• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.1211-1218
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 다목적 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 우수유출 저류지를 소유역에 분담하여 설치 계획하는데있다. 이를 위해 우수유출 저류지의 위치 및 규모를 최적화하기 위한 모형을 개발하였다. 이 모형은 크게 2가지로 나뉘어 지는데, 유역유출모형과 최적해를 구하기 위하여 도입한 다목적 유전자 알고리즘(MOGAs)이다. 이러한 최적화 모형을 모의하기 위하여 목적함수는 첨두유출량과 저류지 저류용량의 함수로 설정하고, 제한조건은 기본적으로 구조적 제한과 저류용량 및 운영목적에 따라 설정하였다. 본 연구를 위해 만들어진 최적화 모형은 안양시 관양유역에 실제 적용해 보았으며, 그 결과 주어진 제약조건내에서 상류지역에 저류지가 설치되는 경우가 최적값으로 나타난 것을 통해 적절하게 잘 모의된 것으로 보인다. 그밖에 On-line 및 Off-line 저류지가 동시에 건설되는 경우에도 함께 최적화 모의가 가능한지도 살펴보았다. 본 연구를 통해 제시한 방법론은 향후 도시유역내의 홍수피해 저감계획시 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2022

Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) are increasingly used as composite sections in structures owing to their excellent load bearing capacity. Therefore, predicting the mechanical behavior of CFST sections under axial compression loading is vital for design purposes. This paper presents the first study on the nonlinear analysis of heated CFSTs with high-strength concrete core containing steel fiber and waste tire rubber under axial compression loading. CFSTs had steel fibers with 0, 1, and 1.5% volume fractions and 0, 5, and 10% rubber particles as sand alternative material. They were subjected to 20, 250, 500, and 750℃ temperatures. Using flow rule and analytical analysis, a model is developed to predict the load bearing capacity of steel tube, and hoop strain-axial strain relationship, and axial stress-volumetric strain relationship of CFSTs. An elastic-plastic analysis method is applied to determine the axial and hoop stresses of the steel tube, considering elastic, yield, and strain hardening stages of steel in its stress-strain curve. The axial stress in the concrete core is determined as the difference between the total experimental axial stress and the axial stress of steel tube obtained from modeling. The results show that steel tube in CFSTs under 750℃ exhibits a higher load bearing contribution compared to those under 20, 250, and 500℃. It is also found that the ratio of load bearing capacity of steel tube at peak point to the load bearing capacity of CFST at peak load is noticeable such that this ratio is in the ranges of 0.21-0.33 and 0.31-0.38 for the CFST specimens with a steel tube thickness of 2 and 3.5 mm, respectively. In addition, after the steel tube yielding, the load bearing capacity of the tube decreases due to the reduction of its axial stiffness and the increase of hoop strain rate, which is in the range of about 20 to 40%.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.1945-1954
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• 2020

Subchannel code is one of the effective simulation tools for thermal-hydraulic analysis in nuclear reactor core. In order to reduce the computational cost and improve the calculation efficiency, empirical correlation of turbulent mixing coefficient is employed to calculate the lateral mixing velocity between adjacent subchannels. However, correlations utilized currently are often fitted from data achieved in central channel of fuel assembly, which would simply neglect the wall effects. In this paper, the CFD approach based on spectral element method is employed to predict turbulent mixing phenomena through gaps in 3 × 3 bare tight lattice rod bundle and investigate the flow pulsation through gaps in different positions. Re = 5000,10000,20500 and P/D = 1.03 and 1.06 have been covered in the simulation cases. With a well verified mesh, lateral velocities at gap center between corner channel and wall channel (W-Co), wall channel and wall channel (W-W), wall channel and center channel (W-C) as well as center channel and center channel (C-C) are collected and compared with each other. The obvious turbulent mixing distributions are presented in the different channels of rod bundle. The peak frequency values at W-Co channel could have about 40%-50% reduction comparing with the C-C channel value and the turbulent mixing coefficient β could decrease around 25%. corrections for β should be performed in subchannel code at wall channel and corner channel for a reasonable prediction result. A preliminary analysis on fluctuation at channel gap has also performed. Eddy cascade should be considered carefully in detailed analysis for fluctuating in rod bundle.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2001

