• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.244-247
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• 2018

Quantitative analysis for non-host infection bacteriophage was conducted for their enumeration. Flow cytometry and epifluorescence microscopy (EPM) were selected as counting methods. Correlation analysis was performed based on the plaque assay method on the existing host infection and consisted of Pearson correlation statistical analysis, regression analysis, and difference analysis. Analyses of 12 samples with flow cytometry and plaque assay methods showed that there was a correlation of 96.7% with Pearson correlation value r=0.967, $R^2$ 0.9352, and difference value of 1.063. Analyses of 12 samples with EPM and plaque assay methods showed that there was a correlation of 99.0% with Pearson correlation value r=0.990, $R^2$ 0.9811, and difference value of 1.605. Therefore, flow cytometry and epifluorescence microscopy would be effective for enumeration of Weissella cibaria bacteriophage with plaque assay.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2003

Watermark detection has a crucial role in copyright protection of and authentication for multimedia and has classically been tackled by means of correlation-based algorithms. Nevertheless, when watermark embedding does not obey an additive rule, correlation-based detection is not the optimum choice. So a new detection algorithm is proposed which is optimum for non-additive watermark embedding. By relying on statistical decision theory, the proposed method is derived according to the Bayes decision theory, Neyman-Pearson criterion, and distribution of wavelet coefficients, thus permitting to minimize the missed detection probability subject to a given false detection probability. The superiority of the proposed method has been tested from a robustness perspective. The results confirm the superiority of the proposed technique over classical correlation- based method.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 1999

This study is a descriptive research to identify lifestyle for health promotion, health condition, and degree of life satisfaction based on Korean elderly's physical constitution. The interviewee of this research was 53 outpatients of Oriental herbal medicine hospitals who are the residents either in Seoul or Taegu city. The data collection was performed during the March to the November of 1999. The research tools used for the measurement of the lifestyle for health promotion was "The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile" developed by Walker, Sechrist and Pender. Measurement of the health condition was carried out using CMI(Cornell Medical Index) developed by Brodman, Erdmann, Lorge and Wolff. The Index for degree of the life satisfaction of elderly developed by Yun Jin was utilized to measure the degree of life satisfaction. Data analysis was performed using SPSSWin 9.0 software. In some cases, frequency, percentile, t-test, ANOVA or Pearson Correlation was also used to meet the specific research purposes when necessary. Tukey test was done for the post test. The conclusions are as follows. 1) The ANOVA test showed a significant difference in the lifestyle for the health promotion depending on physical constitutions of the interviewee. According to the Tukey test, 태음인 ($103.67{\pm}16.81$) performed better lifestyle for the health promotion than SOEMIN(少陰人, $85.34{\pm}12.69$) and 소양인($88.47{\pm}16.81$) (F=6.72, p=.003). 2) The result of the Pearson Correlation showed a positive correlation between the lifestyle for health promotion and health condition. As a result, the group practicing lifestyle for health promotion maintained a good health condition. Result of the Pearson Correlation also showed a proportional correlation between the lifestyle for health promotion and life satisfaction. Accordingly, the group practicing lifestyle for health promotion maintained a high degree of life satisfaction. Finally, the result of the Pearson Correlation showed a proportional correlation between the health condition and the degree of life satisfaction. Consequently, the group in a good health condition showed the high degree of life satisfaction.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.153-159
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• 2013

Purpose: The level of the implant above the marginal bone and flap design have an effect on the bone resorption during the healing period. The aim of this study is to detect the relationship between the level of the implant at the implant placement and the bone level at the healing period in the mesial and distal side of implants placed with flapless (FL) and full-thickness flap (FT) methods. Methods: Twenty-two nonsubmerged implants were placed with the FL and FT technique. Periapical radiographs were taken of the patient at implant placement, and at 6 and 12 weeks. By using computer software, bone level measurements were taken from the shoulder of the healing cap to the first bone implant contact in the mesial and distal side of the implant surface. Results: At 6 weeks, the correlation between the crestal bone level at the implant placement and crestal bone level of the FT mesially was significant (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.675, P<0.023). At 12 weeks, in the FT mesially, the correlation was nonsignificant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.297, P<0.346). At 6 weeks in the FT distally, the correlation was nonsignificant (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.512, P<0.107). At 12 weeks in the FT distally, the correlation was significant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.730, P<0.011). At 6 weeks in the FL mesially, the correlation was nonsignificant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.083, P<0.809). At 12 weeks in the FL mesially, the correlation was nonsignificant (Spearman correlation coefficient= 0.062, P<0.856). At 6 weeks in the FL distally, the correlation was nonsignificant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.197, P<0.562). At 12 weeks in the FL distally, the correlation was significant (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.692, P<0.018). Conclusions: A larger sample size is recommended to verify the conclusions in this preliminary study. The bone level during the healing period in the FT was more positively correlated with the implant level at implant placement than in the FL.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the correlation between the asymmetric ratio of occlusal force of the temporomandibular joint and the thickness of the middle scalene muscle. Methods: The study measured the occlusal force of the right and left temporomandibular joints in 30 subjects (12 males and 18 females). Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to examine the effect of occlusal force on the asymmetric ratio of the thickness of their middle scalene muscles by measuring the force using ultrasound after the break. Results: The correlation between the asymmetric ratio of occlusal force and muscle thickness is 0.41, according to Pearson's correlation coefficient. Therefore, the result shows a moderate correlation with the asymmetric ratio of the temporomandibular joint depending on differences in the thickness of the middle scalene muscle. Conclusion: Based on the above results, the asymmetric ratio of occlusal force was found to correlate with the thickness of the middle scalene muscle. Thus, therapeutic intervention is required for the middle scalene muscle in the case of temporomandibular joint disorder.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2022

