• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.25_1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2015

This paper took Jeonkyeong (典經) of Daesunjinrihoe(大巡眞理會) as the basic text and studied how Kangjeungsan(姜甑山), the Sangje (上帝), had embraced Chinese myth in process of formation of his religious thought focusing on Yan Emperor(炎帝) Shennong(神農) myth and Shanrangang(禪讓) myth (namely Danchu myth). First when we examine the myth surrounding Kangjeungsan's birth, it deeply emraced a feeling-birth myth(感生神話), we could realize that this is a universe motif through myth of hero birth in East Asia. Further judging from the analysis of geographic space of Kangjeungsan's activity, it included a variety of mythical and Daoist related place names. I think this is because of the fact that birth place of Kangjeungsan and the surrounding area is the locality of Xian(仙) tradition where major characters of Danhak sect(丹學派) have been turned out, and that Korean way of Xian suppressed by the regulatory system has been widely rooted in the public. Especially it's interesting that Jeungsan, the pen name of Kangjeungsan, ambiguously connotes Siru mountain(甑山), a place of his training, and the spiritual realm of the 『Zhouyicantongqi(周易參同契)』. Then I examined the God of fire Shennong myth which has been actively admitted and embraced by Kangjeungsan. Kangjeungsan put the root of his pedigree on Shennong and there is a close affinity between Shennong and Dongyi(東夷) such as Buyeo(夫餘), Goguryeo(高句麗), etc. These Dongyi spirits are losers against the Chinese major myth and beings of ressentiment. At the same time the predecessor of Jiutianyingyuanleishengpuhuatianzun(九天應元雷聲普化天尊) who shares mythical characteristics with the God of fire Shennong was a formerly Taishi(太師) Wenzhong(聞仲) of Yin(殷) dynasty. He was defeated and died by Zhou(周) dynasty, and was deified. The fact that Kangjeungsan regarded himself as a descendent of Shennong and possessed divinity of Jiutianyingyuanleishengpuhuatianzun connotes that he represents all beings of ressentiment such as family of Yin and Dongyi. However, Kangjeungsan set a religious milestone by turning revenge for such ressentiment at tribe level into religious sublimation. At the end Shanrang myth which has been critically embraced by Kangjeungsan was reviewed. According to the existing Shanrang myth, Danchu(丹朱) was unworthy and not succeeded in the succession to the throne. Then good natured Emperor Shun(舜) succeeded to the throne from Emperor Yao(堯). However, the reality of Shanrang myth was a violent change of sovereign power and Danchu was a victim in the process of such violent change. Kangjeungsan shrewdly grasped the reality of ancient China and cast light on presence of Danchu. And he emphasized the need of religious sublimation of revenge, Haewon(解冤). His such awareness of culture had a close relation with revisionist standpoint of independent Danhak sect expressing a skeptical glance at systematic, commensurate and authentic historical view of Chinese civilization. And further Kangjeungsan cosmologically and causationally reinterpreted revenge of Danchu. He established a universal salvation theology which has a corresponsive connotation in regard to embracement of Shennong myth. In conclusion, embracement of Chinese myth by Kangjeungsan was a creative work of reinterpretation resulting in an inherent religious connotation through a process of appropriation, that is independent and selective introjection.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 1999

