• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 1992

Artificial superlattices of Co/Pd were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering Multilayered structure and compositional modulation were analyzed with a side angle x-ray diffractometer. It has been found that expansion of Co lattice occured in this artificial superlattice due to the lattice mismatch between Co and Pd. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy could be observed when the Co layer thickness became less than 8${\AA}$ and maximum coercivity of 2350 Oe could be obtained in [Co(2.5 ${\AA}$)/Pd(9.3 ${\AA})]_{50}$/Pd$(200\;{\AA})$ with a perfect squareness of magnetic hysteresis loop. Characteristic of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Pd superlattices could be related to the expansion of Co lattice caused by Pd layer and it turned out that as the thickness of Pd layer increased, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy increased. The interface anisotropy energy and volume anisotropy energy were calculated to be 0.29 ergs/$cm^2$ and -$6.9{\times}10^6$ ergs/$cm^3$ respectively, which are consistent with the values reported elsewhere.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.575-580
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• 2015

Pd/C catalysts were prepared by various preparation methods such as ion exchange, impregnation and polyol method and also characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isothermal, XRD, FE-TEM and CO-chemisorption. The activities of these catalysts were tested in the hydrogenation of cyclohexene to cyclohexane. Catalytic activities of Pd/C catalysts were found to be effected by the chosen preparation methods. Pd dispersions of each Pd/C catalysts prepared by ion exchange, impregnation and polyol method were 17.55, 13.82% and 1.35%, respectively, confirmed by CO-chemisorption analysis. These were also in good agreement with the FE-TEM results. The Pd/C catalyst prepared by ion exchange method exhibits good performance with the cyclohexene conversion rate of 71% for 15 min. These results indicate that Pd/C catalyst having higher dispersion and lower particle size is in favor of hydrogenation cyclohexene and also Pd dispersion increases with the increment of catalytic activity.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.45-49
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• 1999

A flammable gas sensor based on the $SnO_2$thin film deposited by the reactive ion assisted deposition was fabricated and ultra-thin Pd layer as catalyst was adsorbed at surface by ion beam sputtering. The initial oxidation states of Pd catalyst were controlled to investigate the role of Pd in the sensing process of inflammale gas sensor through annealing in air and vacuum respectively. The Pd catalyst existing in pure metallic state showed the sensitivity higher than that of PdO. The result might be closely related to the fact that PdO as a surface acceptor would receive electrons via Pd sub-channel from $SnO_2$, and thus which reduces the sensitivity and delay the response time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.812-817
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.766-771
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• 2005

In this study, PD(partial discharge) signals which occur at stator coil of traction Motor are acquired these data are used for classifying the PD sources. NN(neural network) has recently applied to classify the PD pattern. The PD data are used for the learning process to classify PD sources. The PD data come from normal specimen and defective specimens such as internal void discharges, slot discharges and surface discharges. PD distribution parameters are calculated from a set of the data, which is used to realize diagnostic algorithm. NN which applies distribution parameters is useful to classify the PD patterns of defective sources generating in stator coil of traction motor.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.89-92
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• 2004

The effects of different light quality on the change of membrane potential difference (PD) of the guard cell in the intact leaf have been investigated. The mombrane PD was about -5.5 mV by white light of 600 $\mu$moles $m^{-2}\; s^{-1}$. The mean PD of change caused by red light was about -5.2 mV at the light intensity of 80 $\mu$moles $m^{-2}\; s^{-1}$. Membrane PD of guard cells in response to blue light was saturated at low light intensity. However, red and green light enhanced the change of membrane PD of guard cells with increasing intensity. In green light the biggest change of memrane PD was around -4 mV, whereas, with blue light the change of of memrane PD was around -2 mV. Accordingly, the membrane PD of guard cell showed the different degree of hyper-polarization by each wavelength.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.05c
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• pp.152-155
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• 2002

During normal operation, partial discharge(PD) tests were performed using turbine generator analyzer(TGA) in high voltage motor. Epoxy-mica couplers are installed at motor terminal and analyzed PD signal using TGA. #A motor stator insulation is good because small partial discharges are detected PD pattern show that PD occurs in insulation. PD of #B motor is larger than that of #A motor and PD pattern show that positive PD larger than negative PD. It means that PD occurs between insulation and slot. And A phase PD magnitude of #B motor is large and high compare with any other phase. Therefore wedge, core and slot of #B motor need to check and repair.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.05c
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• pp.199-202
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• 2002

During normal operation, partial discharge(PD) tests were performed using turbine generator analyzer(TGA) in high voltage motor. Epoxy-mica couplers are installed at motor terminal and analyzed PD signal using TGA. #A motor stator insulation is good because small partial discharges are detected. PD pattern show that PD occurs in insulation. PD of #B motor is larger than that of #A motor and PD pattern show that positive PD larger than negative PD. It means that PD occurs between insulation and slot. And A phase PD magnitude of #B motor is large and high compare with any other phase. Therefore wedge, core and slot of #B motor need to check and repair.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.3C no.5
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• pp.177-181
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• 2003

Partial discharge pulse shapes from variable PD (partial discharge) sources sustain many characteristics such as types of PD. Ultra high frequency antennas have wide bandwidth from 30KHz to 2㎓. Therefore, signals taken from a UHF antenna have important attributes (rising time, falling time, shape factor, etc.) for electromagnetic sources, such as PD sources. We investigated PD pulse shapes from several PD sources using a UHF antenna and the results were used for classification of PD sources. Features for discrimination are extracted from frequency distribution and LPC (Linear Prediction Coefficient) of time signal. RBFN are used for investigating the possibility of classification of multi-PD sources.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

This paper presents an arificial neuro-fuzzy technique based prtial discharge (PD) pattern classifier to power system application. This may require a complicated analysis method employ -ing an experts system due to very complex progressing discharge form under exter-nal stress. After referring briefly to the developments of artificical neural network based PD measurements, the paper outlines how the introduction of new emerging technology has resulted in the design of a number of PD diagnostic systems for practical applicaton of residual lifetime prediction. The appropriate PD data base structure and selection of learning data size of PD pattern based on fractal dimentsional and 3-D PD-normalization, extraction of relevant characteristic fea-ture of PD recognition are discussed. Some practical aspects encountered with unknown stress in the neuro-fuzzy techniques based real time PD recognition are also addressed.