• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2021

The number of big traffic accident cases of pedestrian death appeared to be minor, however compared to death rate in car to car accidents is very high and quite a few of the pedestrian death rates among all traffic accidents are counted to be almost 40%. Previous pedestrian safety studies were mostly aimed at reducing the degree of pedestrian injuries from a vehicle to pedestrian collision, and less at preventing a collision itself. This research was conducted with a method of using road facilities to prevent vehicles from rushing into the sidewalk. This research used one of the collision analyzing programs, called PC-Crash to simulate the vehicle rushing into the sidewalk. Based on the program, it could derive an optimal safe zone location where the pedestrian can wait for the pedestrian light safely. Also, changing road facilities such as pedestrian light pillars or signal controllers can widen 440% compared to the present safe zone. Accordingly, researchers have to consider a method to analyze and apply pedestrian safe zones along with road facilities location when designing a road.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2007

The type of pedestrian accident can be characterized by vehicular frontal shape and the height of pedestrian. The trajectory of pedestrian after collision by passenger car is different from that by bus due to vehicular frontal shape. The frontal shape of SUV vehicles is dissimilar to passenger car and bus. So, the trajectory and throw distance of pedestrian by SUV vehicles is not the same of passenger car and bus. In this paper, a series of pedestrian kinetic simulation were conducted to inspect the difference in throw distance between SUV vehicle and passenger car and bus by PC-CRASH that is the program for kinetic analysis of articulated body. From the results, if the height of pedestrian is taller than 1.70m, there is no difference in throw distance between SUV vehicle and passenger car, but if the height of pedestrian is about 1.55m throw distance of SUV vehicle is about 4m longer than that of passenger car at each impact speed. The throw distance of pedestrian by Bus is shorter than that of passenger car and SUV at each impact speed.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2009

The fatalities of pedestrian account for about 40.0% of all fatalities in Korea 2005. Vehicle-Pedestrian accident generates trajectory of pedestrian. In pedestrian involved accident, the most important data to inspect accident is throw distance of pedestrian. The throw distance of pedestrian can be influenced by many variables. But existing studies have been done for simple factors. The variables that influence trajectory of pedestrian can be classified into vehicular factors, pedestrian factors, and road factors. The trajectory of pedestrian, dynamic characteristics of multi-body were analyzed by PC-CRASH, a kinetic analysis program for a traffic accident. PC-CRASH enables an analyst to investigate the effect of many variables. The influence of the offset of impact point was analyzed by Working Model. Based on the results, the variables that influence trajectory of pedestrian were vehicular frontal shape, vehicular impact speed, the offset of impact point, the height of pedestrian, friction coefficients of pedestrian. However the weight of pedestrian did not affect trajectory of pedestrian considerably.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

교통사고는 단일요인에 의해 발생하기도 하지만 대부분 다양한 요인이 복합적으로 작용하여 교통사고의 사후분석시 명확한 인과관계를 규명하는데 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 초보운전자에 의한 교통사고를 대상으로 교통사고의 심각도에 영향을 주는 요인들에 대해 분석하였다. 사고발생 시 인명피해가 큰 보행자-차량 교통사고의 사고 심각도를 종속변수로 설정하고 사고 심각도의 증가에 유의한 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단되는 성별, 연령, 교통법규위반 횟수, 교통사고위치 등의 운전자 특성에 관련된 각종 변수들을 독립변수로 설정하여 운전자 운전 경력에 따라 분류하였다. 이항 로지스틱 회귀분석(BLR)을 적용하여 운전경력별 사고심각도 영향 요인을 도출하였다. 분석결과, 운전경력 그룹에 관계없이 운전자 연령, 교통법규위반 횟수, 교통사고위치가 보행자-차량 교통사고 심각도 증가에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제시한 교통사고 심각도에 영향을 미치는 운전자 특성은 향후 운전자 인적 특성과 더불어 도로환경 및 차량관련 요소에 관련된 교통사고 심각도에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석에 효과적으로 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2007

According to the pedestrian protection regulations of Europe and Japan, the head injury must not exceed a limitation in the defined test condition for the protection of pedestrians from a vehicle crash. However, it is difficult to evaluate the performance of protection because each regulation has different test conditions such as dummy, impact speed and so on. This circumstance needs the development of a model that describes the anthropometry of the crash victim with a sufficient accuracy. We constructed scaled pedestrian dummies using MADYSCALE. Simulations were performed for various crash speeds and pedestrian postures. The scaled Korean dummies and HybridIII dummies were used to compare the pedestrian dynamic behaviors and head injury criteria during the collision. The HIC values of scaled korean dummies were found to be higher than those of Hybrid III dummies. The impact for gait posture was less than that for standing.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2007

