• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.360-366
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• 2006

We have performed density functional theory calculations for the surface structure of O/Pd(100)-p($2{\times}2$), formed by the adsorption of oxygen atoms of 0.25 ML. The oxygen atoms adsorb preferentially at the fourfold hollow site, and the calculated O-Pd bond length is $2,15{\AA}$, The first interlayer spacing ($d_{12}$) of Pd(100) expands by +0.8% due to the oxygen adsorption, which differs from the experimental value of +3.6% reported by a previous LEED study. Assuming that the LEED sample was possibly contaminated by hydrogen atoms, we also examined the effect of hydrogen impurities on the surface structure. Hydrogen atoms adsorbed on O/Pd(100)-p($2{\times}2$) are found to result in large expansions of $d_{12}$ of Pd(100). Our analysis estimates the amount of hydrogen atoms remaining on the LEED sample as -0.3 ML.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2013

We investigate the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in $TiO_2$/Co/Pd on GaAs(100), MgO(100), MgO(111), Si(100), and glass substrates. We find that the roughness of $TiO_2$ depends on the $O_2$ partial pressure in the magnetron sputtering process. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropies are found in all substrates with $TiO_2$ seed layer, and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Co/Pd system is insensitive on the type of the substrate when the thickness of $TiO_2$ seed layer is thicker than 5 nm. However, MgO(111) substrate promotes $TiO_2$ rutile (111) structure, and it causes largest perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in $TiO_2$/Co/Pd(111) structures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.74-74
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• 2006

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2001

The crystal structures of fully dehydrated $Pd^{2+}$ - and $TI^{+}$ -exchanged zeolite X, $Pd_{18}TI_{56}Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}(Pd_{18}TI_{50-}X$, a = $24.935(4)\AA$ and $Pd_{21}TI_{50}Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}(Pd_{21}TI_{50-}X$ a = $24.914(4)\AA)$, have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group Fd3 at $21(1)^{\circ}C.$ The crystals were prepared using an exchange solution that had a $Pd(NH_3)_4Cl_2\;:TINO_3$ mole ratio of 50 : 1 and 200 : 1, respectively, with a total concentration of 0.05M for 4 days. After dehydration at $360^{\circ}C$ and 2 ${\times}$$10^{-6}$ Torr in flowing oxygen for 2 days, the crystals were evacuated at $21(1)^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. They were refined to the final error indices $R_1$ = 0.045 and $R_2$ = 0.038 with 344 reflections for $Pd_{18}Tl_{56-}X$, and $R_1$ = 0.043 and $R_2$ = 0.045 with 280 reflections for $Pd_{21}Tl_{50-}X$; I > $3\sigma(I).$ In the structure of dehydrated $Pd_{18}Tl_{56-}X$, eighteen $Pd^{2+}$ ions and fourteen $TI^{+}$ ions are located at site I'. About twenty-seven $TI^{+}$ ions occupy site II recessed $1.74\AA$ into a supercage from the plane of three oxygens. The remaining fifteen $TI^{+}$ ions are distributed over two non-equivalent III' sites, with occupancies of 11 and 4, respectively. In the structure of $Pd_{21}Tl_{50-}X$, twenty $Pd^{2+}$ and ten $TI^{+}$ ions occupy site I', and one $Pd^{2+}$ ion is at site I. About twenty-three $TI^{+}$ ions occupy site II, and the remaining seventeen $TI^{+}$ ions are distributed over two different III' sites. $Pd^{2+}$ ions show a limit of exchange (ca. 39% and 46%), though their concentration of exchange was much higher than that of $TI^{+}$ ions. $Pd^{2+}$ ions tend to occupy site I', where they fit the double six-ring plane as nearly ideal trigonal planar. $TI^{+}$ ions fill the remaining I' sites, then occupy site II and two different III' sites. The two crystal structures show that approximately two and one-half I' sites per sodalite cage may be occupied by $Pd^{2+}$ ions. The remaining I' sites are occupied by $TI^{+}$ ions with Tl-O bond distance that is shorter than the sum of their ionic radii. The electrostatic repulsion between two large $TI^{+}$ ions and between $TI^{+}$ and $Pd^{2+}$ ions in the same $\beta-cage$ pushes each other to the charged six-ring planes. It causes the Tl-O bond to have some covalent character. However, $TI^{+}$ ions at site II form ionic bonds with three oxygens because the super-cage has the available space to obtain the reliable ionic bonds.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 2022

Malaria continues to be one of the most crucial infectious burdens in endemic areas worldwide, as well as for travelers visiting malaria transmission regions. It has been reported that 8-aminoquinolines are effective against the Plasmodium species, particularly primaquine, for anti-hypnozoite therapy in P. vivax malaria. However, primaquine causes acute hemolytic anemia in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Therefore, G6PD deficiency testing should precede hypnozoite elimination with 8-aminoquinoline. Several point-of-care devices have been developed to detect G6PD deficiency. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a novel, quantitative G6PD diagnostics based on a metagenomic blue fluorescent protein (mBFP). We comparatively evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the G6PD diagnostic modality with standard methods using 120 human whole blood samples. The G6PD deficiency was spectrophotometrically confirmed. The performance of the G6PD quantitative test kit was compared with that of a licensed control medical device, the G6PD strip. The G6PD quantitative test kit had a sensitivity of 95% (95% confidence interval (CI): 89.3-100%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 94.3-100%). This study shows that the novel diagnostic G6PD quantitative test kit could be a cost-effective and time-efficient, and universally mandated screening tool for G6PD deficiency.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.2A
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• pp.100-107
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• 2011

