• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제12D권6호
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• pp.863-868
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• 2005

하드웨어와 소프트웨어를 통합 설계하는 프레임워크인 PeaCE(Ptolemy extension as a Codesign Environment)가 개발되었다. PeaCE 에서는 데이터 흐름과 제어 흐름을 모두 표현할 수 있는데, 제어 흐름은 상태 기계를 확장한 fFSM으로 나타낸다. fFSM은 계층형 상태 기계로서 제어흐름을 표현하기 위해 많은 구문을 제공하지만, 모델에 대한 의미가 정의되어 있지 않아서 명세를 검증하는데 어려움이 많다. fFSM의 의미를 정의하기 위해서, 본 논문에서는 계층형 상태 기계를 먼저 평탄화한 후에 평탄화된 모델에 대해서 단계 의미를 정의하였다. 그 결과 레이스 조건, 애매한 전이, 순환 전이 등의 주요한 버그들을 정형적으로 검출할 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.2560-2566
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• 2012

The present study investigates how the thermal stability of retinol (vitamin A) encapsulated in polyester nanoparticles is influenced by the types of polyester used for the nanoparticles. A variety of polyester-retinol nanoparticles were prepared with various polyesters like: poly(ethylene adipate), PEA; poly(butylene adipate), PBA; poly(hexamethylene adipate), PHMA; and three polycaprolactones, PCL, of different molecular weights ($M_n$ ~10, 40, and 80K). The chemical stability of retinol in these nanoparticles, monitored in an aqueous solution at $25^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks, was high in the following order of the nanoparticles prepared with PHMA > PCL 40K > PCL 10K > PCL 80K > PBA~PEA at $25^{\circ}C$ and PCL 10K > PCL 40K > PHMA > PCL 80K > PEA > PBA at $40^{\circ}C$. More importantly, this study has also found that the thermal stability of the retinol in the nanoparticles was closely connected with the melting temperatures of polyesters and polyester nanoparticles. The results were further discussed with possible factors - such as sample preparation condition (or history) and miscibility between the polyesters and retinol - affecting $T_m$ of the polyesters and the nanoparticles.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2001

A cDNA fragment encoding the chloroplastic fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) was cloned via PCR from the cDNA library of pea leaves. The cloned cDNA, about 1.05 kbp without signal sequence, was introduced into a pET-28a vector for expression in E. coli strain BL21(DE3)pLysS. The recombinant FBPase was purified through $Ni^+-NTA$ affinity chromatography and characterized. Molecular mass of the monomer was about 42,000. Enzymatic activity of the purified enzyme as the native pea chloroplastic FBPase was the highest at alkaline pH (pH 9.0). The recombinant enzyme was activated by a reducing agent DTT and was insensitive to AMP. The activation energy (Ea) and Arrehenius frequency factor were 42.67 kcal/mol and $2.65{\times}10^{14}/s$, respectively, slightly higher than those of the native enzyme. $K_M$ and $V_{max}$ were $99.98{\mu}M$ and $52.9{\mu}M/min$, respectively, which were comparable with the native enzyme.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.393-398
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• 1999

Acetolactate synthase (ALS) catalyzes the first reaction common to the biosynthesis of L-valine, L-leucine, and L-isoleucine. ALS is the target site of several classes of herbicides, including the sulfonylureas, the imidazolinones, and the triazolopyrimidines. Two forms of ALS (ALS I and ALS II) which have different affinity for Heparin have been separated from etiolated pea seedlings. The substrate saturation curves of both ALS I and ALS II were hyperbolic in contrast to previous reports. The two forms of ALS showed significant differences in their physical and kinetic properties. The values of $K_m$ for ALS I and ALS II were 9.0 mM and 4.8 mM, respectively. The pI values for ALS I and ALS II were determined to be 5.3 and 5.75 by isoelectric focusing, respectively. The native molecular weights for ALS I and ALS II obtained by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis and activity staining were 124 and 244 kDa, respectively. They also exhibited different sensitivity to feedback inhibition by end-product amino acids and inhibition by Cadre, an imidazolinone herbicide.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2013

Partially earth anchored (PEA) can improve the structural safety and economic feasibility of multiple span cable stayed bridge (CSB). The PEA-CSB can restrain axial compressive load acting on a tower and reduce the global buckling length of a stiffened girder. For these reasons, structural members subject to axial forces can be effectively utilized and material quantity required for a steel deck can be reduced to save construction cost. In this study, the PEA system was verified for its application on a multiple span CSB. The CSB is a four-tower multi-span bridge which has a main span length of 500 m. As high tensile stress was generated at the top of the bridge decks at the mid-span between two main columns, a hybrid deck system for enhancing the bridge deck sections was proposed. While the composite sections made of concrete and steel were used near to the main columns, steel sections were used at the mid-span between two main columns.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.162-169
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• 1989

완두(豌豆) 유묘(幼苗)줄기의 추출물(抽出物)에서 silica gel column chromatography, TLC, HPLC 등으로 분리(分離)하고 여러 가지 정색반응(呈色反應)을 행한 결과 tryptophan, indole-3-acetaldehyde, IAA, indole-3-aldehyde를 확인(確認)할 수 있었다. 여기서 확인(確認)된 indole화합물(化合物)들을 근거(根據)로 볼 때 완두유묘(豌豆幼苗)에는 tryptophan${\rightarrow}$(?)${\rightarrow}$indole-3-acetaldehyde${\rightarrow}$IAA${\rightarrow}$indole-3-aldehyde로 이어지는 대사계(代謝系)가 존재(存在)할 수 있음을 추정(推定)할 수 있었다. 한편, IAA-당(糖) 복합체(複合體)로써 IAA-rhamnose와 IAA-glucose가 완두 유묘에 분포함을 잠정적으로 확인하였다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.30-30
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• 2019

