• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.372-389
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study is to select a simple and easy measurable food behavior checklist for the development of Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for children, which reflects children's diet quality, as well as to evaluate the validity of the items in the food behavior checklist. The first 36 items in the checklist were established by an expert review, modifying the preliminary 50 items in the checklist, which had been selected by a literature review and the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. 341 children in 5th and 6th grades at an elementary school participated in a one-day dietary record survey, and later responded to 36 food behavior questions of the checklist. Pearson's correlation coefficients between the responses to the food behavior checklist items along with the mean nutrient intakes of the children were calculated. From the result, in which responses of food frequency and food behavior items showed certain association with the dietary record data, a second checklist with 22 items was selected. A survey was conducted by using the second checklist. 1,393 children in the 5th and 6th grades at 12 elementary schools in metropolitan cities, such as Seoul, Busan, Gwangju, Daegu, Daejeon, and Incheon, participated in the survey. Further, an exploratory factor analysis was performed. After the analysis, 19 items (10 items from food frequency and 9 items from food behavior) were finalized as the food behavior checklist items for the NQ. The final 19 food behavior checklist items were composed of 5 factors: 'Balance', 'Diversity', 'Moderation', 'Regularity', and 'Practice'. This study is a significant first trial to establish a comprehensive system for evaluating children's food habit and diet quality. This checklist might need continuous modification and revision reflecting the change of children's dietary life and the social environment.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 2016

Purpose - Although various studies have been conducted on the stress of service employees, there are still lack of studies regarding job stress and job satisfaction of call center workers. Especially there are quite few studies on the job stress according to employment type. This study focused on job stress and job satisfaction for call center employees and the correlation between the two factors and aimed to provide basic materials for seeking for the plans to reduce job stress and improve job satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - Frequency, percentage, and mean value were calculated through descriptive statistics in order to find out demographic characteristics, level of job stress, and job satisfaction. Differences in job stress according to employment type were calculated by using one-way ANOVA. Correlation between job stress and job satisfaction were identified through empirical analysis with Pearson's correlation coefficient. 150 materials were used for final analysis. The collected materials were analyzed to get statistics by using SPSS 20. Results - First, as for the job stress of call center workers, overall mean value was 2.54 in 4-point scales. Among the six sub-factors, job demands had the highest score, which was 2.67. Second, as for the job stress according to employment type, others showed higher score than mean value followed by contract job and full-time job in that order, in terms of job insecurity and organizational system. In terms of inappropriate remuneration, contract job showed higher score than mean value followed by others and full-time job. Third, as for the satisfaction with job, the mean value was 2.37 in 4-point scale and "very much satisfied" was only 3.3%. Lastly, in terms of job stress and job satisfaction, all sub-factors except for job demands showed significant correlation. The more job stress increased, the more job satisfaction decreased. Conclusions - First, as a result of analyzing job stress according to the employment type of call center workers, job stress increased more when the employment type was not full-time. Therefore, it was assumed that self-rescue efforts should be followed for effective employment management of call center business where contract employment takes most part as well as efforts to transfer them to full-time job. Second, decrease in job satisfaction of call center workers may affect the performance of an organization as well as service quality of the company providing the service. Therefore, various supports are required to decrease job stress and increase job satisfaction for call center workers through the expansion of rest area or break time. Third, I could recognize that there were lack of academic research on call center business in the whole service industry. Therefore, further research should be conducted more actively in the future. In particular, this study has special significance in the aspect that there were few studies on the job stress of call center workers according to employment type.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제20권7호
• /
• pp.674-682
• /
• 2020

최근 산업화 및 인구과밀화로 인해 대기오염에 대한 문제가 세계적 관심사로 대두되고 있다. 대기 오염은 인간의 건강에 다양한 악영향을 초래할 수 있는데, 그 중 본 연구에서 관심을 둔 천식과 같은 호흡계 질환은 직접적 영향을 받을 수 있다. 기존의 연구에서는 임상 데이터를 활용하여 상대적으로 적은 표본을 기반으로 천식과 같은 질환에 대기 오염 인자가 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 파악하였다. 이는 수집 표본 별 일관성이 없는 결과를 초래할 소지가 다분하며, 의료계 종사자 이외에는 연구의 시도가 어렵다는 점에서 큰 한계를 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 정부에서 공개하는 대기 환경 데이터와 천식 발병 빈도 수에 대한 데이터를 기반으로, 실제 천식 발병 빈도를 예측하는 것에 연구의 주안점을 두었다. 본 연구는 시차를 적용한 피어슨 상관계수를 통해 각 대기오염 인자가 천식 발병에 어느 정도의 시차를 가지고 유의한 영향을 주는지를 검증하였다. 검증결과를 기반으로 구축된 학습데이터는 딥러닝 알고리즘에 활용되며, 천식 발병 빈도의 예측에 최적화 된 모델을 설계하였다. 모델의 평균 대비 오차율은 약 11.86%로 타 머신러닝 기반의 알고리즘 대비 우수한 성능을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 제안한 모델은 국가 보험 체계 및 보건 예산 관리에서의 효율화 및 병원에서의 의료 인력 배치 및 수급에의 효율성 또한 제공할 수 있다. 또한 만성 천식 질환자에 대한 대기 환경별 발병 위험에 대한 조기 경보를 통해 국민 건강 증진에 기여할 수 있다.