Algorithms based on the QR decomposition of the equivalent space-time channel matrix have been proved useful in the detection of V-BLAST systems. Especially, the parallel detection (PD) algorithm offers ML approaching performance up to 4 transmit antennas with reasonable complexity. We show that when directly applied to STBCs, the PD algorithm may suffer a rather significant SNR degradation over ML detection, especially at high SNRs. However, simply extending the PD algorithm to allow p ${\geq}$ 2 candidate layers, i.e. p-PD, regains almost all the loss but only at a significant increase in complexity. Here, we propose a simplification to the p-PD algorithm specific to STBCs without a corresponding sacrifice in performance. The proposed algorithm results in significant complexity reductions for moderate to high order modulations.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 1993

Co/Pd multilayered thin films with various ratios of Co sublayers to Pd sublayers(nCo/nPd = 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 5/4) were fabricated at different substrate temperatures($R.\;T.,\;100,\;150,\;200\;^{\circ}C$) with the conventional vacuum evaporation method, and their Hall voltage hysteresis curves were measured. These Hall curves were decomposed on the basis of the superpose of the transverse Hall effect term from the magnetizations of Co and Pd sublayers and the magnetoresistivity term, by the optimal fitting method. In the results, both of the ferromagnetic and anti ferromagnetic states coexisted through whole samples, and the uniaxial or unidirectional easy axis type Hall hysteresis curves occured were dependent upon the effects of the exchange anisotropy between both magnetic states and the domain wall pinning by the antiferromagnet inclusions.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.209-223
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate nutrition characteristics of the following major commercially available dried fish (MCDF) in South Korea: plain-dried fish [nogari (PD-N), Alaska pollock (PD-AP), red tongue sole (PD-RTS), and young tidepool gunnel (PD-YTG)], salt-dried fish [(yellow corvina (SD-YC) and red tilefish (SD-RT)], four types of boiled-dried anchovy of different sizes (BD-As), and freeze-dried fish [Pacific saury (FD-PS), Alaska pollock (FD-AP), and Katsuobushi]. The energy content of the MCDF ranged from 103.0 to 420.5 kcal per 100 g. The MCDF in nutritional and functional properties of minerals were SD-RT and Katsuobushi in calcium; none in phosphorus, sodium, or zinc; Katsuobushi in potassium and magnesium; PD-AP, SD-YC, and SD-RT in iron, PD-AP, PD-RTS, SD-YC, and SD-RT in copper; and PD-N, PD-AP, PD-RTS, SD-YC, SD-RT, FD-PS, FD-AP and Katsuobushi in manganese. The total amino acid content of the MCDF ranged from 15.85 to 71.96 g per 100 g; the major amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, and leucine. The fatty acid content of the MCDF ranged from 0.81 to 2.93 g per 100 g. The MCFSP expected in nutritional and functional properties of vitamins were PD-N, PD-RTS, FD-PS, FD-AP, and Katsuobushi in riboflavin; PD-N, PD-AP, PD-YTG, BD-As, FD-PS, FD-AP, and Katsuobushi in niacin; PD-N, PD-RTS, SD-YC, and BD-As in vitamin A; and PD-AP, PD-YTG, SD-YC, and FD-AP in vitamin E.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.244-252
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• 2005

It is very interesting and important in the academic point of view and in practical use the hydrogen-induced phase separation(HIPS) which appears during hydrogen heat treatment. Since hydrogen can be removed very fast by pumping it out the hydrogen-induced new lattice phase which can not be obtained without hydrogen can be preserved as meta-stable state. In this study it has been investigated whether the HIPS appear in Pd-Al, Pd-Co, Pd-Cr, Pd-Ti, Pd-V and Pd-Zr alloys and discussed thermodynamic representation of the HIPS. The Pd alloys were arc-melted under argon atmosphere and remelted 4 or 5 times for homogenization. The alloys were annealed at 600$^{\circ}C$ under vacuum for 24 hrs and then subjected to pressure-composition isotherm measurements at 100$^{\circ}C$. The hydrogen heat treatment(HHT) of samples was carried out at 600$^{\circ}C$ under hydrogen pressure of 70 bar for 6 days and PC isotherms at 100$^{\circ}C$ were measured. By comparing the PC isotherms measured before and after HHT, occurrence of phase separation was determined. The experimental results showed that the HIPS appeared only in Pd-0.05Co alloy. For Pd-Co alloys with various composition the PC isotherms were measured. By adopting Park-Flanagan model for ternary thermodynamics the Gibbs free energy change for Pd-Co-H solid solution was calculated and subsequently with this the HIPS in Pd-Co alloy was explained fairly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.326-326
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 전해도금을 이용하여 Ni-Pd 합금도금을 형성한 후 열처리 효과를 분석하였다. 전류밀도 $0.2{\sim}1.5A/dm^2$, $PdCl_2$ 1~5mM의 변화를 통해 Ni-Pd 합금도금의 함량을 변화시켰고 $100{\sim}400^{\circ}C$의 열처리를 하였다. 열처리 온도가 올라갈수록 경도는 급격히 떨어졌고 $300^{\circ}C$이후에서는 감소하였으나 감소폭이 작았다. 경도의 감소 원인은 열처리 후 Grain Size가 커지는 현상 때문이고 이는 XRD를 통해 확인하였다. 면저항의 경우 열처리를 하였을 경우 급격히 감소하고 $100^{\circ}C$ 이후에는 일정하였다.