• 아동학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.123-138
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• 2002

The assessment of the 678 6th grade subjects of this study was with the Perry, Kusel, and Perry(1988) Modified Peer Nomination Inventory and the Daily Hassles Coping Scale for Children (Min & Yoo, 1998). Findings were that 14% of the children were bullies, 14% were victims, and 11% were bully/victims(bullies in one situation and victims in a different situation). Sex differences showed that boys who are victims and bully/victims used more passive coping than bully type boys. Bully and bully/victim types used more aggressive coping; victim types used more evasive coping. For girls, bully and bully/victim types used more passive coping than the victim types, who used more evasive coping. Bully types used more social support-seeking in their coping than victims and bully/victim types.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.439-450
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• 2022

This case report describes the treatment of an adult female patient with a history of periodontal disease, Class I malocclusion with extrusion, dental spaces, and pathologic tooth migration. The patient was treated with clear aligners, which effectively controlled the strength and direction of orthodontic forces after 3 months of systematic periodontal treatment. The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was calculated from study models before and after treatment. The pretreatment PAR score was 24, and the posttreatment PAR score was 4. The PAR score for this patient changed by 83%. Satisfactory appearance and good function were achieved for this patient.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2005

Those specifications of the CLIA analytical tolerance limits are consistent with the performance goals in Six Sigma Quality Management. Six sigma analysis determines performance quality from bias and precision statistics. It also shows if the method meets the criteria for the six sigma performance. Performance standards calculates allowable total error from several different criteria. Six sigma means six standard deviations from the target value or mean value and about 3.4 failures per million opportunities for failure. Sigma Quality Level is an indicator of process centering and process variation total error allowable. Tolerance specification is replaced by a Total Error specification, which is a common form of a quality specification for a laboratory test. The CLIA criteria for acceptable performance in proficiency testing events are given in the form of an allowable total error, TEa. Thus there is a published list of TEa specifications for regulated analytes. In terms of TEa, Six Sigma Quality Management sets a precision goal of TEa/6 and an accuracy goal of 1.5 (TEa/6). This concept is based on the proficiency testing specification of target value +/-3s, TEa from reference intervals, biological variation, and peer group median mean surveys. We have found rules to calculate as a fraction of a reference interval and peer group median mean surveys. We studied to develop total error allowable from peer group survey results and CLIA 88 rules in US on 19 items TP, ALB, T.B, ALP, AST, ALT, CL, LD, K, Na, CRE, BUN, T.C, GLU, GGT, CA, phosphorus, UA, TG tests in chematology were follows. Sigma level versus TEa from peer group median mean CV of each item by group mean were assessed by process performance, fitting within six sigma tolerance limits were TP ($6.1{\delta}$/9.3%), ALB ($6.9{\delta}$/11.3%), T.B ($3.4{\delta}$/25.6%), ALP ($6.8{\delta}$/31.5%), AST ($4.5{\delta}$/16.8%), ALT ($1.6{\delta}$/19.3%), CL ($4.6{\delta}$/8.4%), LD ($11.5{\delta}$/20.07%), K ($2.5{\delta}$/0.39mmol/L), Na ($3.6{\delta}$/6.87mmol/L), CRE ($9.9{\delta}$/21.8%), BUN ($4.3{\delta}$/13.3%), UA ($5.9{\delta}$/11.5%), T.C ($2.2{\delta}$/10.7%), GLU ($4.8{\delta}$/10.2%), GGT ($7.5{\delta}$/27.3%), CA ($5.5{\delta}$/0.87mmol/L), IP ($8.5{\delta}$/13.17%), TG ($9.6{\delta}$/17.7%). Peer group survey median CV in Korean External Assessment greater than CLIA criteria were CL (8.45%/5%), BUN (13.3%/9%), CRE (21.8%/15%), T.B (25.6%/20%), and Na (6.87mmol/L/4mmol/L). Peer group survey median CV less than it were as TP (9.3%/10%), AST (16.8%/20%), ALT (19.3%/20%), K (0.39mmol/L/0.5mmol/L), UA (11.5%/17%), Ca (0.87mg/dL1mg/L), TG (17.7%/25%). TEa in 17 items were same one in 14 items with 82.35%. We found out the truth on increasing sigma level due to increased total error allowable, and were sure that the goal of setting total error allowable would affect the evaluation of sigma metrics in the process, if sustaining the same process.