• 산경연구논집
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.93-104
• /
• 2018

Purpose - This study is to investigate the relationship among emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of foreign life insurance consultants focusing on the mediating effect of self-efficacy. Regarding job security, in general foreign life insurance companies in Korea have more severe working conditions in terms of required contract performance. For foreign life insurance consultants, they are assumed to need higher level of emotional intelligence and self efficacy to meet the conditions. In this study, focus is cast on these aspects. Research design, data, and methodology - Basically the research is conducted upon questionnaires responded by foreign life insurance consultants. That is, data are collected from 255 sample of insurance consultants who work for a foreign owned life insurance company. The Questionnaire measure the level of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of insurance consultants. The data are analyzed using pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Durbin-Watson test. Results - The general characteristics of respondents are gender, age, marital status, education level, income monthly, career length, change jobs no, working day per week, call no. per week, meeting no. with client per week, contract regularity, contract no. per month and cancellation contract per year. The mean of emotional intelligence is 2.63, self-efficacy is 3.44 and job stress is 2.20. Emotional intelligence is composed with mean value of self emotion appraisal(3.93), other's emotion appraisal(3.78), regulation of emotion(3.29) and use of emotion(3.52). The mean of self efficacy is composed with mean value of self-confidence(3.41), self-regulated efficacy(3.59) and preference task difficulty(3.30). The job stress is composed with mean value of job requirement(2.61), lack of job autonomy(1.99), conflict of personal relations(1.99), job instability(2.38), organizational system(2.19) and inappropriate compensation(2.07). There is a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. The emotional intelligence and self-efficacy are significantly negative correlation with job stress. The self-efficacy is showed a mediating variable between emotional intelligence and job stress. Conclusions - To decrease job stress level, foreign life insurance company should find the factors to improve the emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of life insurance consultants, and develop appropriate plans using a mediating role of self- efficacy between emotional intelligence and job stress.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.417-425
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study were to a) investigate operation of human resource in contract foodservice management company (CFMC), b) identify the staffing indices for the establishment an labor productivity for CFMC, and c) develop standardized model of staffing demand as foodservice's scale in CFMC. The data was collected using FS intra-net system from 138 contract-managed foodservice operations in A CFMC and statistical analysis was completed using the SAS/win package (ver. 8.0) for description analysis, ANOVA, Duncan multiple comparison, pearson correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The types of operation were included factory (45%), small scale operation (26%), office (11%), department store (10%), training institute (4%), and hospital (3%). The distribution of foodservice scale was classified by meal served was as follows; 'less than 500 meals (47%)', 'from 500 to 1500 meals (25%)', 'from 1500 to 2500 meals (17%)', and 'more than 2500 meals (12%)'. There was two types of contract method, fee-contract (53%) and profit-and-loss contract (46%) Some variables were significantly high operation indices such as selling price, food cost, monthly sales, net profit and others were significantly low operation indices such as labor, meal time a day in the small foodservice on meal scale (p<.001). The more foodservice was large, the more human resource was disposed on dietitian, cook, cooking employee altogether (p<.001). Foodservice in A CFMC was divided into 2 groups by 500 meals a day, according to comparative analysis of labor productivity as meal scale per working hour, meal scale a day and operation indices as meal per foodservice employee, meal per cooking employee (p<.001). The regression equation model was developed as 'the number of employees=1.82+0.014 ${\times}$ meal served' in the operation of less than 500 meals, 'the number of employees=9.42+0.013 ${\times}$ meal scale a day -0.94 ${\times}$ meal scale per working hour' in the operation over 500 meal scale using labor productivity indices and operation indices. Therefore, CFMC could be enhanced efficiency of human resource arrangement using the standardized model of staffing demand and would be increased effectiveness of profit.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of treatment with osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) on quality of life (QOL) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Another aim is to assess the relationship between change in QOL and other factors including children's symptoms and academic performance or parents' depression and parenting stress. Methods : A total of 111 medication-naive children with ADHD in a multicenter, open-label, 12-week trial of OROS-MPH completed an evaluation using diverse rating scales at two time points; at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. Scales for investigation of children included the Parent Report Form-Children's Health and Illness Profile-Children's Edition (PRF-CHIP-CE) on QOL, the ADHD Rating Scale-IV on symptoms, and the Academic Performance Rating Scale (APRS). The Beck Depression Inventory and Parenting Stress Index were used for assessment of their parents. Results : Total scores for mean PRF-CHIP-CE increased from $207.9{\pm}26.7$ at baseline to $226.3{\pm}25.9$ after 12 weeks of treatment (p<.001). The change of APRS showed the strongest correlation with the increment of PRF-CHIP-CE scores (Pearson coefficient=0.561, p<.001), even after controlling for other factors (partial correlation coefficient=0.420, p<.001). Conclusion : Treatment with MPH-OROS results in improvement of QOL in children with ADHD in Korea. The advance in academic performance plays a key role in this change of QOL.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.61-71
• /
• 2007

