• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2000

In order to select potent bioactive isolates, 70 Fusarium isolates obtained from soil and 21 plant species were screened by antifungal, insecticidal, herbicidal, and duckweed bioassays after culturing in potato dextrose broth and rice solid media. Eight (11.4%) of the 70 liquid broth cultures showed disease-controlling activities more than 80% against at least one of the 6 plant diseases tested. Fusarium sp. FO-68 isolate exhibited the most potent antifungal activity; it controlled rice blast, wheat leaf rust, and barley powdery mildew with control values more than 95%. Out of 70 solid cultures, 21 (30.0%) controlled at least one plant disease more than 80% and F. equiseti FO-68 isolate showed disease-controlling activities more than 95% against 3 plant diseases such as rice blast, tomato late blight, and wheat leaf rust. As for tile insecticidal activities, 2 liquid and 1 solid cultures showed potent insecticidal activities against pest insects more than 80%, Liquid cultures of F. oxysporum FO-61 and Fusarium sp. FO-80 isolates exhibited insecticidal activities more than 80% against green peach aphid and diamondback moth, respectively. The solid culture of Fusarium sp. FO-510 isolate had 80% insecticidal activity against green peach aphid. However, none of liquid and solid cultures of the 70 Fusarium isolates showed potent herbicidal activities against 10 upland weeds. As the results of duckweed assay, 3 liquid cultures showed 70% growth inhibitory activity at concentrations less than 1.25% of culture supernatants and 9 solid cultures had a potent inhibitory activity against duckweed growth. On the other hand, there was a significant correlation between antifungal activities and herbicidal activities against duckweed of both liquid and solid cultures of tile 70 Fusarium isolates.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.267-277
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• 2023

This study is in order to the effect of 1-methlycyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment and film package as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the changes in fruit quality factors of 'Daehong' peaches during cold storage. The concentrations of 1-MCP were treated at 1µL·L^-1 and 2µL·L^-1, and peaches in film package were stored for 28 days in cold storage at 5±1℃ and 85±5% RH. The fruits stored carton box were used as a control of MAP, and 1-MCP free fruits were used as the control of both packages. Rate of fresh weight loss during storage was not significantly different between groups with and without 1-MCP treatment, but was higher in the box package than in the MAP. The control group had a higher incidence of both gases with the 1-MCP treatment group showing statistically significantly low. Carbon dioxide in the package was lowered by about 12% compared to the non-treated group, and the ethylene concentration was maintained at 1µL·L^-1, showing a significance low compared to other treated groups. As the storage period elapsed, the firmness of 1-MCP and MAP treated fruits remained significant at 5-9% compared to the control group. Regardless of the packaging method Hunter a^* values of exocarp and mesocarp were significantly higher in fruit treated with 1-MCP 1µL·L^-1 treatment than in the control group, and anthocyanin was significantly higher in the fruit during the storage period, especially high in MAP. In summary, fruits of MAP group with 1-MCP 1µL·L^-1 had rate of lower respiration and ethylene production, and little changes in firmness, Hunter a^* values of exo-carp and meso-carp, and anthocyanin, which is considered the most suitable method for preserving postharvest quality of the peach cultivar during the storage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 2012