Purpose : Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare X-linked disorder associated with renal tubule resistance to arginine vasopressin (AVP). The hypothesis that the defect underlying NDI might be a dysfunctional renal AVPR2 has recently been proven by the identification of mutations in the AVPR2 gene in NDT patients. To investigate the association of mutations in th AVPR2 gene with NDI, we analyzed the AVPR2 gene located on the X chromosome. Methods : We have analyzed the AVPR2 gene in a kindred with X-linked NDI. The proband and proband's mother were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing of the AVPR2 gene. We also have used restriction enzyme analysis of genomic PCR product to evaluate the AVPR2 gene. Results : C to T transition at codon 202, predictive of an exchange of tryptophan 202 by cysteine(R202C) in the third extracellular domain was identified. This mutation causes a loss of Hae III site within the gene. Conclusion : We found a R202C missense mutation in the AVPR2 gene causing X-linked NDI, and now direct mutational analysis is available for carrier screening and early diagnosis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and trend of Landrace and Yorkshire pigs, which were raised on private farms from 1999 to 2005 and tested for their reproductive performance by the Korea Animal Improvement Association. Prior to analysis, records without pedigree or having value with larger than±3×standard deviation for the Total number of born were excluded. The effects of breed and environmental factors were estimated with least square method(Harvey, 1979), and estimation of breeding values and genetic parameters were performed on the data of 1’st litter only with GIBBSF90(Misztal, 2001) which was programmed according to Gibbs Sampling method based on Bayesian Inference by Gianola and Fernando(1986), Jensen(1994) and others. Gibbs sampling was performed 50,000 times for each parameter, and the first 5000 samples were regarded as those in burn-in period and thus, excluded for post hoc analysis. Total number of born and total number of accident were statistically significant(p<0.01) for the breed, farrowing year, farrowing season and parity effects, and the number born alive at birth was statistically significantp<(0.01) for the breed, farrowing year, farrowing season and parity effects. No particular trend was observed in the genetic and phenotypic improvement of the total number of born and number born alive at birth before 2001, when the piglet registration system started, but the tendencies of increasing for the total number of born and number born alive and decreasing for the total number of accident were observed since 2001. Somewhat higher heritability estimates of our study seems to be attributed to the situations that first parity records with poor farrowing performances were used in the analyses and it was impossible to obtain accurate reproductive performance due to the absence of criteria for record keeping at the level of individual farms.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

This study was conducted to estimate the Genomic Estimated Breeding Value (GEBV) using Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) method in Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) population. The result is expected to adapt genomic selection onto the national Hanwoo evaluation system. Carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BT), and marbling score (MS) were investigated in 552 Hanwoo progeny-tested steers at Livestock Improvement Main Center. Animals were genotyped with Illumina BovineHD BeadChip (777K SNPs). For statistical analysis, Genetic Relationship Matrix (GRM) was formulated on the basis of genotypes and the accuracy of GEBV was estimated with 10-fold Cross-validation method. The accuracies estimated with cross-validation method were between 0.915~0.957. In 534 progeny-tested steers, the maximum difference of GEBV accuracy compared to conventional EBV for CW, EMA, BT, and MS traits were 9.56%, 5.78%, 5.78%, and 4.18% respectively. In 3,674 pedigree traced bulls, maximum increased difference of GEBV for CW, EMA, BT, and MS traits were increased as 13.54%, 6.50%, 6.50%, and 4.31% respectively. This showed that the implementation of genomic pre-selection for candidate calves to test on meat production traits could improve the genetic gain by increasing accuracy and reducing generation interval in Hanwoo genetic evaluation system to select proven bulls.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 2011

This study was undertaken to reveal the relationship between genetic variations and the basic coat color classification system in Jeju horses. Genetic variations of the melanocortinreceptor 1 (MC1R) and agouti signaling protein (ASIP) genes were investigated using pyrosequencing technique. A nucleotide substitution mutation for MC1R g.901C>T and an ASIP 11-bp deletion mutation were screened. Black horses had MC1R $E^+$/- ($E^+/E^+$ or $E^+/E^e$) and ASIP $A^a/A^a$ genotypes. In contrast, chestnut horse genotypes were MC1R $E^e/E^e$ and ASIP -/-. Thus, black and bay horses have at least one dominant MC1R allele, $E^+$, whereas chestnut horses have homozygous recessive alleles $E^e/E^e$. This suggests that the MC1R genotypes determine chestnut or black/bay coat color, regardless of the genotype distribution of ASIP. In addition, the horses with MC1R $E^+$/- and a dominant ASIP $A^A$/- allele showed bay coat color, but not black, suggesting that the ASIP $A^A$ allele represses black coat color development in the hairs of the body, but not in the mane and all four legs. Pedigree analysis showed a consistent relationship between the genotype distribution of the MC1R and ASIP genes and basic coat color patterns, even in the $F_1$ progeny. The results of this study revealed the relationship between the coat color phenotype and genetic background and suggested that useful information may be provided for molecular breeding of Jeju horses.