• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2013

PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the length of the pectoralis minor on muscle activity of trapezius and pectoralis major in subjects in subjects with shortened pectoralis minor muscle. METHOD : The subjects was participated in 36 with shortened pectoralis minor muscle. All subjects was examined the length test of pectoralis minor muscle. we divided by 3 groups. group I(n=12) was for 4~5cm of length of pectoralis minor muscle, group II(n=12) was for 5~6cm, group III(n=12) was for above 6cm. The EMG activity of upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius and pectoralis major muscle activity was measured by surface EMG while elevationg the right arm in sitting postion with head to the neutral, shoulder elevation $135^{\circ}$ with scaption. Data were analyed using one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test. RESULT : The EMG activity differed significantly among the three groups(p<.05). The group III had significantly greater EMG activity of upper trapezius and pectoralis major muscles than group I and II(p<.05). Also, The group III had significantly smaller EMG activity of lower trapezius muscle than group I and II(p<.05). But, these was no significant difference in the EMG activity of the middle trapezius muscle among the groups (p.05). CONCLUSION : Therefore, the result of this study should be suggested that the shortened pectoralis minor muscle was affected the EMG activity of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius and pectoralis major. Ultimately the length of the pectoralis minor muscle leads to the muscle imbalance in shoulder girdle.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three exercise programs on forward head posture. Methods: Ninety-five individuals were recruited to assess the of the pectoralis minor muscle. Of these, 36 individuals with pectoralis minor muscles were selected and randomly divided into three groups: a functional massage group, a stretching group, and a stretching and muscle strengthening group. The exercise program consisted of sessions four times per week for two weeks. The length of pectoralis minor and the activity of the trapezius muscles were measured using electromyography. Forward head posture was assessed using the craniovertebral angle (CVA) and the cranial rotation angle (CRA) pre-, during and post-treatment. Result: Significant improvements were observed in pectoralis minor length, CRA, and CVA post-treatment in all groups (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). However, only the activity of the lower trapezius demonstrated a statistically significant difference post-treatment. There were no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that all three exercise programs were effective in improving forward head posture and the length of pectoralis minor post-treatment.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of Kinesiology taping followed by pectoralis minor muscle self-stretching on the rounded shoulder posture, neck range of motion, and upper trapezius muscle tone in subjects with a rounded shoulder posture. METHODS: Thirty adults with a rounded shoulder posture were assigned randomly to one of two groups, either one that only performed pectoralis minor muscle self-stretching or a group that performed pectoralis minor muscle self-stretching after applying Kinesiology taping ; the subjects underwent four weeks of intervention. Three rounds of intervention were carried out over four weeks, and before and after the experiment, rounded shoulder posture, neck range of motion, and upper trapezius muscle tone creep were measured. RESULTS: Following the interventions, both the experimental and control groups showed significant improvement in the rounded shoulder posture, neck range of motion, upper trapezius muscle tone, stiffness, relaxation, and creep. Significant differences in the post training gains in the rounded shoulder posture and neck range of motion were observed between the experimental and control groups. CONCLUSION: These results showed that a combination of Kinesiology taping and pectoralis minor muscle self-s tretching led to more significant improvement than that seen when only utilizing the application of pectoralis minor muscle self-stretching to change the posture of the subjects with a rounded shoulder posture.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2023

