• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.399-415
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• 2021

This study was conducted to suggest the optimal periods for planting and felling Larix kaempferi tree by monitoring its cambial activity period. In addition, the heat summation to induce the cambial activity of Larix kaempferi was investigated. The study sites were at Mt. Worak and Mt. Midong. After selecting 5 trees at Mt. Worak and Mt. Midong, the cambium samples were collected using a mini trephor with 2 mm diameter from April 7 to October 6, 2017 at Mt. Worak, and from April 7 to September 29, 2017 at Mt. Midong. After the collected cambium samples were embedded in PEG2000, transverse thin sections with a thickness of 10 to 15 ㎛ were prepared using a microtome. One Larix kaempferi sample from each site, Mt. Worak and Mt. Midong, in which the accurate monitoring of cambial activity was impossible due to the formation of traumatic resin canal, was excluded from the study. The observation of the initiation date of cambial activity under a light microscopy revealed that 2 specimens from Mt. Worak and 3 from Mt. Midong showed the initiation on April 28. The remaining 2 specimens of Mt. Worak and 1 specimen of Mt. Midong were initiated on May 4, which was a week later than the others. The heat summation that induced the initiation of cambial activity was 196.4-271.8 at Mt. Worak and 204.7-277.3 at Mt. Midong, which was similar. The termination of cambial activity occurred between August 4 and 25 at Mt. Worak, and between August 4 and September 1 at Mt. Midong. Based on the above results, it was found that the optimal planting period for Larix kaempferi in Mt. Worak and Mt. Midong was before April, about a month before the cambium activity, and the felling period was from October when the cambial activity was completely terminated.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.46-58
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• 1996

Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate($InsP_3$) is a second messenger for mobilizing intracellular $Ca^{2+}$. It can be dephosphorylated by soluble and particulate forms on $InsP_3$ 5-phosphatase, or phosphorylated to produce inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate($InsP_3$) by $InsP_3$ 3-kinase. These enzymes represent possible targets for the regulation of the $InsP_3/InsP_4$ signal. $InsP_3$ 3-kinase which catalyses th ATP-dependent phosphorylation of $InsP_3$ was purified from bovine brain tissue. All operation were carried out at $4^{\circ}C$. Fresh tissure was homogenized and centrifuged. The supernatant was pooled. Proteins were precipitated from 10% polyethylene glycol, and suspended solution was applied to DEAE cellulose column for chromatography. As the result of above procedure, two isozymes of $InsP_3$ 3-kinase, I and II were obtained. Each isozyme was applied to Matriz green gel, Calmodulin-Affigel 15 column and subsequent phenyl-TSK HPLC column. Specific activites(SA) and fold of puriety were observed at each purification step of chromatography. At DEAE cellulose chromatography, SA were I, 0.6 and II, 4.8 nM/min/mg, and folds were I, 17.2 and II, 16.6. At Matrix green gel chromatography, SA were I, 18 and II, 11 nM/min/mg, folds were I, 62.1 and II, 38.0. At calmodulin-Affigel 15 column chromatography, SA were I, 19 and II, 13 nM/min/mg, folds were I, 65.5 and II, 44.8. Finally $InsP_3$ kinase I and II were purified 3,103-fold and 2,310-fold, and SA were I, 900 and II, 670 nM/min/mg, respectively. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis elucidated 3 distinct fractions of Mr of 145,000, 85,000 and 69,500 from isozyme I, and 2 distinct fractions of Mr of 79,000 and 57,000 from isozyme II.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

Liposomes having particle size from several tens to hundreds nanometers are efficient carriers for injectable drug delivery. Enhancement of liposome stability in bloodstream has been studied because of its relatively short circulation time and fast clearance from human body by reticuloendothelial system (RES) in blood vessel. In this study, new disaccharide-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE) derivatives in which lactose or sucrose as the disaccharide molecule was conjugated covalently to DSPE were synthesized. Liposomes of which surface had disaccharide molecules were prepared by incorporating the disaccharide-DSPE into liposomes as one of their lipid components. Particle size of the prepared liposomes was approximately 100 nm. The liposomes of which surface were modified with the disaccharide-DSPE showed -25 mV of zeta potential value due to the presence of hydroxyl groups on their surface, while the unmodified control liposomes showed -10 mV of zeta potential value. Loading efficiency of model drug, doxorubicin, into liposomes was about 90%. Stability of the disaccharide-modified liposomes in vitro was evaluated by monitoring the amount of protein adsorption and particle size of the liposomes in serum. Disaccharide-modified liposomes were more stable in serum than unmodified control liposomes or polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-modified liposomes due to less adsorption of serum protein and hence less increase of their particle size. The liposomes of which surface was modified with disaccharide-DSPE conjugate can be used as long-circulating carriers for drugs having high toxicity or short half-life time due to their enhanced stability in blood circulatory system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.291-297
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• 1984