This excerpt delineates a quantitative measure of relationship between a research title and its respective abstract extracted from different journal articles documented through a Korean Citation Index (KCI) database published through various journals. In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based similarity metric that does not assume normality on dataset, realizes the imbalanced dataset problem, and zero-variance problem that affects most of the rule-based algorithms. The advantage of using this algorithm is that, it eliminates the limitations experienced by Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and additionally, it solves imbalanced dataset problem. A total of 107 journal articles collected from the database were used to develop a corpus with authors, year of publication, title, and an abstract per each. Based on the experimental results, the proposed algorithm achieved high correlation coefficient values compared to others which are cosine similarity, euclidean, and pearson correlation coefficients by scoring a maximum correlation of 1, whereas others had obtained non-a-number value to some experiments. With these results, we found that an effective title must have high correlation coefficient with the respective abstract.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.155-166
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• 2008

The quantitative bivariate spatial pattern analysis was applied for the water quality and nutrients data of Masan Bay, and for this analysis Pearson's r as aspatial correlation measurement, Moran's I as spatial association measurement and L index as integration of aspatial and spatial measurement methods were used. To understand the aspatial and spatial characteristics implicated in L index, Pearson's r as well as Moran's I were classified into 3 types respectively, and Pearson's r and Moran's I were combined with 9 types, and also quantile of L index value was used for each of those 9 types. Finally, these types were defined as 5 groups having not overlapped L index range. According to the application result of L index groups, bivariate water quality and nutrients showed no aspatial correlation regardless of spatial association in February and July, but they showed aspatial correlation having clustered spatial pattern in May and November. The result of this study providing the guideline for the interpretation of aspatial correlation and spatial association using L index is expected to be helpful for the marine environment pattern analysis using quantitative index for further study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the K-CPQ in 299 children with developmental disorder and non-disabled children to prove their level of participation in Korean children with developmental disabilities. In order to verify the reliability of the K-CPQ, Cronbach ${\alpha}$ was calculated and Pearson correlation analysis was used for test-retest reliability test. As a result, the internal consistency(${\alpha}=.81{\sim}.90$) in each area of K-CPQ was relatively high and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r=.807~.843) in the test-retest reliability test was significant in all areas(p<.01). It showed statistically significant difference in all areas(t=2.32~5.18) in comparison with the non-disabled children group in order to verify the discriminant validity of K-CPQ. For the criterion-related validity of the K-CPQ, Pearson correlation analysis of K-SMS and K-SFA shows statistically significant static correlation(r=.817, r=743) showed(p<.01). Through this study, K-CPQ has been confirmed as a reliable and reasonable assessment tool and we expect that diverse research by K-CPQ will provide appropriate interventions for children with disabilities.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.51-56
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• 2000

To assess the relationship between the severity of stenosis in MCA territory and the differentiation of syndromes in oriental medical aspects, the general characteristics, the scores of stroke-pattern identification, and the findings of MRA were compared in 18 acute cerebral infarction patientshospitalized in Dept. of Internal Medicine, Pundang CHA Oriental Medicine Hospital from 1998 sep. 1 to 1999 sep. 31. We compared the scores of stroke-pattern identification with the severity of stenosis by Kruskall-Wallis test, and analyzed the relationship by Pearson correlation test. The P value under 0.05 was regarded as significant. The results are as follows: The incidence of stenosis(mild to complete occlusion) was 83.3%. There were significant difference of the mean scores according to the severity of stenosis in Yin deficiency pattern. We could also observe a strong relationship between the severity of stenosis and Yin deficiency pattern, whose Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.655 (P<0.05). These results showed that Yin deficiency pattern could be a major cause of cerebral infarction.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2021

One of the major challenges in wireless body area networks (WBANs) is sensor fault detection. This paper reports a method for the precise identification of faulty sensors, which should help users identify true medical conditions and reduce the rate of false alarms, thereby improving the quality of services offered by WBANs. The proposed sensor fault detection (SFD) algorithm is based on Pearson correlation coefficients and simple statistical methods. The proposed method identifies strongly correlated parameters using Pearson correlation coefficients, and the proposed SFD algorithm detects faulty sensors. We validated the proposed SFD algorithm using two datasets from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care database and compared the results to those of existing methods. The time complexity of the proposed algorithm was also compared to that of existing methods. The proposed algorithm achieved high detection rates and low false alarm rates with accuracies of 97.23% and 93.99% for Dataset 1 and Dataset 2, respectively.