• 아동학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.51-67
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• 2001

Children who have problems in interacting appropriately with others typically have significant social skills deficits. Social skills training has become a primary intervention to improve the appropriate peer relationship or peer acceptance. Many social skills training programs have been designed and implemented on socially isolated children, however the findings from many studies investigating the effect of social skills interventions are various. The first purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of interventions by using quantitative method of meta-analysis. Second, it was to review a various research in detail. Third, it was to provide the basis of planning a social skills training program. For these purposes, findings from 26 studies investigating the effects of social skills interventions for 624 socially isolated children (5-12 years) were analyzed. The result of this study were the following : The pooled overall mean effect size(ES) was 1.11. On average, the pooled mean effect size(ES) according to the different research variables was large, meaning that the social skills intervention had a great effect and was socially important and necessary for socially isolated children. It would be recommended that social skills programs include appropriate target behaviors through multidisciplinary assessment process. This program should mainly focus on the improvement of prosocial behavior skills as well as reducing problem behaviors. For preschool children, over 50 minutes per session, two to three sessions per week, for a total of total over 20 sessions would be ideal. Posttest and follow-up need to perform for generalization and maintenance. Content of the program should be tailored to the developmental level as well as the interest level of the children.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.467-475
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• 2013

마이크로티칭은 교사들의 모의수업을 녹화한 후 피드백 평가 성찰의 과정을 통하여 수업 스킬을 개선하도록 돕는 교수-학습방법이다. 마이크로티칭과 관련된 선행 연구를 분석한 결과, 마이크로티칭을 진행하면서 발생하는 시간적 물리적 부담을 줄이고, 더욱 의미 있는 성찰의 기회를 제공할 필요가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 웹 기반 마이크로티칭 지원 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템을 통해 마이크로티칭 동영상을 공유하고, 전체 절차와 단계별 활동을 구조화할 수 있으며, 수업 계획서 업로드 체크리스트 등을 통해 마이크로티칭 활동이 보다 체계적이고 심도 있게 이루어지도록 하였다. 또한 다양한 유형의 피드백을 원하는 시점에 정확하게 입력할 수 있는 기능을 지원하였다. 이 시스템은 교사들의 수업스킬 증진뿐만 아니라 프레젠테이션, 면접 스킬을 향상시키는 데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.11-28
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to derive implication on the adoption of PROMs (Patient-Reported Outcome Measures) to improve quality of care in South Korea. With this purpose, the paper examines the status of PROMs in South Korea and other countries including OECD's PaRIS (Patient Reported Indicators Survey) initiative, and reviews policy cases that have adopted PROMs to improve performance of healthcare system. Methods: We conducted literature review on OECD reports on PaRIS, peer-reviewed journals, and information from the websites of relevant institutions such as ICHOM, NQF and OECD. Results: To identify healthcare services of best values and support patient-centered health system, OECD has initiated PaRIS which develops, collects and analyzes patient-reported indicators for cross-countries comparison. PaRIS is implemented on two work streams: 1) collect, validate and standardize PROMs in the areas where patient-reported indicators already exist such as breast cancers, hip and knee replacement, and mental conditions, 2) develop a new international survey on multiple chronic conditions. Countries like England, U.S., Sweden and Netherlands use PROMs for measuring performance of hospitals and performance evaluation at the national level, and provide the financial incentives for reporting PROMs. Conclusions: The use of PROMs can support the current policy agenda that is the patient-centered healthcare system which has been emphasized to reinforce the primary and the community-based care. For the use of PROMs, it is recommended to actively participate in PaRIS initiative by OECD, select appropriate instruments for PROMs, and continue on standardization of them. This will assure patients' involvement in improving health system performance, systemize information generated in the process of adopting PROMs, and develop a system to evaluate performance.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2023

Objectives: This study investigated whether the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) can differentiate between two groups of adolescents, one diagnosed with internalizing disorders and another with externalizing disorders, and examined the clinical utility of the MMPI-A-RF by examining which subscales can significantly discriminate between these two groups. Methods: A total of 105 adolescents aged 13-18 years completed the MMPI-A-RF (53 internalizing disorder and 52 externalizing disorder groups). Independent t-test, chi-square test (χ²), and discriminant analysis were used to examine whether MMPI-A-RF can distinguish between the two groups. Results: Sixteen MMPI-A-RF scales best predicted differences between the groups with internalizing and externalizing disorders. Fourteen scales (Higher-Order Scale [Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction], Restructured Clinical [RC] Scale [RC demoralization, Somatic Complaints (RC1), and Low Positive Emotions (RC2)], Personality Psychopathology Five Scale [Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality-Revised, Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism-Revised], Somatic/Cognitive Scale [Malaise, Head Pain Complaints, and Gastrointestinal Complaints], Internalizing Scale [Stress/Worry, Self-Doubt], Externalizing Scale [Negative School Attitudes], Interpersonal Scale [Social Avoidance, Shyness]) were associated with the internalizing disorder group, whereas two scales (Externalizing Scale [Conduct Problems, Negative Peer Influence]) were associated with the externalizing disorder group. Conclusion: The MMPI-A-RF can be an efficient assessment tool for a quick diagnosis as it can classify individuals with internalizing and externalizing disorders in clinical settings that lack a variety of assessment tools for children and adolescents.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.17-48
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• 2017