The peanut, unlike other plants, has three distinct steps in the reproductive process. These are the flowers, the peg and the fruit. This research was designed in the field to determine the difference of fruiting habit for each of plant types of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in peanut culture limiting region. Eight cultivars representing four plant types, i.e., Virginia, Spanish, Valencia and Shinpung types. Number of pegs per plant produced in order of Spanish, Valencia, Virginia, Shinpung, Virginia type. The Virginia small seed type produced the most pods per plant. The shinpung type showed more percentage of matured pod than other types and early pot-set habit. Distribution of mature pods for each of branch positions to total mature pods occupied 63% on two cotyledonary branchs, 34% on 3rd to 5th branchs, 3% on over 6th branchs. Shinpung type was considered more favorable plant type than other types for breeding of early maturing high yielding variety because of early pot-set and high percentage of mature pod.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 1986

In order to obtain the optimum conditions for intact yeast cell transformation in the various yeast host-vector systems, 3 yeast plasmid vectors, YRp7, YEpl3 and YIp5 were introduced into 5 yeast hosts, Saccaromyces cervisiae Dl3-1A, DKD-5D, DBY-746, MC-16 and S2022D with various transformation conditions, and plasmid stabilities in all the transformants were also observed. The highest transformation frequencies in all the host-vector system were obtained in the 16 hour Cultured cell (5.4 $\times$ 10$^6$ - 2.4 $\times$ 10$^8$cells/$m{\ell}$) treated with 0.1-0.2 M lithium chloride in 0.1 M tris-HCl (pH 7.6), 35% polyethylene glycol 4000, and heat-shocked at 42$^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes after 60 minutes of induction. The intact cell transformation got more transformation frequency in DKD-5D (YRp7) and DBY-746 (YEpl3) than protoplast transformation, but reverse tendency was observed in DKD-5D (YEp13) and Dl3-lA (YRp7). The transformants, D13-1A (YRp7) and DKD-5D (YRp7) were very unstable in selective medium, with 80 to 85% of the transformants losing the plasmid after 70 generations, but the transformants, DKD-5D (YEpl3) and DBY-746 (YEpl3) were quite stable, with 35% of the transformants losing the plasmid.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.555-566
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• 2018

Two rhizobacteria Bacillus aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 were evaluated whether they are involved in stress tolerance against drought and high temperature as well as fungal infections in Chinese cabbage plants. Chinese cabbage seedlings cv. Ryeokgwang (spring cultivar) has shown better growth compared to cv. Buram-3-ho (autumn cultivar) under high temperature conditions in a greenhouse, whilst there was no difference in drought stress tolerance of the two cultivars. In vitro growth of B. aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 were differentially regulated under PEG 6000-induced drought stress at different growing temperatures (30, 40 and $50^{\circ}C$). Pretreatment with B. aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 enhanced the tolerance of Chinese cabbage seedlings to high temperature, but not to drought stress. It turns out that only B. siamensis H30-3 showed in vitro antifungal activities and in planta crop protection against two fungal pathogens Alternaria brassicicola and Colletotrichum higginsianum causing black spots and anthracnose on Chinese cabbage plants cv. Ryeokgwang, respectively. B. siamensis H30-3 brings several genes involved in production of cyclic lipopeptides in its genome and secreted hydrolytic enzymes like chitinase, protease and cellulase. B. siamensis H30-3 was found to produce siderophore, a high affinity iron-chelating compound. Expressions of BrChi1 and BrGST1 genes were up-regulated in Chinese cabbage leaves by B. siamensis H30-3. These findings suggest that integration of B. aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 in Chinese cabbage production system may increase productivity through improved plant growth under high temperature and crop protection against fungal pathogens.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.526-531
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• 2003