Purpose: The study examined the effect of dynamic taping and Kinesio Taping intervention on round shoulder posture, pectoralis minor length, craniovertebral angle, and balance in 20s adults with rounded shoulder posture. Methods: A total of 20s Adults with rounded shoulder posture were recruited and randomized to Group I (n = 15) and Group II (n = 15). Group I performed dynamic taping. Group II performed Kinesio Taping. Round shoulder posture and pectoralis minor length were measured using a tape measure. The craniovertebral angle was measured using a goniometer. Balance was measured using Biorescue. Results: As a result of comparison within groups, groups I and II showed a significant difference for round shoulder posture, pectoralis minor length, craniovertebral angle, and balance after the experiment (p < 0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group showed a more significant difference in round shoulder posture, pectoralis minor length, craniovertebral angle, and balance than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that dynamic taping intervention was effective in round shoulder posture, pectoralis minor length, craniovertebral angle, and balance in 20s adults with rounded shoulder posture.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of scapular alignment on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the trapezius in people with a short pectoralis minor muscle. For the study, we recruited 15 volunteers who had positive results for short on a pectoralis minor muscle length test. We measured the EMG activity of the upper, middle and lower trapezius muscles. The participants lifted their dominant arm to ear level with the thumb up toward the ceiling in the prone position on a table with the shoulder at a flexion angle of 180 degrees and a horizontal abduction angle of 120 degrees. Scapula was manually aligned by an experienced physical therapist prior to arm lift for the scapular alignment condition. A paired t-test was used to compare the effects of scapular alignment on the EMG activity of the trapezius muscles. The EMG activity of the lower trapezius muscle was significantly increased during the test with the scapular alignment compared to that without scapular alignment (p<.05), while the upper trapezius and middle trapezius exhibited no significant difference between the two conditions (p>.05). The findings of this study suggest that a scapular alignment may alter the recruitment of the lower trapezius muscle during arm lifting in the prone position in people with a short pectoralis minor muscle.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2019

본 연구는 여대생의 라이프 케어 증진을 위한 둥근 어깨 자세의 작은가슴근, 어깨 가동성, 목 관절 가동 범위 의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 둥근 어깨 자세를 가진 성인 여성 80명을 대상자로 선정하였다. 대상자가 누운 자세에서 어깨의 높이를 측정하여 둥근 어깨 자세를 측정하였고, 작은가슴근의 길이, 어깨 가동성, 목 관절가동범위를 측정하여 상관분석을 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 오른쪽 둥근 어깨와 목 폄의 상관계수는 -.23(p<0.05)이었다. 오른쪽 작은가슴근 지수와 목 왼쪽 가쪽 굽힘의 상관계수는 -.25(p<0.05)이었고, 오른쪽 작은가슴근 지수와 목 굽힘 상관계수는 -.25(p<0.5)이었다. 왼쪽 어깨 가동성과 목 왼쪽 가쪽 굽힘의 상관계수는 -.23(p<0.05)이었고, 왼쪽 어깨 가동성과 목 오른쪽 돌림의 상관계수는 -.23(p<0.5)이었으며, 왼쪽 어깨 가동성과 목 왼쪽 돌림의 상관계수는 -.25(p<0.05)로 통계학적으로 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로 오른쪽의 둥근 어깨가 심할수록 목폄이 감소하였고, 오른쪽 작은가슴근이 단축될수록 목 왼쪽 가쪽 굽힘과 목 굽힘이 감소하였으며, 왼쪽 어깨 가동성이 증가할수록 목 왼쪽 가쪽 굽힘은 감소하였고, 오른쪽 돌림과 왼쪽 돌림이 감소하였음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2017

Background: Rounded shoulder posture (RSP), a postural abnormality, might cause shoulder pain and pathologic conditions. Although most previous research has investigated RSP focusing on the proximal structures of the shoulder, such as the scapula and pectoralis muscles, the relationship between RSP and anterior distal structures of the upper extremity, such as the biceps brachii muscle and elbow joint, is not clearly understood. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the correlations between RSP and the biceps brachii length, elbow joint angle (EJA), pectoralis minor length, general pectoralis major length, humeral head anterior translation (HHAT), glenohumeral internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), and horizontal adduction (HAD). Methods: Twelve subjects with RSP (6 male, 6 female) were recruited. All subjects fulfilled the RSP criteria indicated by a distance ${\geq}2.5cm$ from the posterior aspect of the acromion to the table in the supine position. The examiner measured each of the following parameters twice: RSP, biceps brachii length, EJA, pectoralis minor length, pectoralis major length, HHAT, glenohumeral IR, ER, and HAD. Pearson's correlation coefficient(r) was used to assess the correlation between RSP and all the variables. Results: There was a significant moderate positive correlation between RSP and biceps brachii length (r=.55, p=.032), moderate negative correlation between RSP and pectoralis minor length (r=-.62, p=.015), and moderate positive correlation between RSP and HHAT (r=.53, p=.038). Conclusion: The biceps brachii length, pectoralis minor length, and HHAT could be used to evaluate patients with RSP. Better understanding of the correlation between these factors and RSP could help in the development of effective methods to treat patients with this condition in clinical management.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.943-951
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• 1999

