• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2005

Headache is a common complaint in pediatric office practices as well as in children presenting to emergency departments. Children who complain of headache usually are brought to medical attention by their parents, who seek reassurance that the headaches are not a sign of a serious illness. The etiologies of headache range from school problems to brain tumors. A history taking, physical examination, and appropriate diagnostic testing will enable to distinguish primary headaches from those of a secondary etiology. The clinical, neuroimaging, and laboratory evaluation of the child with headache are reviewed here.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2015

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder reported rarely in dentistry. Dental practitioners should know the features of PWS because affected patients have a variety of dental symptoms. The current report describes a case of PWS. An 18-year-old male patient presented with traumatic injuries. Initial emergency treatments were performed under sedation, and further treatments were conducted under general anesthesia. After adequate healing, periodic follow-up and dietary management according to the patient's age and nutritional phase were recommended. Dental management of PWS patients consists of active preventive measures in addition to dietary consultation according to age and nutritional phase.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.122-125
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• 2009

Purpose: Stitching out in facial simple laceration on children, we use No.11 blade. But the procedure is technically demanded to take care of the uncooperative pediatric patient. When we suture a laceration on the pediatric patient, we apply this method using ribbon shaped knot. On stitching out, We pull one the edge of a stitching fiber easily without injury about normal tissue. Methods: We studied 54 pediatric patients who have facial lacerations for children under six years old, from May, 2006 to December, 2007 in Plastic Surgery department, emergency room. Among them 35 were male, 19 were female and age average was 3.9. Results: For following up dressing, ribbon shaped knot did not get loose. After stitching out in facial laceration on children, Major complication of infection, hematoma, dehiscence was not found. Conclusion: The advantage of this operation method using ribbon shaped knot when we Stitch out the fiber on the incorporative pediatric patients, is easy to perform and to reduce the stitching time, without sedation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.97-99
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• 2016

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2023

Purpose: The impact of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) on gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy procedures in adults has been reported, with a drastic reduction in the number of procedures. However, there are no sufficient data regarding the impact on pediatric GI endoscopy. Here, we aimed to report that impact in the Asia-Pacific region. Methods: A questionnaire-based internet survey was conducted from June to November 2021 among pediatric endoscopy institutions in the Asia-Pacific region, with each institution providing a single response. Overall, 25 questions focused on the impact of the number of procedures conducted, the usage of personal protective equipment (PPE), and endoscopy training programs during the pandemic. Results: A total of 162 institutions across 13 countries in the Asia-Pacific region participated in the study, and 133 (82.1%) institutions underwent procedure changes since the emergence of COVID-19. The number of esophagogastroduodenoscopy and ileocolonoscopy procedures decreased in 118/133 (88.7%) and 112/133 (84.2%) institutions, respectively. Endoscopy for patient with positive COVID-19 in an emergency or urgent cases still carried out in 102/162 (62.9%) institutions. Screening of COVID-19 for all patients before endoscopy was done across 110/162 (67.9%) institutions. PPE recommendations varied among institutions. Pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy training programs were discontinued in 127/162 (78.4%) institutions. Conclusion: This study reports the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy in the Asia-Pacific region. There has been a significant reduction in the number of endoscopic procedures and relevant training programs.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권49호
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• pp.308.1-308.10
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• 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the structure, organization, management, and staffing of pediatric critical care (PCC) in Korea. Methods: We directed a questionnaire survey for all Upper Grade General Hospitals (n = 43) in Korea in 2015. The first questionnaire was mainly about structure, organization, and staffing and responses were obtained from 32 hospitals. The second questionnaire was mainly about patients and management. Responses to second questionnaire were obtained from 18 hospitals. Results: Twelve from 32 Upper Grade General Hospitals had pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and 11 of them had the PICU which was exclusive for children. Total number of PICU beds in Korea was 113. The ratio of the number of PICU beds to the number of children was 1:77,460 in Korea and this ratio is lower than that of other developed countries. The mean number of beds in the PICUs was $9.4{\pm}9.3$ (range, 2-30). There were 16 medical doctors who were assigned for PCC and only 5 of them were full time pediatric intensivists. In the 18 Upper Grade General Hospitals that responded to the second questionnaire survey, there were 97 patients in the PICUs with an average number of $5.7{\pm}7.2$ (range, 0-22) on the survey day. The mean age of the patients was $3.4{\pm}5.6$ years. The mean length of hospital stay was $82{\pm}271days$. The mean Pediatric Risk of Mortality score III was $9.4{\pm}7.8$ at the time of admission to the PICUs. Conclusion: There is a considerable shortage of PICU beds compared to those in developed countries. In addition, the proportion of PICUs with PCC specialists is much lower than those in the US and European countries.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of?children with fall-down injuries according to age groups and to analyze the major trauma groups that were treated at the emergency room (ER). Methods: Among 1,222 children under age 6 who were treated at the ER from January 2008 to December 2009, a retrospective study was conducted through examination of medical records. The children were classified by age into 3 groups: infant, toddler, and pre-schooler. In each group, the differences between the causative factors that led to the fall-down injuries were analyzed. Also, ISS (Injury Severity Score) score above 4 was classified as major trauma, and an ISS score 0-1 was classified as a minor trauma. The relationship between major trauma and age group was also analyzed. Results: Through an analysis of child fall-down injuries, men (56.6%), toddler (47.3%), head-related symptoms (72.9%), furniture-related traumas (80.2%), and falls from less than a 1-m height (69.9%) were found to be common factors. Furthermore, in radiological studies, fractures and brain hemorrhages accounted for 16.9% of major traumas, and simple skull fractures were the most common (21.4%). Distributed according to age group, the factors relevant to fall injuries were fall height and head-related symptoms for infants, accident site, fall height and head-related symptoms for toddlers, and accident site for pre-schoolers (p<0.05). Also, headrelated symptoms and fall height were independent factors of major trauma in all age groups. However, major traumas (17.3%) were related to dumped trauma, fall height and accident site (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study was mainly about head-related injuries, and toddler were most common victims. The relevant factors for the major trauma were falling height for infants, accident site and falling height for toddlers, and accident site, falling height for pre-schoolers.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2014