KR-31378 is a new drug candidate intended for the use in the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion damage. The objective of this preformulation study was to determine the physicochemical properties of KR-31378. The n-octanol to water partition coefficients of KR-31378 were 0.0504 at pH 3 and 0.8874 at pH 10. Accelerated stability of KR-31378 in solution and solid state was studied at 5, 40, $60^{\circ}C$. The stability testing indicated that the t90 for the drug in solid was estimated to be 2 years and 128.6 days at $25^{\circ}C$, while the that in aquesou solution was 68.6 days at $25^{\circ}C$. The KR-31378 was also found to be unstable under the relative humidity of 76%, probably because of the hygroscopic nature of the drug. In order to study compatibility of KR-31378 with typical excipients, potential change in differential scanning calorimetry spectrum was studied in 1:1 binary mixtures of KR-31378 and Aerosil, Avicel, Eudragit, lactose, PEG, talc, CMC, PVP, starch. As a result, CMC, PVP, and starch were found to be incompatible with KR-31378, indicating the addition of these excipients may complicate the manufacturing of the formulation for the drug. Particle size distribution of KR-31378 powder was in the size range of 9-93 $\mu$ m with the mean particle size of 37.9 $\mu$ m. The flowability of KR-31378 was apparently inadequate, indicating the granulation may be necessary for the processing of the drug to solid dosage forms. Crystallization of the drug with a number of organic solvents did not lead a crystalline polymorphism. In addition, dissolution of the drug from the powder was adequately rapid at $37^{\circ}C$ in water.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.146-155
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• 1997

The new video coding standard Iv1PEG-4 is enabling content-based functionalities. It requires a prior decomposition of sequences into video object planes (VOP's) so that each VOP represents moving objets. This paper addresses an image segmentation method for separating moving objects from still background (non-moving area) in video sequences using a statistical hypothesis test. In the proposed method. three consecutive image frames are exploited and a hypothesis testing is performed by comparing two means from two consecutive difference images. which results in a T-test. This hypothesis test yields a change detection mask that indicates moving areas (foreground) and non-moving areas (background), Moreover. an effective method for extracting

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.92-95
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• 2009

In 1923, Pierre Robin, a French stomatologist, first reported the association of micrognathia with glossoptosis. As more than 80% of all Pierre Robin cases accompanied with other syndrome such as Stickler syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, etc, it is called Pierre Robin sequence(PRS). PRS is described in the literature as a triad of anomalies characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis and cleft palate. Clinically, the triad consists of airway obstruction and feeding difficulty, which are more frequent and severe in the neonatal period. In this case, a 14-month old boy with PRS was referred to the department of pediatric dentistry, Yonsei university dental hospital, who resolved airway obstruction by lateral positioning and feeding problem by percutaneous endocutaneous gastrotomy insertion. PRS is a developmental disorder as well as an anatomic obstructive disorder, therefore it should be dealt with by a multidisciplinary team.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1919-1924
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• 2015

Polymorphisms in the region of the interleukin IL-28 gene on chromosome 19 have been related with clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major human pathogen responsible for chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. About 3% of the world's population is infected with HCV. The long-term response to therapy is influenced by many host and viral factors, and recent evidence has indicated that some host genetic polymorphisms related to IL-28 are the most powerful predictors of virological response in patients with HCV. This study assessed frequency of the IL-28 polymorphism (rs8099917) in 50 patients (39 men and 11 women) with chronic hepatitis C using ZNA probe real time PCR new method. All patients were tested for genotype of HCV and the HCV viral load. In parallel, the levels of SGOT, SGPT and ALK enzymes were assessed. Treatment using Peg-interferon alpha with ribavirin was conducted for patients and subsequently samples were collected to detect any change in viral load or liver enzyme rates. The overall frequency of the TT allele is 74%, TG allele 20% and GG allele 6% and the percent of patients who had T allele was 84%. Clear reduction in viral load and liver enzymes was reported in patients with the T allele. Especially for genotype 1 which is relatively resistant to treatment, these alleles may have a role in this decline. In conclusion, we showed that IL-28 polymorphism rs8099917 strongly predicts virological response in HCV infection and that real-time PCR with Zip nucleic acid probes is a sensitive, specific and rapid detection method for detection of SNPs which will be essential for monitoring patients undergoing antiviral therapy.