Objectives: The research was conducted to evaluate the socio-demographic, life style and work related factors of stress and fatigue, and correlation between them in the white collar workers. Methods: This study was targeted on white collar workers of medium-sized company in Kimhae city including 249 people; 167 of males, 82 of females. The data was collected by structured questionnaires and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS 12.0. Result: Both stress and fatigue levels were higher for female of gender, 20s of age, single of marital status in socio-demographic factors. The stress level was higher for current smokers and lower frequency of regular exercise per week, and both stress and fatigue levels were higher for unsatisfied sleeping in lifestyle factors. The stress level was lower for 5-day workweek system and experience of downsizing, and both stress and fatigue levels were higher far lower period of employment in work related factors. The correlation coefficient(r) between stress and fatigue level was 0.578, which was highly statistically significant. According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors affecting stress were unsatisfied sleeping, female and lower frequency of regular exercise per week, and those affecting fatigue were younger age and unsatisfied sleeping. Conclusion: This study provided strong support for associations between stress and fatigue, and we suggest that modifiable factors such as regular exercise and satisfied sleeping would be important for white collar workers to reduce their stress and fatigue.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제43권9호
• /
• pp.1431-1438
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 국내 노인의 삶의 질과 영양개선 및 건강을 증진시킬 수 있는 기초자료를 얻고자 실시된 단면연구로서 재가 노인의 식욕부진 유병 상태를 조사하고, 식욕부진과 관련된 사회 인구학적 특성, 병리적 특성과 심리 특성 및 일상생활 수행능력 등을 조사하였다. 자료 수집은 서울, 경기, 충북 지역의 65세 이상 재가 노인 419명을 대상으로 2012년 9월에서 12월까지 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 일대일 면접방법으로 수행하였다. 연구 결과 국내 노인의 식욕부진 유병률은 전체 응답자 가운데 35.1%였고, 특히 남성노인의 식욕부진 유병률이 여성노인보다 유의하게 높았다. 남성노인의 식욕부진은 중추신경계 질환을 진단받은 경우가 가장 많았고 여성노인의 경우 식욕부진은 내분비 질환이 있는 경우가 가장 많았다. 또한 우울증 증상이 있거나 일상생활에서 의존도가 높은 경우 식욕부진이 현저한 것으로 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 국내 재가 노인들의 식욕부진이 심각한 수준임을 알 수 있었고, 노인의 식욕부진은 생리적 특성과 병리적 특성은 물론 우울과 같은 심리적 특성과도 깊은 상관성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 향후 노인의 식욕부진 개선이나 예방을 위하여 구체적인 영양중재와 영양치료가 필요하며, 노인인구 증가에 따라 노인의 식욕증진을 고려한 노인식품 개발이 시급히 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같은 제한점을 갖는다. 본 조사는 단면연구이므로 연구 결과에서 나타난 식욕 수준에 관련된 인자들이 노인의 식욕부진 원인으로 작용했는지는 알 수 없다. 따라서 추후 보다 대표성을 갖는 한국 노인을 대상으로 노인의 식욕부진 유병률의 조사는 물론 식욕부진과 관련된 원인 규명을 위하여 횡단연구가 필요하다. 또한 노인을 일대일 대면하여 자가보고 하는 방법으로 자료를 수집하였으므로 문항에 따라서는 노인에 따라 사실보다 과장하거나 축소하는 등 응답 수준이 주관적일 수도 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 본 연구에서 나타난 식욕부진과 관련된 인자들은 선행 연구와 유사하며 따라서 자가보고에 의한 사회적 기대 효과는 다소 적었다고 판단된다. 향후 재가노인의 범위를 성별, 연령별, 지역별, 거주형태별 등으로 일치시키고 확대하여 노인의 식욕부진 실태와 관련 인자 연구의 확대를 제안한다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.569-588
• /
• 1992

