• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.439-449
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• 2006

This study was aimed at measuring the fishing capacity of Powered Anchovy Drag Net Fisheries (PADNF) in Korea using Peak-to-Peak(PTP) and Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) methods recommended by FAO. In the analysis, both fishing capacities of total PADNF and individual PADNF vessels were measured with time series data and cross sectional data, respectively. In addition, the results of the DEA measurement were analyzed in order to determine reduction levels of fishing capacity. In case of total PADNF, the results by rn and DEA methods showed a similar rate of capacity utilization (79%), indicating the capacity was not utilized enough. In addition, the sensitivity analysis suggested that the number of vessels should be reduced by 20%, and the gross tonnage and the horse power should be reduced by 20% and 21%, respectively if the current catch is to stay at the 2004 level. The DEA results on individual PADNF vessels indicated the capacity utilization was 75% on average, showing some differences in capacity utilization among vessels (31%-100%). The results of the study would be useful for measuring production efficiency in PADNF. They would also provide good policy information for efficient use of resources and capacity reduction levels, which are useful far vessel buyback programs of coastal and offshore fisheries.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2012

Purpose: The respiration is one of the most important factors in respiratory gating radiation therapy (RGRT). We have developed an unique respiratory guidance system using an audio-visual system in order to support and stabilize individual patient's respiration and evaluated the usefulness of this system. Materials and Methods: Seven patients received the RGRT at our clinic from June 2011 to April 2012. After breathing exercise with the audio-visual system, we measured their spontaneous respiration and their respiration with the audio-visual system respectively. With the measured data, we yielded standard deviations by the superficial contents of respiratory cycles and functions, and analyzed them to examine changes in their breathing before and after the therapy. Results: The PTP (peak to peak) of the standard deviations of the free breathing, the audio guidance system, and the respiratory guidance system were 0.343, 0.148, and 0.078 respectively. The respiratory cycles were 0.645, 0.345, and 0.171 respectively and the superficial contents of the respiratory functions were 2.591, 1.008, and 0.877 respectively. The average values of the differences in the standard deviations among the whole patients at the CT room and therapy room were 0.425 for the PTP, 1.566 for the respiratory cycles, and 3.671 for the respiratory superficial contents. As for the standard deviations before and after the application of the PTP respiratory guidance system, that of the PTP was 0.265, that of the respiratory cycles was 0.474, and that of the respiratory superficial contents. The results of t-test of the values before and after free breathing and the audio-visual guidance system showed that the P-value of the PTP was 0.035, that of the cycles 0.009, and that of the respiratory superficial contents 0.010. Conclusion: The respiratory control could be one of the most important factors in the RGRT which determines the success or failure of a treatment. We were able to get more stable breathing with the audio-visual respiratory guidance system than free breathing or breathing with auditory guidance alone. In particular, the above system was excellent at the reproduction of respiratory cycles in care units. Such a system enables to reduce time due to unstable breathing and to perform more precise and detailed treatment.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.37 no.1 s.70
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• pp.1-24
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• 2006

Reducing fishing capacity is one of current issues in the international fisheries. This is because that increased fishing capacity has caused not only fish stocks to be depleted, but also additional fishing costs to be incurred, which resulted in reduction of economically viability of fisheries. For this reason, FAO adopted the International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity' in 1999 and recommended member countries to estimate fishing capacity and to implement the policy to reduce fishing capacity. This study is aimed to measure fishing capacity of the Large Purse Seines Fishery that is one of offshore fisheries in Korea using both Peak - to - Peak Analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis in order to provide a policy information for preparation of domestic plan of action for the management of fishing capacity. The results of PTP Analysis were almost similar to those of DEA Analysis. The DEA results showed that the capacity utilization in 2004 was about 75%, it was obvious the capacity did not utilize enough. The sensitivity analysis on DEA results indicated that 24% of the number of ships, 26% of the tonnages, or 29% of the horse powers should be reduced if the present catch remained. In addition, if the catch remains at the MSY base level of large purse seines, the analysis suggested that the number of ships, tonnages and horse powers should be reduced by 15%, 18%, and 21% respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07c
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• pp.982-984
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• 1997

DSM activities have grown and matured over several years in Korea. KEPCO is currently offering some DSM programs in industrial, commercial, and residential customers such as rebate program in purchasing efficient measures. The systematic evaluation process of energy savings and peak reduction will be very important for deciding on the optimal investment of DSM activities in utilities in the future. In general, the estimation process of the potential savings of DSM activities include the determination of baseline electricity consumption, the instantaneous technical potential (ITP), the phased technical potential (PTP), the economic potential (EP), and the achievable potential (AP). The purpose of this article is to provide evaluation process of those DSM potential savings based on bottom-up approach and applicate to residential sector in Korea. In case study, ITP, EP are estimated to be respectively 21.5%, 5.7% of total energy consumption, and 4.1%, 2.5% of peak load in 2010.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.318-323
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• 2013

