactor

  • Geum, Sang-Taek;Moon, Jae-Duk;Jun, Sun-Gon
    • The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.245-249
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    • 1999
  • A new type of nonthermal plasma reactor utilizing ferroelectric pellets is proposed to generate nonthermal plasma efficiently, which is used for simultaneous control of various pollutant gases. Electric charges stored on ferroelctric pellets by corona discharge between a corona tip and a mesh electrode provide partial electrical discharges among ferroelectric pellets. These partial electrical discharges can enhance partial discharges around the surface of ferroelectric pellets. This method utilizes wide reacting area of ferroelectric pellets and partial discharge. Positive and negative dc voltage are applied to the corona tip to generate partial discharges, and corona currents are estimated to investigate charge storage on ferroelectric pellets as function of time and charge relaxation time constants of ferroelectric pellects. As a result, charge relaxationtime, dielectric constants of ferroelectric pellets, polarity of applied voltage and applied time influence partial discharges among ferroelectric pellect.

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Effects of Fermented Milk on Rats Fed by Hypercholesterolemic Diet (유산균 발효유가 콜레스테롤을 투여한 백서(흰쥐)에 미치는 영향)

  • 임국환;김종규;한정희
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.77-89
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    • 1993
  • Effects of fermented milk were tested in Sprague-Dawley male rats. In six treatment 150 rats were fed for 12 months: (1) normal control synthetic pellets+water, (2) cholesterol control synthetic pellets containing 1% of cholesterol and 500, 000 IU of vitamin D2/100 g (cholesterol pellets) +water, (3) cholesterol pellets+25% fermented milk, (4) cholesterol pellets+50% fermented milk, (5) cholesterol pellets+75% fermented milk, (6) cholesterol pellets+100% fermented milk. In 3, 6, 9, 12 months, rats were sacrificed for analysis of samples. Rats received the fermented milk had significantly lower (p<0.05) serum cholesterol levels and higher ratios of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol than did the water fed rats. Stomach, heart, abdominal aorta and kidney of rat from fermented milk group showed slighter calcification or necrosis than did those of rat from cholesterol control group. Weight gain, diet intake, and drink consumption were significantly different among groups. Results indicate that fermented milk had a helpful effect of experimental hypercholesteremia and atherosclerosis.

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The simulation on a electric field distribution of dielectric pellets with a shape of ball at atmosphere (대기중에서 구형 유전체 펠렛의 전계 분포 특성 평가)

  • Lee, Dong-Hoon;Park, Honh-Jae;Park, Jae-Youn
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2003.05e
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    • pp.57-60
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    • 2003
  • This paper explained electric field distribution's characteristics of dielectric pellets with a shape of ball to voltage. When discharge gap of electrode and input voltage are each 20[mm], 10000[V], the electric field simulation results of dielectric pellets with a shape of ball with relative dielectric constant of several kind measured stronger electric field near electric pellets with a shape of ball of ${\phi}5$[mm] than $1{\phi}$[mm] and $3.33{\phi}$[mm] at atmosphere. And the maximum electric field of dielectric pellets with a shape of ball over ${\phi}5$[mm] increased about 5[%] to maximum electric field of electric pellets with a shape of ball ${\phi}5$[mm]. And the result of simulation, when relative dielectric constant of dielectric pellets with a shape of ball is 100, it measured about 90[%] of maximum electric field of dielectric pellets with a shape of ball with relative dielectric constant over 1000.

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Effect of Poloxamer Content on Dissolution of Diltiazem Hydrochloride from Core Pellets (딜티아젬 함유 코아 펠렛으로부터 약물의 용출에 미치는 폴록사머 함량의 영향)

  • Lee, Seung-Woo;Kam, Sung-Hoon;Hong, Ji-Woong;Choi, Ki-Song;Park, Eun-Seok;Chi, Sang-Cheol
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.305-311
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    • 2002
  • In order to evaluate the effect of poloxamer 407 content on the dissolution profiles of pellets, diltiazem HCl (DTL) core pellets were prepared with poloxamer 407 (50-90% w/w, with lactose as filler) using an extruder and a spheronizer. Any possible interaction between the drug and excipients was evaluated using DSC, IR and TLC. Dissolution tests were performed using USP basket method. In addition, scanning electron micrograph was performed to examine the surface roughness and cross sections. The release of DTL from the core pellets was decreased with increasing poloxamer 407 content. Cracks appeared on the surface of the core pellets with increasing the poloxamer 407 content, which may play a role on the retardation of the release of DTL from core pellets. There was no any significant interaction between the drug and excipients employed to prepare the core pellets.