The research results of tracing the Landscape Philosophy of Hageowon garden(何去園) in Musu-dong, Daejon of Youhwadang, Kwon, Iijin(權以鎭, 1668-1734) is as below. The ideological background of the protagonist reflected in Hageowon is the Hyoje Ideology(filial piety and brotherly love, 孝弟) of Sinjongchuwon(painstakingly caring for one's ancestors), Musil ideology(pursuing ethical diligence and truthful mind, 務實) based on sadistic tradition and ethical rationalism, Confucionist Eunil Ideology(ideology on seclusion, 隱逸) of Cheonghanjiyeon(quiet relaxation, 淸閒之燕), and the Pungryu ideology(appreciation for the arts, 風流) of Taoism in the Taoist style. Thus, by substituting these ideological values into a space called Hageowon, the Byulup gardens(別業) such as the Symbolic garden(象徵園), meaning gaeden(意園), and miniascape garden(縮景園) were able to be constructed. 2) The space organization system of Hageowon is generally classified into three phases considering the hierarchy. The first territory is the transitional space having residential features, which is an area to reach peach tree - road(Taoist world 桃經) from Youhwadang(有懷堂). The second territory is a monumental memorial space where the Yocheondae(繞千臺), Jangwoodam(丈藕潭), Hwagae(花階), and the ancestral graves take place, centering on the yards of Sumanheon(收漫軒), and the third territory is the secluded space in the eastern outer garden where the mountain stream flows from the north to south and which is the vein of the left-hand blue dragon(靑龍) of the guardian mountain of Hageowon. 3) Symbolically, the first phase has symbolized the space as a meaningful scenery by overlapping the Confucionist place of Youhwadang - Gosudae(孤秀臺) - Odeokdae(五德臺), and the mystic world of Jukcheondang(竹遷堂) - peach tree - road(桃徑). The second phase, which is the space of Sumanheon(收漫軒), Yocheondae, and Jangwoodam, the symbolical value of Sinjongchuwon(愼終追遠) and the remembrance and longing for one's parents are reflected. The third phase, which is the eastern outer garden of Hageowon and where the mountain stream flows from the north to south, is composed of the east valley(東溪) - Hwalsudam(活水潭) - Sumi Waterfall(修眉瀑布). More specifically, (1) Mongjeong symbolizes the life of gaining knowledge through studying to realize one's foolishness, (2) Hwalsudam symbolizes a transcending attitude in life refusing to pursue wealth and fame, and (3) Jangwoodam symbolizes the gateway to the fairyland to enter the world of mystic gods. 4) The rationale behind Hageowon is that the two algorithms of Confucionism and Taoist Theory appear repeatedly and in an overlapping way. The Napoji(納汚池) and Hwalsudam, which pertains to the prelude of space development, has symbolized Susimyangseong(修心養成, meditating one's mind and improving one's nature), which is based on ethical rationalism. Moreover, if the Monjeong sphere pertaining to the eastern outer garden of Hageowon takes the Confucionist value system as its theme, including moral training, studying, and researching, Jangwudam, Sumi Waterfalls, and Unwa can be understood as a taste of Cheokbyeon(滌煩, eliminating troubles) for the arts where the mystic world is substituted as a meaningful scenery. 5) The miniascape technique called artificial mountain was substituted to Hageowon to construct a mystic world like the 12 peaks of Mt. Mu(巫山). By borrowing the symbolic meaning expressed in old poems, it has been named 'Habang(1/何放), Hwabong(2, 3/和峯), Chulgun(4, 5, 6/出群), Sinwan(7/神浣), Chwhigyu(8, 9, 10/聚糾), Cheomyo(11/處杳), Giyung(12/氣融).' The representative poet reciting artificial mountain were Wangeui(汪醫), Nosamgang(魯三江), Dubo(杜甫), Hanyou(韓愈), Jeonheaseong(錢希聖), and Beomseokho(范石湖). They related themselves with literature by transcending time and space and attempted to sing about the richness of the mental world by putting the mystic world and culture of appreciating the arts they pursued in the vacation home called Hageowon.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.90-95
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• 1998

Soil residues of paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-dipyridinium dichloride) were determined in apple, pear, grape, and peach orchards for which 15 sites each were selected randomly from the corresponding large-scale production area throughout the country. Strong adsorption capacity measured using wheat bioassay (paraquat concentration required to reduce 50% root growth of wheat, SAC-WB) was also investigated on the orchard soils and the paraquat residue level was calculated against total SAC-WB values (SAC-WB value + paraquat residue). Average bound residue of paraquat on the 60 sites was 6.9 ppm, while paraquat residue in apple orchard reached 20.2 ppm which was the highest among the orchards and was almost double as compared with those in the other three orchards. Loosely bound residue of paraquat determined on the bound residue high top five soils occurred less than 0.5 ppm detection limit. Average SAC-WB value was 276.1 ppm and there were no any correlations between the SAC-WB value and clay content, organic matter content, and cation exchange capacity of the orchard soils. Paraquat residue level of the orchard soils against total SAC-WB recorded 2.43%.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the relations between glaucoma and dietary patterns in Korean adults, aged 30 years or older. Methods: 6,453 subjects (male 2,759, female 3,694 subjects) who aged 30 years or older from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Glaucoma was assessed based on the subjects were diagnosed by a doctor. At first, waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) were compared to investigate the association between glaucoma and obesity index. Secondly, dietary patterns using factor analysis for external blue colored fish(mackerel), seaweed(seaweed, laver), bean(bean, soybean milk), vegetables(sprout, spin, carrot, cabbage, cucumber, pepper, tomato, pumpkin) and fruits(tangerine, apple, pear, strawberry, grape, peach) were obtained. Lastly, regression analysis was used for glaucoma and emerged dietary factors. Results: In glaucoma and normal group, waist circumference and BMI were $82.25{\pm}9.96cm$ and $23.27{\pm}2.84kg/m^2$, $75.79{\pm}13.79cm$ and $22.39{\pm}4.06kg/m^2$, respectively. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Three dietary patterns were emerged from the factor analysis, and factor 1 was included sprout, spin, carrot, cabbage, seaweed, cucumber, mackerel, laver. The factor 1 of dietary pattern was inversely related to the prevalence of glaucoma (OR: 0.697, 95%CI: 0.496-0.980, p=0.038), and model adjusting for age and sex was showed the same trend (OR: 0.698, 95%CI: 0.497-0.982, p=0.039). Conclusions: This study was analysed first with glaucoma and dietary pattern in Korean, and vegetables, laver and mackerel significant associated to reduce the risk of glaucoma.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2015