This study examined the relationship between the experience of stressful life events and somatic symptoms of urban women. Data were collected by interviewing 200 women from June to July 1, 1991. Vsable data work obtained from 162 of the women. Modified version of a stressful life events measurement tool developed p.5. Lee (1984) and the Somatic Discomfort Inventory by Wittenborn were used to measure the variables. Data were processed by an 5.p.5.5. program and analyzed. statistically for percentage, T-test, ANOYA and Pearson Correlation coefficient. Result of the Study are as follows : 1) The group total mean score of stressful life events was 92.66 $\pm$ 10.41. The higher scores in the $\boxDr$Test and school$\boxUl$ of the Extrapersonal factor, in the $\boxDr$Health problems$\boxUl$ of the Intrapersonal factor and $\boxDr$Conflict and differences within the family$\boxUl$ of the Interpersonal factor, factors. which a suggested by Neuman's model. 2) The group total mean score for somatic symptoms was 100.41$\pm$9.74. The higher scores were for the factors of $\boxDr$Fatigue (1.94)$\boxUl$, $\boxDr$Menopause (1.74)$\boxUl$, $\boxDr$Muscular system(1.67)$\boxUl$ and $\boxDr$Sleeping (1.67)$\boxUl$ 3) The mean scores of stressful life events were higher in the 40~60 age group, for middle school graduates(P＜.05), career women and those in nuclear families (P＞.05). 4) The mean scores of somatic symptoms were higher in the 45~60 age group, for middle school graduates, non career women and women with 5 or more children(P＜.05). 5) There was a positive correlation between the scores of stressful life events and somatic symptoms (r＝.585 P＜.05). The higher the level of stressful life events the higher the score of somatic symptoms, the results were consistent with the Extrapersonal, Intrapersonal and Interpersonal stress factors of Neuman's Health Care Systems. This research assessed the stressful life events of women, who play the most important role in the family for illness prevention and health promotion and suggested the importance of programs in the Primary Health Services to build basic coping resources.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.145-161
• /
• 1998

This correlational study sought to find the relationship among women's health status and the level of importance & performance of postpartal care. One hundred thirty three women who live in Seoul and rural area including hospitalized in a general hospital and midwifery clinic were studied from 1st April, 1998 to 25th April, 1998 for 25 days. Data analysis consisted of frequency, percentage, Pearson Correlation Coefficiency, t-test, ANOVA and Sheffe test as a post hoc, using SPSS. The results of analysis were as follows ; mean age of respondents was 31.9 years and mean number of children was 1.8. The most of family type was nuclear family and lived int apartment. Mean frequency of pregnancy was 2.7 times and most women delivered at local clinic, general or University hospital. Mean period of after delivery was 53.7 month. The level of importance and performance of traditional postpartal care (Sanhujori) was more higher than hospital postpartal care. The level of importance, performance of postpartum care and health status had significant relationship. The higher level of importance was, & the higher level of performance was higher, and the higher degree of health status. The factors related to health status were postabortal sahujori period after abortion, nuclear family, the evaluation of sahujori, whether women and followed the caregiver's advice well or not and whether they have physical symptoms or not, at the level of $5{\sim}0.1%$ of significance statistically. The factors related to the level of importance of postpartal care were the number of child, present health status and health status of pre-post of delivery, deliver place and the opinion of effective postpartum care method at the level of $5{\sim}0.1%$ of significance statistically. The factors related to the level of performance of postpartal care were delivery place, the opinion of whether they can do at the hospital or not and whether they have physical symptom or not at the level of $1{\sim}0.1%$ of significance statistically. In conclusion, this finding reconfirmed the relationship among women's health status and the postpartal care. It provides a challenge to the health professional caregivers to research continually and repeatedly and confirm the conceptual model of Sanhujori, reestablish effective and integrative postpartal caring system which contains oriental and western paradigm for women's life long health toward the 21C.