There are several factors affecting the effectiveness of polymerization of the esthetic restorative materials. Among those factors, the initiator. camphoroquinone has the unique characteristic. of which the light sensitivity is very dependent on the wavelength of blue light. Camphoroquinone shows the most light absorption ability in the wavelength range of 470nm. So most of clinically used light curing systems adopt this phenomenon as their polymerization mechanism. The most popular way of light curing system is standard 40 second curing. But the problem of standard curing technique shows the rapid increase of resin viscosity followed by the acceleration of polymerization and the limited resin flow, resulted in reduction of the physicalproperty of restoration by retained stress. The object of this study was to verify the effects of narrow-banded wavelength on the microhardness of the esthetic restorative materials. a composite resin and a compomer, using filters which have peak wave length of 430nm, 450nm, 470nm, respectively. The results were as follows: 1. All the experimental groups showed lower hardness value than the control group. 2. In DyractAP, the hardness value by wavelength showed the same changing pattern on both upper and lower surfaces. 3. In DenFil, the hardness value by wavelength showed different changing pattern on upper and lower surfaces. 4. The hardness ratio showed similar pattern to the hardness variation of lower surface. but there was no significant difference between measurement in 10 minutes and 3 days later, besides the increase of hardness value.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.235-235
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• 2015

This study investigates the impact of event characteristics on runoff dynamics during extreme flood events observed in a $8.5km^2$ experimental watershed located in South Korea. The 37 most extreme flood events with event rainfall in excess of 50 mm were analysed using an event-based rainfall-runoff model; the Revitalised Flood Hydrograph (ReFH) routinely used for design flood estimation in the United Kingdom. The ReFH model was fitted to each event in turn, and links were investigated between each of the two model parameters controlling runoff production and response time, respectively, and event characteristics such as rainfall depth, duration, intensity and also antecedent soil moisture. The results show that the structure of the ReFH model can effectively accommodate any nonlinearity in runoff production, but that the linear unit hydrograph fails to adequately represent a reduction in watershed response time observed for the more extreme events. By linking the unit hydrograph shape directly to rainfall depth, the consequence of the observed nonlinearity in response time is to increase design peak flow by between 50% for a 10 year return period, and up to 80% when considering the probable maximum flood (PMF).

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.263-273
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• 2011

근래 이상기후에 의한 강우량 증대와 도시화에 따른 첨두유출량의 증대 및 도달시간의 단축은 하류 지점의 빈번한 범람을야기시키고 있으며 저류지와 같은 우수유출저감시설을통해 이상의 문제를해결하고자한다. 그러나현재 국내의 저류지에 관한 대부분의 연구는 저류지 용량에 중점을 두고 있으며, 저류지의 유출량을 방류할 수 있는 방류시설에 관한 연구는 미미한 실정이며 저류지의 방류시설로 주로 활용되고 있는 암거의 설계는 도로배수계획(한국도로공사, 1991)에 따라 설계되고있어서저류지에적용하기에는 무리가있다. 따라서본 연구에서는저류지 방류에적합한 암거설계기법을 개발하기 위하여 암거흐름 분류 중 암거상류부 수위가 잠수된 조건하에서 암거흐름을 모의 분석하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 저류지 방류암거의 간편설계기법을 제시하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2015

산업단지의 유량 및 오염물질 유출 특성을 분석하기 위하여, SWMM 모형을 시화산업단지 1간선수로에 적용하여 분석하였다. 2008년과 2009년에 시화1간선수로에서 측정한 6회의 단일 강우 사상을 대상으로 유출량 및 SS, COD, TN 및 TP 부하량의 보정을 실시하였다. 대부분 불투수지역으로 구성되어 있는 시화1간선수로 유역의 오염물질의 축적 과정은 지수 형태로 이루어진 후 강우에 유출되는 Power-linear을, 쓸림은 토지이용에 따라서 도시지역은 초기 세척을 잘 묘사할 수 있는 Power-Exponential이 적합한 것으로 판단된다. 검증된 SWMM 모형을 활용하여 불투수면적의 변화가 산업단지 내 유출량 및 첨두시간 변화에 미치는 영향 분석하였다. 본 연구지역에서는 불투수면적 증가에 따라 유출량의 감소는 보였으나, 첨두시간에는 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구 결과는 산업단지의 불투수면 저감방안 수립 및 유역 관리를 위한 기초정보로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.321-337
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• 1980