Thoracic outlet syndrome's chief symptom has numbness and tingling sensation of tharm, hand and fingers. In the morning, patient complain of pins and needles of the hands and weakness. TOS classified three categories : Anterior scalene syndrome, Claviculocostal syndrome, Pectoralis minor syndrome Physical therapy of the TOS is heat, massage for soft tissue, stretching exercise for scalene muscles and pectoralis minor muscles, and strengthening exercise for upper trapezius and levator scapular and neck muscles. A main problem of soft tissue is mechanical causes, so physical therapists have to solve that problem by mechanical manual methods.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) pectoralis minor stretching and lower trapezius strengthening exercise on posture change, shoulder range of motion (ROM), and pain in rotator cuff repair patients with a rounded shoulder posture (RSP). Methods: Following baseline measurements, the subjects (n = 25) with rotator cuff repair were randomized into two groups: the PNF group (n = 13), which engaged in PNF pectoralis minor stretching and lower trapezius strengthening exercise, and the control group (n = 12), which received traditional physical therapy. Each group participated in the intervention five times per week for two weeks. The RSP values for the postural changes, flexion and abduction ROM, and visual analogue scales (VASs) of both groups were recorded at both pre- and post-intervention. In addition, before and after the intervention, a paired t-test was conducted to compare the within-group changes and an independent t-test to compare the between-group differences. Results: After the two-week intervention, both groups experienced significantly decreased RSP and VAS values (p < 0.05) and a significantly increased ROM (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the PNF group showed greater improvements in RSP, ROM, and VAS than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that PNF pectoralis minor stretching and lower trapezius strengthening exercise reduce posture and shoulder pain and enhance ROM in rotator cuff repair patients with RSP.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.380-386
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• 2019

어깨관절 통증은 성인의 약 20% 정도가 일생에 한 번 이상 경험하는 매우 흔한 근골격계 질환이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 작은가슴근 신장운동에 의해 어깨뼈봉우리 밑 공간이 증가하여 충돌증후군 및 어깨통증에 긍정적인 효과가 있다는 객관적 평가를 실시하고, 작은가슴근 자가 신장운동이 도수 신장운동과 비교하여 작은가슴근의 길이와 봉우리 위팔 거리에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 경상북도 소재의 대학교에서 성인 남녀 30명을 대상으로 하여 대상자가 스스로 작은가슴근 자가 신장운동을 실시하는 실험군 15명과 치료사에 의해 수행되는 작은가슴근 도수 신장운동을 적용한 대조군 15명으로 두 그룹을 무작위 배치하여 치료의 즉각적인 효과를 비교하였다. 어깨뼈봉우리 위팔 거리를 측정하기 위해 초음파 장비를 사용하였고, 작은가슴근 길이를 측정하기 위해 4번째 늑골과 복장뼈가 만나는 부위 그리고 오훼돌기 아래측면 사이의 거리를 재었다. 연구결과 실험군과 대조군 모두 그룹 내에서 작은가슴근의 길이와 봉우리 위팔 거리 모두 유의하게 증가되었고(p<.05), 그룹 간 비교에서는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p>.05). 이러한 결과는 작은가슴근의 자가 신장운동이 충돌증후군 및 어깨질환의 예방 및 치료에 효율적인 운동방법으로 제시될 수 있다고 사료된다.