• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2000

The object of this study is to estimate Sn-Ag-Bi-Ga solder alloy as a substitute for Sn-37Pb alloy. For Sn-Ag-Bi-Ga alloys, Ag, Bi and Ga contents are varied. (Ag : 1~5%, Ga : 3%, Bi : 3~6%) Comparing to Sn-37Pb alloy Sn-Ag-Bi-Ga alloys have wider melting temperature range up to max. $18.7^{\circ}C$. With increasing Ag, Bi contents, the wettability of the alloys increased up to max. 6.6 mN. The vickers hardness of the alloys was max. 46.4 Hv. The ultimate tensile stress of the alloys was max. 60.3 MPa and the elongation was max. 1.2%. The joint strength between circuit board and solder was max. 55.5 N and the joint strength between connector and solder was max. 176.1 N. There were no cracks in this alloys after thermal shock test.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.598-603
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• 2005

To develope new lead-free solders with the melting temperature close to that of Sn-37Pb$(183^{\circ}C)$, Sn-0.7Cu-5Pb-1Ga, Sn-0.7Cu-5Pb-1Ag, Sn-0.7Cu-5Pb-5Bi-1Ag, and Sn-0.7Cu-SBi-1Ag alloys were composed by adding low-netting elements such as Ga, Bi, Pb, and Ag to Sn-0.7Cu. Then the melting temperatures, microstructures, wettability, and adhesion properties of these alloys were evaluated. DSC analysis showed that the melting temperature of Sn-0.7Cu-SPb-1Ga was $211^{\circ}C$, and those of other alloys was in the range of $192\~200^{\circ}C$. Microstructures of these alloys after heat-treatment at $150^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs were basically composed of coarsely- grown $\beta-Sn$ grains, and $Cu_6Sn_5$ and $Ag_3Sn$ intermetallic precipitates. Sn-0.7Cu-5Pb-1Ga and Sn-0.7Cu-5Pb-5Bi-1Ag showed excellent wettability, while Sn-0.7Cu-5Bi-1Ag and Sn-0.7Cu-5Pb-5Bi-1Ag revealed good adhesion strength with the Cu substrates. Among 4 alloys, Sn-0.7Cu-5Pb-5Bi-1Ag with the lowest melting temperature $(192^{\circ}C)$ and relatively excellent wettability and adhesion strength was suggested to be the best candidate solder to replace Sn-37Pb.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 1994년도 춘계 학술발표 강연 및 논문 개요집
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• pp.42-43
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• 1994

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2007

Cu-free multi-component sol, of which final oxide composition becomes $Bi_{1.9}Pb{0.35}SrCaO,\;Bi_{1.8}Pb_{0.2}SrCaO\;and\;Bi_{1.5}SrCaO$, respectively, was prepared through sol-gel route and coated on a bare Cu substrate. Starting materials were metal-alkoxides as follows.; [$Bi(OC_{2}H_{5})_{3}\;Pb(O^{1}C_{3}H_{7})_{2},\;Sr(O^{i}C_{3}H_{7})_{2},\;Ca(OC_{2}H_{5})_{2}$] as a reagent grade. Transparent light yellowish sol was obtained in the case of $Bi_{1.9}Pb_{0.35}SrCaO\;and\;Bi_{1.8}Pb_{0.2}SrCaO$ composition and $Bi_{1.5}SrCaO$ composition's sol was light greenish. Each sol was repeatedly dip-coated on Cu substrate four times and pre-heated at $400^{\circ}C$ and finally heat-treated in the range of $740{\sim}900^{\circ}C$. In the results, crystalline phases confirmed by XRD were (2201) orthorhombic and monoclinic phases. However, only $Bi_{1.9}Pb_{0.35}SrCaO_{x}$ composition showed pseudo-superconductive behavior after heat-treatment at $900^{\circ}C$ for 12 seconds and then onset temperature was 77 K, even though it did not exhibit zero resistance below Tc.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.911-917
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• 2002

0.5 at% $Na_2$Te-doped ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te and ($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ powders were fabricated by mechanical alloying process. 0.5 at% Na$_2$Te-doped ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te powders were charged at one end of mold and ($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ powders were charged at the other end of a mold. Then these powders were hot-pressed to form p-type ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te/($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ functional gradient materials with the segment ratios (the ratio of ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te to ($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ ) of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1. Power generation characteristics of the ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te/($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ were measured. When the temperature difference ΔT at both ends of the specimen was larger than $300^{\circ}C$, the ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te/($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ with the segment ratios of 1:2 and 1:1 exhibited larger output power than those of the ($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ and 0.5 at% $Na_2$ Te-doped ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te alloys. The maximum output power of the ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te/($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ predicted with the measured Seebeck coefficient and the estimated electrical resistivity was in good agreement with the measured maximum output power.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1991년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.269-273
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• 1991