The increasing use of cardioplegic solution for the reduction of ischemic tissue injury requires that all cardiplegic solution be carefully assessed for any protective or damaging properties. This study describes functional, enzymatic and structural assessment of the efficiency of three cardioplegic solutions (Young & GIK, Bretschneider, and $K^{+}$ Albumin solution) in a Modified Isolated Rat Heart Model of cardiopulmonary bypass and ischemic arrest. Isolated rat heart were subjected to a 2-minute period of coronary infusion with a cold cardioplegic or a noncardioplegic solution immediately before and also at the midpoint of a 60-minute period of hypothermic ($10{\pm}1$. C) ischemic cardiac arrest. The results of this study were as follow: 1. Spontaneous heart beat after ischemic arrest occured 16 seconds later after Langendorff reperfusion in the Young & GIK group (n=6), and 40 second later in the Bretschneider group (n=6) and 6 minute later in the $K^{+}$ Albumin group (n=6), and 16 minute later in the control group (non-cardioplegia). A good recovery state of spontaneous heart beat was shown in the Young & GIK and Bretschneider groups. 2. The percentage of recorveries of heart function at 30 minute after postischemic working heart perfusion were : heart rate $91.6{\pm}3.1$% (P<0.01)m oeaj airtuc oressyre $83{\pm}3$% (P<0.01), coronary flow $70{\pm}8$% (P<0.05) and aortic flow flow rate $39{\pm}9.3$% (P<0.05) in the Young & GIK group. This percentage of recoveries of the Young & GIK group was significantly greater than the control group. In the Bretschneider group, the percentage of recoveries were : heart rate $87.8{\pm}7.5$%(P<0.05), peak aortic pressure $71{\pm}2.3$% (P<0.05) and aortic flow rate $33.2{\pm}6.6$%(P<0.05). hte percentage of recoveries were significantly greater than in the control group. In the $K^{+}$ Albumin group, recoveries of heart function were poor. 3. Total CPK leakage was $131.2{\pm}12.75$IU/30 min/gm. dry weight in the control group, $50.65{\pm}12.75$IU in the Young & GIK gruop, $69.40{\pm}32.21$Iu in Bretschneider group, and $103.65{\pm}15.47$IU in the $K^{+}$ Albumin group during the 30 minute postischemic Langendorff reperfusion. Total CPK leakage was significantly less (P<0.001) in the Young & GIK group, than in the control group. 4. Direct correlatin between percentage recovery of aortic flow rate and total amount of CPK leakage from Myocardium was noticed.(Correlation Coefficient r = 0.76, P<0.001). 5. Mild perivascular edema was the only finding of light microscopic study of myocardium after 60 minute ischemic arrest with cold cardioplegic solutions and hypothermla.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.470-475
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• 2004

박막흐름전지 (TLFC)의 작업전극인 유리질 탄소전극 (GCE; $A=0.208cm^2$) 표면에 $5{\mu}L$의 HgO 피복용액 (0.5% HgO + 0.25% polystyrene/cyclohexanone)을 피복시키고 pH 4.5 acetate buffer를 흘려주면서 -0.40 V에서 300초간 전해시켰을 때 doxorubicin의 전기환원에 대하여 최대의 감도를 나타내는 수은피막 박막흐름전지 (MFTLFC)를 제작할 수 있었다. MFTLFC에서 doxorubicin은 Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl)에 대하여 -0.53 V에 이르러 확산전류 (Id)값을 주었으며 수식하지 않은 GCE를 사용한 박막흐름전지 (TLFC)에서 보다 1.7배 더 큰 Id를 나타내었다. 봉우리 면적 (전하)을 doxorubicin과 daunorubicin 표준용액 농도에 대하여 도시한 결과, $1.0{\times}10^{-8}M{\sim}1.0{\times}10^{-6}M$ 농도범위에서 검량인자는 각각 $1.12{\times}10^8{\mu}C/M$ (상관계수: 0.969)과 $0.98{\times}10^8{\mu}C/M$ (상관계수: 0.999)이었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2019

본 연구는 도로, 주차장 및 지붕에서 발생된 TSS와 중금속의 거동을 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 강우시 도로, 주차장, 지붕에서 발생되는 중금속은 입자상 물질(TSS)에 부착되어 이동된다. 이는 TSS 부하량과 Cr, Fe, Cu 및 Pb의 입자상 중금속 및 용존성 중금속의 부하량의 상관관계로 판단 가능하다(r =0.52~0.73, p <0.01). 일반적으로 도로 및 주차장에서 발생된 TSS 및 중금속은 지붕에 비해 더 높은 것으로 분석되었는데, 이는 차량에 의해 중금속이 많이 발생하며, 집수면적 또한 도로 및 주차장이 넓기 때문으로 보여진다. 첨두유출발생시까지 TSS 부하량의 65~75%가 유출되는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 인근 수계로 유출되는 TSS를 제거하기 위해서는 첨두유출을 제어하는 것이 가장 효과적인 것을 의미한다. 또한 비용경제적인 LID 시설의 규모를 산정하기 위해 시설의 적정 크기(시설의 표면적/배수구역 면적)에 따른 TSS와 중금속 제거율을 평가하였다. 본 연구는 LID 시설의 설계시 참고 가능한 기초데이타로 중요한 의미가 있는 것으로 사료된다.