The fatalities of pedestrian account for about 40.0% of all fatalities in Korea 2005. Vehicle-Pedestrian accident generates trajectory of pedestrian. In pedestrian involved accident, the most important data to inspect accident is throw distance of pedestrian. The throw distance of pedestrian can be influenced by many variables. The variables that influence trajectory of pedestrian can be classified into vehicular factors, pedestrian factors, and road factors. Vehicular factors are the frontal shape of vehicle, impact speed of vehicle, the offset of impact point. Many studies have been done about the relation between impact speed and throw distance of pedestrian. But the influence of the offset of impact point was neglected. The influence of the offset of impact point was analyzed by Working Model, and the trajectory of pedestrian, dynamic characteristics of multi-body were analyzed by PC-CRASH, a kinetic analysis program for a traffic accident. Based on the results, the increase of offset reduced the throw distance of pedestrian. However box type vehicle just like bus, the offset of impact point did not influence the throw distance of pedestrian considerably.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2012

In 2014 Flex-PLIfor the pedestrian protection will be applied to NCAP test. The most significant feature of Flex-PLI is constructed with segmental bone cores for the femur and tibia regions. So it can be more reproducible by representing pedestrian injuries such as knee ligament and tibia injury during the pedestrian crash against vehicle. In this paper, Analyzed the characteristics of Flex-PLI through the structural analysis and the test results by using Flex-PLI for our compact vehicles. Finally countermeasures into compact vehicle were proposed to fulfill the injury criteria of Flex-PLI.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2010

The fatality of pedestrian accounts for about 21.2% of all fatality at 2007 year in Korea. In car to pedestrian accident it is very important to inspect the throw distance of pedestrian after collision for exact reconstructing of the accident. The variables that influence on the throw distance of pedestrian can be classified into the factors of vehicle and pedestrian, and road condition. It was simulated by PC-CRASH, a kinetic analysis program for a traffic accident in sedan type vehicle and SPSS program was used for regression analysis. From the results, the throw distance of pedestrian increased with the increasing of vehicle velocity, and decreased with the increasing of impact offset. Also it decreased with the increasing of velocity of pedestrian at accident, and throw distance at the road condition of wet was longer than that at dry condition. Finally, the regression model of sedan type vehicle on the throw distance of pedestrian was as follows; $$dist_i=2.39-0.11offset_i+0.59speed_i-545height_i-0.25walk_i+2.78wet_i+{\epsilon}_i$$.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2009

The fatalities of pedestrian account for about 21.2% of all fatalities at 2007 year in Korea. To reconstruct exactly the accident, it is important to calculate the throw distance of pedestrian in car to pedestrian accident. The frontal shape of SUV vehicle is dissimilar to passenger car and bus, so the trajectory and throw distance of pedestrian by SUV vehicle is not the same of passenger car and bus. The influencing on it can be classified into the factors of vehicle and pedestrian, and road factor. It was analyzed by PC-CRASH for simulation, and SPSS s/w was used for regression analysis. From the simulation results, the maximum impact energy of multi-body of pedestrian was occurred to that of torso body at the same time. And the throw distance increased with the increasing of impact velocity, and decreased with the increasing of impact offset. Also it decreased with the increasing of velocity of pedestrian at accident, and the throw distance of wet road was longer than that of dry road. Finally, the regression analysis model of SUV(Nissan Pathfinder type)vehicle in car to pedestrian accident was as follows; $$disti_i=-0.87-0.11offseti_i+0.69speed_i-4.27height_i+0.004walk_i+0.63wet_i+{\epsilon}_i$$.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2002

차량과 보행자의 충돌시에는 충돌의 원인을 규명하는데 필요한 선회특성이 나타나게 된다. 지금까지의 연구에서는 보행자의 운동형태를 기초 물리학에서 유도된 공식으로 표현하였다. 그 결과 차량과 보행자의 다양한 변수에 대해 충분한 고려를 하지 못하였다. 그러한 한계를 극복하기 위하여 동역학적 시뮬레이션 프로그램인 MADYMO를 이용하여 다양한 조건하에서의 보행자 충돌 형태를 시뮬레이션하였다. 시뮬레이션에서 차체와 보행자 더미는 강체, 조인트, 스프링으로 모델링하였다. 보행자 시뮬레이션은 차량의 속도별로 수행되었으며 그 결과를 이전의 기초 물리학 공식과 비교하였는데 이전의 공식은 보행자의 상태조건을 제대로 반영하지 못함을 알수 있었다. 따라서, 보행자 충돌시에 차량과의 충돌현상에 대해 명확히 설명해 주는 동역학적 시뮬레이션을 사용하여야 한다.