For fast and accurate motion of 6-axis articulated robot, more noble motion control strategy is needed. In general, the movement strategy of industrial robots can be divided into two kinds, PTP (Point to Point) and CP (Continuous Path). Recently, industrial robots which should be co-worked with machine tools are increasingly needed for performing various jobs, as well as simple handling or welding. Therefore, in order to cope with high-speed handling of the cooperation of industrial robots with machine tools or other devices, CP should be implemented so as to reduce vibration and noise, as well as decreasing operation time. This paper will realize CP motion (especially joint-linear) blending in 3-dimensional space for a 6-axis articulated (lab-manufactured) robot (called as "RS2") by using LabVIEW$^{(R)}$ (6) programming, based on a parametric interpolation. Another small contribution of this paper is the proposal of motion blending simulation technique based on Recurdyn$^{(R)}$ V7 and Solidworks$^{(R)}$, in order to figure out whether the joint-linear blending motion can generate the stable motion of robot in the sense of velocity magnitude at the end-effector of robot or not. In order to evaluate the performance of joint-linear motion blending, simple PTP (i.e., linear-linear) is also physically implemented on RS2. The implementation results of joint-linear motion blending and PTP are compared in terms of vibration magnitude and travel time by using the vibration testing equipment of Medallion of Zonic$^{(R)}$. It can be confirmed verified that the vibration peak of joint-linear motion blending has been reduced to 1/10, compared to that of PTP.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.783-790
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• 2023

Modern people have an increased incidence of metabolic diseases due to changed eating habits, and diabetes is considered the most significant metabolic disease. Given that existing diabetes treatments are accompanied by side effects, the aim of this study was to identify traditional natural products that have anti-diabetic activity. The potential anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities of natural products were examined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, α-glucosidase assay, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition assay. Methanol extracts of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Acer tegmentosum branches, Nelumbo nucifera seeds, and Carthamus tinctorius seeds were found to have high anti-diabetic activity and further fractionated with solvents using ethyl acetate and butanol. Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of C. tinctorius seeds (MG-11-E) with high α-glucosidase and PTP1B inhibitory activity was selected. MG-11-E was subjected to preparative thin layer chromatography, and fraction #6 showed high α-glucosidase and PTP1B inhibitory activity. Fraction #6 was analyzed and fractionated via high performance liquid chromatography with 50% methanol as the mobile phase, and anti-diabetic activity was observed in the sample that eluted after 4 min as a single peak. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity exhibited by this sample seemed to be greater than the PTP1B inhibitory activity; thus, it was concluded that a greater anti-diabetic therapeutic effect may be achieved by combining this agent with natural products that inhibit PTP1B activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.46-54
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• 2004

A cutting force model predicting the dynamic force induced by the axial vibration of it plate in face milling is introduced. When a plate face is milled, deformation in tool axial direction is considerable. Therefore, cutting forces are affected by not only inner-outer modulation in feed direction but also by axial deformation. A PTP (peak-to-peak) diagram made by the simulated dynamic force model is evaluated. The stability of the face milling process such as the chatter outset, and the stable cutting region can be simply estimated. Simulation results are compared with that of experiment.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2008

Purpose: In order to enhance the efficiency of respiratory gated 4-dimensional radiation therapy for more regular and stable respiratory period and amplitude, a respiration training system was designed, and its efficacy was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The experiment was designed to measure the difference in respiration regularity following the use of a training system. A total of 11 subjects (9 volunteers and 2 patients) were included in the experiments. Three different breathing signals, including free breathing (free-breathing), guided breathing that followed training software (guided-breathing), and free breathing after the guided-breathing (post guided-breathing), were consecutively recorded in each subject. The peak-to-peak (PTP) period of the breathing signal, standard deviation (SD), peak-amplitude and its SD, area of the one cycle of the breathing wave form, and its root mean square (RMS) were measured and computed. Results: The temporal regularity was significantly improved in guided-breathing since the SD of breathing period reduced (free-breathing 0.568 vs guided-breathing 0.344, p=0.0013). The SD of the breathing period representing the post guided-breathing was also reduced, but the difference was not statistically significant (free-breathing 0.568 vs. guided-breathing 0.512, p=ns). Also the SD of measured amplitude was reduced in guided-breathing (free-breathing 1.317 vs. guided-breathing 1.068, p=0.187), although not significant. This indicated that the tidal volume for each breath was kept more even in guided-breathing compared to free-breathing. There was no change in breathing pattern between free-breathing and guided-breathing. The average area of breathing wave form and its RMS in postguided-breathing, however, was reduced by 7% and 5.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The guided-breathing was more stable and regular than the other forms of breathing data. Therefore, the developed respiratory training system was effective in improving the temporal regularity and maintaining a more even tidal volume.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.201-209
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• 1996

