• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2009

Depending on the definition used, between 3% and 10% of live neonates are small for gestational age (SGA). The definition of SGA requires the following: (1) accurate knowledge of gestational age; (2) accurate measurements at birth of weight, length, and head circumference; (3) a cutoff, which has been variably set at the 10th percentile, 3rd percentile, or at less than 2 standard deviation from the mean, and (4) race and ethnicity-specific growth curve. Consensus statements are needed on the management of growth hormone therapy in SGA children, as well as treatment and long-term health outcomes such as impaired cognitive function, increased risk of adult cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 1977

178 naturally exfoliated maxillary deciduous central incisors, 149 deciduous lateral incisors of children at exfoliation stage were studied on the degree and the tendency of the root resorption, and the age of exfoliation of the deciduous central and lateral incisors. The results were as follows; 1. The root of maxillary deciduous central and lateral incisors tended to be resorbed disto-lingually. 2. The age of exfoliation of maxillary deciduous central incisor was 7.27 year in male, 7.01 year in female, and the age of exfoliation of maxillary deciduous lateral incisor was 8.22 year in male, 7.77 year in female. 3. The exfoliation age of maxillary deciduous central and lateral incisors was earlier in female than in male.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 1981

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to measure and analyze the width and length changes of dental arches at age 7 to 9. 66 children were selected for this study. Stone models obtained from these children were measured and analyzed annually. The results were as follow. 1. The widths of upper arch increased by age both in males and females except the region of second deciduous molars. 2. The widths of lower arch increased by age significantly both in males and females. 3. The lengths of dental arches increased by age both in males and females at anterior portion. ; did not increase at Posterior portion. 4. The upper widths of males were wider than those of females at age 9, but no significant difference were present at age 7 and 8. 5. The differences of the lower widths between males and females were not present except the region of the second deciduous molars (E-E) at age 7. 6. There were few differences between the lengths of males and females except the posterior lengthes at age 7. 7. The widths and lengths of upper arches were difinitely wider and longer than lower arches.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 1977

The Author measured the position of the mandibular foramen with oblique cephalography in 43 5-aged, and 44 7-aged Korean children. The results of the studies were as follows; 1) The distance from the post. occlusal plane to the mandibular foramen was $3.16{\pm}1.22mm$. in age 5 and $1.86{\pm}1.50mm$. in age7 to the below. 2) The meeting point of the occlusal plane and anterior of the ramus to the mandibular foramen was $16.56{\pm}2.18mm$. in age5 and $16.88{\pm}2.69mm$. in age7. 3) The angulation between the occlusal plane and the line connecting the mandibular foramen and the meeting point of anterior border of the ramus with occlusal plane was $12.70{\pm}4.31^{\circ}$ in age5 and $8.27{\pm}5.36^{\circ}$ in age7 to the below. 4) % depth was $56.93{\pm}5.65%$ in age 5 and $53.20{\pm}7.12%$ in age 7. 5) The price of distance and angulation showed significant results at 0.01 level in KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV (TWO-SAMPLE) TEST.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 2011

Tracheoesophageal fistula without esophageal atresia (H-type TEF) is a congenital anomaly that is characterized by a fistula between the posterior wall of the trachea and the anterior wall of the esophagus, not accompanied by esophageal atresia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic time, the side of cervical approach and short term result after surgery by searching medical records of patients treated for H-type TEF. The search was done at University of Ulsan, Department of Pediatric Surgery of Asan Medical Center, and the total number of patients from May 1989 to December 2010 was 9 with M:F ratio of 1:2. The median gestational age was $39^{+6}$ ($32^{+6}{\sim}41^{+0}$) wks. Seven out of nine patients were born at term and the other two were born premature. The clinical presentation was aspiration pneumonia, difficulty in feeding, chronic cough, vomiting, abdominal distension and growth retardation. The symptoms presented right after birth. The diagnosis was made with esophagography and the median time of diagnosis was 52 days of life. The majority of surgical corrections were performed within two weeks of diagnosis (median; 15d, range; 1d - 6m). Six patients had associated anomalies, and cardiac anomalies were most common. The cervical approach was utilized in all cases (right 2, left 7). Transient vocal cord palsy and minor esophageal leakage complicated two cases. Although the diagnosis of H-type TEF was difficult and often delayed, we had a good short term result. The left cervical approach was preferred.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.26-34
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• 2019