Pea (Pisum sativum) is one of important legume crops in the world. It is commonly used as a protein source for animal and human diet, and also used as a natural nitrogen source which is produced by a symbiotic bacterium in their root nodule and helpful for terrestrial ecosystem. The successful in vitro manipulation is depended on three main factors including physiology of plant donor, in vitro manipulation approach, and stress physiology during plant cultivation. Moreover, genotype is an important for plant manipulation; different genotype gives the different response to regeneration efficiency. An efficient condition of shoot induction for pea (Pisum sativum cv. 'Sparkle') was developed by using optimum explant, plant growth regulator concentrations, and pretreatment of BA onto explant. The average shoot number per explant showed the highest on two kinds of shoot induction media (MSB5 media containing 2 mg/L BA and a combination of 2 mg/L BA and 1 mg/L TDZ) with cotyledonary node explants culture. Moreover, the pretreatment of explant in 200 mg/L BA solution was found to be more effective in shoot induction than that of non-pretreatment. The analysis of genetic stability of regenerants by using 13 ISSR markers presented that in vitro regenerated plants showed polymorphism with 8.3% compared with their mother plants.

• 분석과학
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2022

A green spectrophotometric method for the determination of cyanide has been proposed using, a green reagent, aqueous extract of blue butterfly pea. The test tube was filled with anthocyanin rich extract (pH 6) and cyanide solution. The reaction was kept constant for 10 minutes at room temperature. The reaction mixture changed color from blue to green as the amount of CN-ions increased. The 620 nm peak intensity increased with CN concentration. Therefore, this wavelength was used for all cyanide analyses. The cyanide calibration curve had a linear range of 0.25-1.00, 1.00-4.00, and 4.00-10.00 mg/L, with a satisfactory correlation coefficient of 0.99 and a LOD of 0.57 mg/L. The recovery ranged from 8.33 to 76.94 percent, indicating that this method is inaccurate at low cyanide concentrations. The intra-day and intermediate precision relative deviations were 0.391-0.871 % and 1.112-1.583 %. An H-bond forms between the C-4 group of the B-carbonyl ring and the HCN molecule according to the B3LYP/TZVP calculation. The method is convenient for cyanide concentrations above the LOQ of 1.09 mg/L, cost-effective, and capable of reducing toxic solvents with acceptable precision. The method could also be used to detect total cyanide in biological, environmental, and industrial waste samples.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.891-901
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• 2024

This study focuses on improving the 3D printability of pea protein with the help of food inks designed for jet-type 3D printers. Initially, the food ink base was formulated using nanocellulose-alginate with a gradient of native potato starch and its 3D printability was evaluated. The 3D-printed structures using only candidates for the food ink base formulated with or without potato starch exhibited dimensional accuracy exceeding 95% on both the X and Y axes. However, the accuracy of stacking on the Z-axis was significantly affected by the ink composition. Food ink with 1% potato starch closely matched the CAD design, with an accuracy of approximately 99% on the Z-axis. Potato starch enhanced the stacking of 3D-printed structures by improving the electrostatic repulsion, viscoelasticity, and thixotropic behavior of the food ink base. The 3D printability of pea protein was evaluated using the selected food ink base, showing a 46% improvement in dimensional accuracy on the Z-axis compared to the control group printed with a food ink base lacking potato starch. These findings suggest that starch can serve as an additive support for high-resolution 3D jet-type printing of food ink material.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.50-61
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• 2020

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is an important legume species that produces seeds that are rich in phenolic compounds and dietary nutrients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the agricultural characters, phenolic and nutritional contents, and antioxidant capacities of seeds from 82 pigeon pea germplasms cultivated in the Republic of Korea. The accessions exhibited compact (24.39%), semi-spreading (74.39%), or spreading (1.22%) growth habits and determinate (89.02%), indeterminate (8.54%), or semi-determinate (2.44%) flowering patterns. Days to 75% maturity ranged from 30 to 72 d, and yield per plant ranged from 6.00 to 148.60 g. Meanwhile, total phenolic, crude protein, crude fiber, and dietary fiber contents ranged from 16.42 ± 0.62 to 29.67 ± 0.43 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of dried extract, from 16.76 ± 6.74% to 22.61 ± 0.05%, from 4.70 ± 0.24 to 8.63 ± 0.02%, and from 12.98 ± 0.71 to 33.19 ± 1.50%, respectively. In addition, DPPH radical-scavenging capacity ranged from 1.61 ± 0.10 to 16.04 ± 2.30 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g of dried extract, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity ranged from 3.03 ± 0.86 to 42.24 ± 0.72 mg Trolox equivalent per g of dried extract. Phenolic content was correlated with both DPPH radical-scavenging capacity (r = 0.63) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (r = 0.29). Nine accessions (IT170290, IT170291, IT170270, IT170276, IT170379, IT170386, IT170388, IT170418, and IT170340) exhibited early maturity, compact and erect growth habits, and above average antioxidant activities and phenolic and protein contents. In addition, accessions IT170290 and IT170291 were especially promising pigeon pea germplasms to grow, owing to various favorable characteristics (e.g., high yield and dietary fiber content). Hence, these accessions could be useful cultivars to the Republic of Korea if considered in future agricultural systems.