Purpose: Nasal bone fractures are the most common childhood facial bone fractures, with an incidence of about 39%. While taking a nasal bone x-ray is a common modality used in the emergency department, reports have expressed concerns with its low sensitivity and low specificity. Our study was aimed at comparing accuracy of physical and x-ray examination with that of facial bone computed tomography (CT). Methods: Electronic medical records (EMR) were retrospectively reviewed for patients under the age of 15 who visited our emergency department from January 2010 to December 2011with a chief complaint of nasal pain due to trauma and who had also undergone a nasal bone x-ray and facial bone CT. Patients who had not taken facial bone CT, who had been transferred, and who did not have EMR were excluded. We divided the patients into 2 groups, those who had nasal bone fractures and those without a fracture on their facial bone CT. We analyzed other parameters such as age, sex, and type of fracture to find statistical differences between the two groups. Results: A total of 209 patients were included. The patients with nasal bone fractures on their facial bone CT were older, and their traumas were more violent. Ten patients who had apparent nasal bone fractures on their facial bone CT had no definite signs of a fracture on their plain x-ray. Conclusion: Though facial bone CT is an effective modality in detecting nasal bone fractures, in evaluating younger patients suspected of having nasal bone fractures, prudent use of facial bone CT is needed to reduce unnecessary exposure to radiation.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2020

Influenza is a common disease that causes epidemics yearly due to the influenza virus. If patients with influenza present with rare symptoms, the diagnosis may be delayed and the condition is difficult to treat. A 5-year-old boy presented to the emergency room with fever and cramps. Brain computed tomography showed low attenuation in the thalamus and brain stem, which was suggestive of encephalopathy caused by influenza virus. Another 5-year-old girl visited the emergency room with mild fever and painful calf edema. She was diagnosed with myositis caused by influenza and treated accordingly.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.127-130
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• 2004

Appendectomy is the most common emergency surgical operation in children. The laparoscopic treatment of pediatric appendicitis is controversial, particularly in complicated cases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and open appendectomy (OA) for simple and perforated appendicitis (SA, PA) in children. A total of 188 patients, operated from January 1992 to September 2003, were reviewed. Ninety-one patients underwent OA (65 SA and 26 PA) and 97 had LA ( 67 SA, 30 PA). There was one conversion of LA to OA in PA. Operative time for LA was longer for OA in PA (55.8 vs. 45.7 min; p=0.0467). Recovery of bowel movement, diet starting time, length of hospital stay for LA were significantly shorter than those for OA. Postoperative complication rate was not different between LA and OA in each group. Laparoscopic appendectomy is a safe and effective method for both simple and perforated appendicitis.