High Tc oxide superconductor with a Tc above 100 K has been successfully prepared by solid state reaction method in added-Pb BiSrCaCuO system. As compared with 123 compound, the formation reaction of the high Tc requires long time heat treatment. It is due to the transformation from the low Tc phase to high Tc phase. The sintering just below the melting point of the calcined powder mixture is effective on the formation of the high Tc phase in BiSrCaCuO system to be added with Pb. The growth of the high Tc superconducting phase has a thin plate shape, which is characterized by the c parameter of 37${\AA}$. The formation kinetics is also investigated in the samples with different Bi/Pb ratio and the 30% Pb addition is most preferable for the formation of the high Tc phase. The formation of the high Tc phases is delayed by the excessive addition of Pb. The lattice parameter(c) of the unit cell(both the low and high Tc phases) is increased with increase of Pb.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술회의 초록집
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• pp.11-11
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• 2010

In order to design for nano structured materials with enhanced thermoelectric properties, the alloys in the pseudo-binary $Bi_2Te_3$-PbTe system were investigated for their micro structure and thermal properties. For this synthesis the liquid alloys were cooled by water quenching method. The micro structure images were taken by using electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA). Dendritic and lamellar structures were clearly observed with the variation in the composition ratio between $Bi_2Te_3$ and PbTe. It was confirmed that a metastable compounds is $PbBi_2Te_4$ in the The $Bi_2Te_3$-PbTe system. The change in the composition increasing $Bi_2Te_3$ ratio causes to change structure from dendritic to lamellar. Seebeck coefficient of alloys 5 which the mixture rate of $Bi_2Te_3$ is 83% was measured as the highest value. In contrast, the others decreased by increasing $Bi_2Te_3$. n-type characteristics was observed at all condition except alloy 6 which $Bi_2Te_3$ ration is 91%. The power factors of all samples were calculated with Seebeck coefficient and resistivity. Also the thermal conductivity was measured by using laser flash analyzer (LFA). In this work, the microstructures and thermal properties have been measured as a function of ratio of $Bi_2Te_3$ in the $Bi_2Te_3$-PbTe system.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.664-670
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• 1998

고순도의 Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Gu-O 초전도 분말의 얻기 위하여 액상법의 하나인 이멀젼 건조방법이 응용되었다. 다양한 합성 변수 중 오일과 용액의 계면활설제의 혼합비율을 조정하여 고순도의 Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Gu-O 초전도 분말을 성공적으로 얻을 수 있었다. 이 공정의 최적 혼합비율은 70:20:10이였다. 관측된 분말을 구형이었으며 마이크론 크기 이하의 균일한 크기를 보였다. 최적의 소결조건에 한에 $840^{\circ}C$ 50시간의 열처리를 통하여 거의 108K를 갖는 초전도 분말이 얻어졌다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2001

Sn-3Ag-8Bi-5In 솔더는 중온계 무연솔더의 하나로서 개발되었다. In함유 솔더는 고가이지만, 솔더의 융점은 Sn-Ag-Cu 합금계보다 낮다. 본 연구에서 사용된 Sn-3Ag-8Bi-5In 솔더의 용융범위는 188~$204^{\circ}C$ 사이이다. 본 연구에서는 Sn-3Ag-8Bi-5In 솔더의 무연솔더로서의 적용가능성을 조사하기 위하여 솔더의 젖음특성을 평가하였다. Sn-3Ag-8Bi-5In 솔더의 젖음성을 기존 솔더 및 다른 무연솔더와 비교하기 위하여 Sn-37Pb, Sn-3.5Ag 공정솔더의 젖음특성도 조사하였다. 실험결과 영점시간과 젖음시간은 Sn-3Ag-8Bi-5In솔더의 경우 $240^{\circ}C$에서 각각 1.1, 2.2 초로서 Sn-37Pb 및 Sn-3.5Ag 무연솔더에 비하여 비슷하거나 다소 우수하였다. 또한, Sn-3Ag-8Bi-5In의 평형젖음력은 $240^{\circ}C$에서 5.8 mN으로 Sn-37Pb 솔더보다 낮고 Sn-3.5Ag 솔더보다 높았다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.3 No.2
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• pp.597-600
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• 2002

Electrical properties of $\{(Sr_xCa_{1-x})_{0.95-y-z}Bi_2Pb_{0.05+y}\})Ti_{1.02}O_3$ ceramic were studied as a function of Sr/Ca ratio and Bi, Pb contents. Dielectric properties of specimens with different x, y, z values were explained in terms of ionic polarizability with Molecular Additionally Rules and Clausius-Mosotti equation. For the composition of $\{(Sr_{0.62}Ca_{0.38})_{0.90}Bi_{0.01}Pb_{0.09}\})Ti_{1.02}O_3$ and $\{(Sr_{0.62}Ca_{0.38})_{0.905}Bi_{0.015}Pb_{0.08}\})Ti_{1.02}O_3$, dielectric constant$({\varepsilon}_r)$, quality factor(Q) and temperature coefficient(TC) were 389, 3048, -1490 and 394, 1869, -1340 at 1MHz, respectively.