Background : Auto-PEEP which develops when expiratory lung emptying is not finished until the beginning of next inspiration is frequently found in patients on mechanical ventilation. Its presence imposes increased risk of barotrauma and hypotension, as well as increased work of breathing (WOB) by adding inspiratory threshold load and/or adversely affecting to inspiratory trigger sensitivity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship of auto-PEEP with WOB and to evaluate the effect of PEEP applied by ventilator (external PEEP) on WOB in patients with auto-PEEP. Method : 15 patients, who required mechanical ventilation for management of acute respiratory failure, were studied. First, the differences in WOB and other indices of respiratory mechanics were examined between 7 patients with auto-PEEP and 8 patients without auto-PEEP. Then, we applied the 3 cm $H_2O$ of external PEEP to patients with auto-PEEP and evaluated its effects on lung mechanics as well as WOB. Indices of respiratory mechanics including tidal volume ($V_T$), repiratory rate, minute ventilation ($V_E$), peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), $T_I/T_{TOT}$, auto-PEEP, dynamic compliance of lung (Cdyn), expiratory airway resistance (RAWe), mean airway resistance (RAWm), $p_{0.1}$, work of breathing performed by patient (WOB), and pressure-time product (PTP) were obtained by CP-100 Pulmonary Monitor (Bicore, USA). The values were expressed as mean $\pm$ SEM (standard error of mean). Results : 1) Comparison of WOB and other indices of respiratory mechanics in patients with and without auto-PEEP : There was significant increase in WOB ($l.71{\pm}0.24$ vs $0.50{\pm}0.19\;J/L$, p=0.007), PTP ($317{\pm}70$ vs $98{\pm}36\;cm$ $H_2O{\cdot}sec/min$, p=0.023), RAWe ($35.6{\pm}5.7$ vs $18.2{\pm}2.3\;cm$ H2O/L/sec, p=0.023), RAWm ($28.8{\pm}2.5$ vs $11.9{\pm}2.0cm$ H2O/L/sec, p=0.001) and $P_{0.1}$ ($6.2{\pm}1.0$ vs 2.9+0.6 cm H2O, p=0.021) in patients with auto-PEEP compared to patients without auto-PEEP. The differences of other indices including $V_T$, PEFR, $V_E$ and $T_I/T_{TOT}$ showed no significance. 2) Effect of 3 cm $H_2O$ external PEEP on respiratory mechanics in patients with auto-PEEP : When 3 cm $H_2O$ of external PEEP was applied, there were significant decrease in WOB ($1.71{\pm}0.24$ vs $1.20{\pm}0.21\;J/L$, p=0.021) and PTP ($317{\pm}70$ vs $231{\pm}55\;cm$ $H_2O{\cdot}sec/min$, p=0.038). RAWm showed a tendency to decrease ($28.8{\pm}2.5$ vs $23.9{\pm}2.1\;cm$ $H_2O$, p=0.051). But PIP was increased with application of 3 cm $H_2O$ of external PEEP ($16{\pm}2$ vs $22{\pm}3\;cm$ $H_2O$, p=0.008). $V_T$, $V_E$, PEFR, $T_I/T_{TOT}$ and Cdyn did not change significantly. Conclusion : The presence of auto-PEEP in mechanically ventilated patients was accompanied with increased WOB performed by patient, and this WOB was decreased by 3 cm $H_2O$ of externally applied PEEP. But, with 3 cm $H_2O$ of external PEEP, increased PIP was noted, implying the importance of close monitoring of the airway pressure during application of external PEEP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.471-478
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• 2002

초음파를 사과의 비파괴 품질판정에 이용하기 위한 기초연구로서 계측된 저장기간에 따른 사과의 초음파 특성과 본 연구에서 계측된 사과의 기계적 특성을 이용하여 초음파에 의한 사과의 탄성계수 및 생물체항복강도 예측모델을 개발하고자 하였으며, 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. UTM을 이용하여 사과의 기계적 특성치를 분석하여 생물체항복점, 생물체항복변형량, 생물체항복강도, 파괴점, 극한변형량, 극한강도 및 탄성계수 등을 구하였다. 2. 사과의 기본 물성, 초음파 특성과 기계적 특성값 들을 분석한 결과 사과의 질량, 체적, 시간영역의 진폭(PTP), 제3영역 에너지 스펙트럼 밀도함수가 기계적 특성 중 생물체항복강도, 탄성계수와 높은 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 사과의 저장 기간, 질량, 체적, Peak-to-peak, 제3영역의 에너지값 등 5개의 독립변수를 가지는 다중선형회귀모형으로 사과의 탄성계수 및 생물체 항복강도 예측모형을 개발하였다.