본 연구는 수학불안으로 인해 자신의 충분한 수학적 역량을 발휘 하지 못해 고민하는 일반계 고등학교 2학년 남학생 1명의 수학 불안 치유 사례연구이다. 본 연구에서 수철이(가명)는 수학시험과 관련해서 불안이 높게 나타났다. 이를 치유하기 위해 인지적 처치와 행동적 처치를 실시하였다. 첫째, 인지적 처치로서 자신의 문제 이해하기, 사고 기록지 작성하기, 중간 믿음 바꾸기, 핵심 믿음 바꾸기를 실시하였고 처치과정 속에서 어떠한 인지적 정의적 반응과 변화가 일어나는지 분석하였다. 둘째, 행동적 처치로서 분할노트 작성하기와 동료학습을 실시하였다. 분할노트 작성하기는 노트를 이용하여 나만의 문제를 찾아서 스스로 해결하게 하는 것으로서 이 과정 속에서 어떠한 인지적 정의적 반응과 변화가 일어나는지 분석하였다. 또한 수철이를 힘들게 하는 지나친 경쟁심과 승부욕이 동료학습을 하면서 어떻게 인지적 정의적으로 반응하고 변화하는지 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 수철이의 수학시험불안은 많이 감소되었고 그 밖의 다른 요인들도 감소하였다. 또한 어렵게 느껴지는 수학문제에 도전하여 해결함으로써 자신감을 회복하였고 지나친 승부욕과 경쟁심도 협동심과 배려심으로 승화한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2011

본 연구는 교합 상태를 객관적이고 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 개발된 American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system (ABO-OGS)을 이용하여 교정치료 후 나타나는 재발 경향을 평가하고 이에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요소들과의 상관관계를 알아보고자 시행되었다. 부산대학교, 경희대학교와 단국대학교 치과병원 교정과에서 포괄적 교정치료를 받은 환자 중 치료종료 후 2년 이상의 유지기간을 갖는 80명의 환자를 대상으로 초진 시(T1)의 peer assessment rating (PAR) index, 치료 후(T2)와 유지 후(T3) 시기의 ABO-OGS를 측정하여 T2와 T3 간의 변화 양상을 각 항목별로 측정하였고, 나이, 성별, Angle 분류, 발치 여부, 유지기간, 초진 시의 상태와의 상관관계를 조사하기 위해 다중 회귀분석을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. T2 시기와 비교하여 T3 시기에 ABO-OGS의 7개 항목 중 치아 배열(alignment)은 악화되었으며, 교합 접촉(occlusal contact)과 치간 접촉(interproximal contact)은 개선되었고, 나머지 4개의 항목에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 다중 회귀분석을 시행한 결과, 유의한 회귀모형은 치아 배열(alignment), 교합 관계(occlusal relationship), 수평피개(overjet), 치간 접촉(interproximal contact) 항목이었으나, 회귀 모형들의 설명력이 낮았으며, 연령, 성별, Angle 분류, 발치 여부, 유지기간, 초진시의 상태(initial PAR index, T1)는 T2 시기와 T3 시기의 ABO-OGS 변화량을 설명하는 데 큰 영향을 미치지는 않는 것으로 보인다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2001

교정치료의 결과를 평가하는 방법에는 두부방사선계측이나 석고모형을 이용하는 방법등이 있다. 교합지수는 석고 모형을 이용한 평가방법 중 하나로, 교합 상태를 하나의 수치로 표현하기 때문에 정량적으로 평가할 수 있고 계측이 객관적이며 교정치료의 결과를 평가하는데 있어서 표준화가 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 이 연구는 PAR지수를 이용하여 경희대학교 치과대학 교정과에서 시행되는 교정치료의 결과를 평가하고, 교정치료 증례들의 교정치료 전과 추적 관찰기의 교합 변화를 평가하며, 교정치료 전후의 결과가 치료 전 증례의 Angle 분류와 상관성이 있는지를 평가하기 위해 시행되었다. 영구치열기에 교정치료를 시작하여 고정식 교정장치로 치료하였고, 교정장치를 제거한 후 최소 24개월이 경과한 I급 부정교합 9 증례, II급 1류 부정교합 8 증례, III급 부정교합 8 증례 등 총 25 증례의 교정치료 전, 교정치료 종료 시, 추적 관찰기의 석고모형을 대상으로 PAR (Peer Assessment Rating) 지수를 이용한 교정치료의 결과 및 재발에 관한 연구를 시행하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 1. 교정치료 종료 시 평균 85.05%의 가중된 PAR 점수의 개선을 보였으며, 이는 'high standard of treatment'에 해당된다. 2. 추적 관찰기에는 교정치료 전과 비교하여 평균 75.40%의 가중된 PAR점수 개선을 보였으며 교정치료 종료 시와 비교하여 추적 관찰 기간동안 9.65%의 가중된 PAR 점수의 증가가 있었다. 3. 교정치료 전 Angle 분류와 치료 전후의 PAR 지수 변화량 간에는 상관관계가 없었다.