This descriptive convergence research is to get basic data for educational program by investigating awareness on pediatric nurses and nursing prospects after pediatric clinical practicum among 143 junior nursing students. Using SPSS/Win 21.0, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression were carried out. The awareness of subjects on pediatric nurses was $4.09{\pm}0.61$ on a scale of 5, which was higher than the traditional and social ones, and nursing prospects' was $3.31{\pm}0.65$ on a scale of 5. There're significant differences partially in awareness on pediatric nurses according to sex, age, satisfaction in nursing and practium hospitals. Awareness on nursing prospects of those who had average satisfaction in nursing was higher than others(p<.002). There was a positive correlation between subvaribles of awareness on pediatric nurses and nursing prospects(r=.287~.510, p<.01), Traditional and social awareness were the significant factors on nursing prospects in hierarchical multiple regression, and the explannation rate was 29.2%(p<.001). It's needed to raise awareness on nursing prospects by improving traditional and social awareness on pediatric nurses.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.357-367
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• 2022

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a disease characterized by repeated hypopnea and apnea during sleep due to complete or partial obstruction of upper airway. The prevalence of pediatric SDB is approximately 12 - 15%, and the most common age group is preschool children aged 3 - 5 years. Children show more varied presentations, from snoring and frequent arousals to enuresis and hyperactivity. The main cause of pediatric SDB is obstruction of the upper airway related to enlarged tonsils and adenoids. If SDB is left untreated, it can cause complications such as learning difficulties, cognitive impairment, behavioral problems, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and poor growth. Pediatric dentists are in a special position to identify children at risk for SDB. Pediatric dentists recognize clinical features related to SDB, and they should screen for SDB by using the pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ), lateral cephalometry radiograph, and portable sleep monitoring test and refer to sleep specialists. As a therapeutic approach, maxillary arch expansion treatment, mandible advancement device, and lingual frenectomy can be performed. Pediatric dentists should recognize that prolonged mouth breathing, lower tongue posture, and ankyloglossia can cause abnormal facial skeletal growth patterns and sleep problems. Pediatric dentists should be able to prevent these problems through early intervention.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2003

Purpose: To find out the differences in eating habits between poor feeding and non-poor feeding children. Methods: We performed questionnaires on 504 children under four years of age who visited hospitals in Gwangju city and JaollaNamdo from May to August, 2002. Results: 138 (27.4%) children were included in poor feeding group, and 366 (72.%) children were in non-poor feeding group. Breast feeding rate was 18.8% in the poor feeding group and 20.3% in the non-poor feeding group. Duration of breast feeding for less than six months were noted in 70.5% of poor feeding group, and 58.5% of non-poor feeding group. The time at starting solid food in the poor feeding group was as follows; 15.9% of infants started on solid food when they were 2~4 months old, 32.7% during 4~6 months, 38.1% during 6~8 months and 18.8% over one year of age. Solid food was given in wrongly manners in both groups by nursing bottles, including 80.4% in poor feeding group and 66.6% in non-poor feeding group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated close relationships among poor feeding children under four years of age with history of low rate and short duration of breast feeding, inappropriate time to start on solid food, less interest in food during mealtime, and unbalanced diet. Pediatricians should make an effort to play an important role in nutritional education and treatment in children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.189-201
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to survey guardian's opinion on assisting pediatric radiography and their level of awareness of radiation, improving the quality of pediatric radiography. In this study, the recognition was analyzed for 210 parents of child patients in Pusan National University Hospital from August 20 to September 15, 2013. A total of 66.2 percent of the respondents said they had participated in pediatric radiography in the past. The reason why they did is "Radiologist's request", the highest. According to the survey, 84.3 percent said they thought it is necessary to attending patient in pediatric radiography. "The stability of the child" is the reason for it. And respondents who thought there's no need to do that answered back, the reason for this is "Radiologist's work." There was a significant difference on the psychological state for the medical radiation by gender and child age. (p<0.05) In the analysis of recognition for the radiation, there was the significance by gender and education. (p<0.05) Regarding the awareness of the radiation protector, there was a statistical significance in age, gender, child age and education. (p<0.05) Considering the results, pediatric patient's guardians recognized that it is necessary to attend a child on X-ray for their child's stability and accurate exam above all. It must make guardians wear X-ray protector and radiologist should let the guardians recognize the X-ray examination method, before starting pediatric x-ray. It needs to improve the atmosphere of the examination room and to be considered to take visual and auditory approaches in comfort for reducing the children's fear and anxiety.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.51-60
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of Hwangryunhaedock-tang on Atopic Dermatitis Methods: This study population was 71 pediatric allergic rhinitis patients who had been treated in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ hospital. All the patients were asked to answer the questionnaire consisting of 8 questions about symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Results: 1. The total scores from the same questionnaire about atopic dermatitis symptoms were significantly improved after the treatment compared to the scores before the treatment. 2. The score about papule/induration/edema, effusion/furuncle, and subjective symptoms at night were significantly improved in all groups after the treatment compared to the scores before the treatment. 3. The effect of Hwangryunhaedock-tang increase markedly with advancing age. The effect of Hwangryunhaedocktang increases markedly with advancing age. Conclusions Traditional Korean herbal medication; Hwangryunhaedock-tang is effective in treating pediatric atopic dermatitis.