Cyantraniliprole, which is an ananthranilic diamide insecticide that was developed by the DuPont Corporation, was registered in the Republic of Korea in 2012. It offers exceptional insecticidal activity on a broad range of Lepidopera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Isoptera. The maximum residue limits are set to pepper, peach, apple, sweet pepper, welsh onion, and so on (0.2~2.0 mg/kg). Therefore, an analytical method for determining cyantraniliprole residue in agricultural products was developed to ensure food safety. In previous studies, welsh onions were among vegetables included in the allium species, which is a representative plant with sulfur organic compounds. In this study, the analytical method was developed and evaluated for the elimination of sulfur compounds from the test solution of allium species during pesticide residue analysis. In order to inactivate the enzyme allinase and produce sulfur compounds, sample extraction was made in the base state pH 10 by reducing the activity of the enzyme. The recoveries of the developed method ranged from 81.9% to 83.2%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 10%. Therefore, based on the results, the method developed in this study is accurate and appropriate for use in cyantraniliprole determination. It will be used as the official method for managing the safety of cyantraniliprole residues in agricultural products.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2012

This study was conducted to elucidate the cause of micro-cracking in the exocarp of 'Jinmi' peach (Prunus persica). through the microscopic observation of fruit skin development in 4 varieties such as 'Jinmi', 'Kanoiwa Hakuto', 'Kawanakajima Hakuto', and 'Yumyeong'. Micro-cracking was noted in 59.1% of 'Jinmi', 30.6% of 'Kanoiwa Hakuto', 21.5% 'Kawanakajima Hakuto' and 6.4% of 'Yumyeong', respectively. The development of intercellular spaces, which increased rapidly with the fruit development, was easily observed at 69 days after full bloom. Histological studies revealed that the number of outer epiderm cell layers of 'Jinmi' was smaller than that of the other three cultivars, and thinner than the 'Kawanakajima Hakuto' and 'Yumyeong'. Moreover, 'Jinmi' exhibited smaller and flatter shapes in the sub-epidermal cell layer than those of the 'Kawanakajima Hakuto' and 'Yumyeong' at harvest season. Therefore, these results suggest that micro-cracking of 'Jinmi' fruit skin was due to poor-developed outer epidermis and well-developed intercellular spaces just under exocarp as compared with other varieties.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2013

Mating disruption experiments were evaluated and compared in several pheromone traps and sex pheromone composition ratios at commercial chestnut garden for developing alternative control method of D. punctiferalis. The highest attractive was shown in Delta traps at the effective sex pheromone ratio of 75:25 (E10-16:A1:Z10-16:A1). Comparisons of domestic and imported pheromone constituents were not significant difference in 90:10 (E10-16:A1:Z10-16:A1). But, there was significant difference in sex pheromone ratio of 75:25. D. punctiferalis was caught the highest number in Gongju area for attractive test using pheromone trap. Attractive effects with dose of pheromone were showed the highest at 2.5 mg/lure and 1 mg/lure in Gongju area and Cheongyang area respectively. However, there was no significant difference among pheromone dose in Buyeo area. These data could be useful for eco-friendly managing of D. punctiferalis in the chestnut farm.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2013

This study focused on the promotion of the insecticidal activity of eco-friendly insecticidal materials against four major insect pest in the organic Chinese cabbage cultivation area. Among insecticidal materials mixture, BT+Matrine+Neem against leaf beetle larva, Phaedon brassicae, showed the highest 94.1% at 0.05% which is the lowest concentration of three treated concentrations. The insecticidal activity of Matrine, Neem, and BT alone (0.1%, w/v) or the mixtures (0.05%, w/v) against Cabbage worm larva, Artogeria rapae, was investigated by leaf disc spray method. The insecticidal efficacy of the mixtures of two or three eco-friendly materials was higher than the single treatment of each material with 94.3%, 100% and 100%. Control efficacy of 0.3% COY+0.05% (95.3%) against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae was higher than that of 0.3% COY+0.05% Neem (90.2%) and lasted for more than 21 days after one time treatment. At 35 days after treatment, the effect of 0.05% BT+0.05% Matrine and 0.05% BT+0.05% Matrine+0.05% Neem treatments against diamondback moth showed very high insecticidal activity with more than 90% of control value. Therefore, BT, Neem, and Matrine where are properly treated could be effective eco-friendly materials for controlling major insect pests in an organic Chinese cabbage field.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 1986

A total number of 916 fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karsten grown naturally in Korea were collected to investigate the morphological characters and some other useful characters related to the quality of the fungus and the results obtained are summarized as follows; The host tree showing the highest parasitic rate by the Genoderma lucidum(Fr.) Karsten was oak tree and the parasitic rate of the tree was 86.2%. The order of parasitic rate of the host trees by the fungus next to the oak was peach, chestnut, persimmon and acasia. The size, shape and color of fruiting bodies were varied according to the host trees. The average size of fruiting bodies collected was 40 to 100 mm by 30 to 80mm. The fruiting bodies with pileus size of 60 by 45 mm, pileus thickness of over 10mm, pileus minor axis/stipe length ratio of over 0.65 and pileus thickness/pileus minor axis ratio of over 0.22 were considered having higher commerical values. The external shape of the fruiting body was very important criterion to evaluate the quality of the Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karsten. A great variation in characters such as pileus shape, color, marginal shape, zonation of pileus, pileus thickness, poroid layer of fruiting bodies and shape of stipe were observed from the fruiting bodies of G. lucidum collected in Korea. Further studies will be necessary for the genetic nature of these characters.