• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to present base data for an efficient management of medical expenses at the hospital management by doing grasp of status of medical expenses from seamen's insurance by voluntary agreements. A Object of study is analyzing the data of medical expenses occurred from the total number of 2,699(inpatients 507, outpatients 2,192)cases who were covered by seamen's insurance at a general hospital which is located in Pusan Metropolitan City during 48 months from January 1, 2009 to Dec 31, 2012. The main results of this study are as follows: accrual medical expenses are the ship management companies member of P&I insurance is the most highest but share of receivables are the Korean ocean-going companies member of P&I insurance is the most highest, therefore, Korean ocean-going companies focus strictly than the payments from accounts receivable management should be considered to reduce the occurrence and concerning the turn around period of medical receivables are 4 months to 6 months during a research period. Therefore, it will be needed for managers of hospitals to prepare differentiated management based on the characteristics of each in insurer and to have recovery strategies of uncollected medical expenses.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.253-269
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• 2006

This study examined the economic structure of male one-person households, and investigated how it differed by male's age and marital status. Specifically household incomes, expenditure patterns, assets, debts, and other demographic variables were compared by age and marital status. From the 2000 National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure conducted by Korea National Statistical Office(KNSO), 1,389 male one-person households were selected. The findings of this study were as follows: First, the economic status of male one-person households was unstable. They were more likely to depend on labor incomes and transfer incomes, and had less property incomes and total assets. Their average propensity to consumption was higher than that of general households. Second, the economic structure of male one-person households showed large differ+useholders in age 50s allocated $48\%$ of household expenditure to the non- consumption categories, especially child or (ex)spouse support payments. The economic status of householders in age 60s and over was inferior to those of the other groups. Third, there were considerable differences in the economic status of male householders who had different marital status. Divorced and separated males had higher incomes and expenditures, but assigned large portion of their incomes to the non-consumption categories. Widowers' level of economic living, such as incomes, expenditures, and assets, was the worst among male one-person households.

• 한국지능정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지능정보시스템학회 1999년도 추계학술대회-지능형 정보기술과 미래조직 Information Technology and Future Organization
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• pp.347-354
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• 1999

The credit rating represents an assessment of the relative level of risk associated with the timely payments required by the debt obligation. In this paper, we present a new approach to credit rating of customers based on the rough set theory. The concept of a rough set appeared to be an effective tool for the analysis of customer information systems representing knowledge gained by experience. The customer information system describes a set of customers by a set of multi-valued attributes, called condition attributes. The customers are classified into groups of risk subject to an expert's opinion, called decision attribute. A natural problem of knowledge analysis consists then in discovering relationships, in terms of decision rules, between description of customers by condition attributes and particular decisions. The rough set approach enables one to discover minimal subsets of condition attributes ensuring an acceptable quality of classification of the customers analyzed and to derive decision rules from the customer information system which can be used to support decisions about rating new customers. Using the rough set approach one analyses only facts hidden in data, it does not need any additional information about data and does not correct inconsistencies manifested in data; instead, rules produced are categorized into certain and possible. A real problem of the evaluation of the evaluation of credit rating by a department store is studied using the rough set approach.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.422-425
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• 2012

기존의 한국 아이폰 유저들은 앱스토어를 이용하면서 달러로 어플리케이션을 결제했어야 했다. 그러나 더 이상 애플도 한국 앱스토어에 원화 결제 도입에 대해 생각해야만 할 것이다. 달러 결제를 고집하던 애플이 아직 매출 비중도 낮은 한국에서 방향을 전환할 계기는 세계 3위에 오른 다운로드 건수이다. 그 만큼 한국시장의 성장 잠재력은 무궁무진하다. 그래서 본 연구는 아이폰 기반 원화 결제 시스템 도입으로 한국 애플시장의 변화와 아이튠즈 도입으로 인한 가격변동과 원화 결제시 발생될 한국 애플시장 확대의 장점만큼 그에 따른 문제점을 분석하여 보기로 하였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2017

With the increased economic profit in China, people tend to give more attention to the nurturing of children. The change in the food markets directly connected to the infants' health seem to have brought various consumption patterns different than before. Based on the actual condition survey operated by this research, the expansion in the scale of consumption and preference to the imported food for infants appeared in the Chinese food markets for infants. The rapidly increased amount of the online purchases of the food for Chinese infants was checked through the condition survey. Based on the analysis results, with the purpose of increasing the purchase opportunities of the Korean food for infants to the Chinese consumers, it should not only perform the promotion activities such as the promotion for the product's superiority and various promotional event, but also establish the pricing strategy for each entry step to the Chinese market. Because the purchase experience of the Korean food for infant plays the important role for the additional payments decision, it is estimated that there is a need to expand the opportunities for the Chinese consumers to approach the Korean food for infants both directly and indirectly.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.205-222
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to examine urban household's monthly expenses for public pension and to analyze the contributing factors. Data for this study were from the 2002 Urban Household Survey and consisted of a sample of 21,093 urban households. Statistics used for the analysis were frequencies, means, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. The major findings were as follows ; First, the average urban household monthly payment for the public pension was 104,036 won, consisting of 102,757 won for single earner households and 106,014 won for dual earner households. Second, the highest expenses for monthly public pension was urban households, followed by male household head(HH), HH's age from 41-50 years, HH's educational level was college, HH's job was public servant, family didn't live in Seoul, family w3s an extended family and family owned the house. Third, the significant factors affecting the urban household's monthly public pension were HH's gender, age, educational level, type of job, region, type of family, number of children, type of earner, monthly total income, increase of asset in a month and house ownership.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.805-810
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• 2012

현재는 스마트폰의 대중화로 인한 NFC의 응용범위가 확대되고 있다. NFC의 확대는 전자결제의 보편화를 의미한다. 그러므로 NFC의 보안은 매우 중요한 사안이다. NFC에 사용되고 있는 암호기법은 AES-128이므로 안전한 방식이다. 그러나 NFC의 활용범위가 증대될수록 이러한 암호기법은 현재까지만 안전하다는 것을 의미한다. 본 논문에서는 NFC의 발전에 따른 안전성에 문제가 발생되지 않도록 하기 위한 방식을 제안한다. 제안된 A-NFC 방식은 비대칭형 방식의 인증기능을 부가함으로서, NFC, NFC-USIM 칩셋에 적용하기 용이하며 보편적 NFC 환경에 잘 적응할 수 있도록 하기 위한 것이다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.111-129
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• 2014

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the disputes concerning the 1982 moratorium on commercial whaling and the standing rights of other natural objects. Basically, the debates has arisen from the very nature of whales and other natural resources, that is to say, a mixed good of consumptive and non-use value. The debates between pro- and anti-moratorium states regarding whaling may not find out a peaceful solution without compromise or negotiation since any international institution for official settlements does not exist. If the pro-states could provide anti-states with a certain type of economic incentive which is side payments, anti-states might offer self-restraint not to whale. Here, it would be considered to apply Kaldor-Hicks compensation principles to this problem. Since 1965, some countries such as the United States and Japan began to recognize the standing right of natural objects. Even though rejected, the newt case in Korea was brought to the Supreme Court. If a standard of living increases significantly to a higher level(i.e. more than per capita income US$30,000), there would be a tendency of valuing natural objects and their beauty more and more highly.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.59-71
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• 1993

Evaluation methods are employed in environmental impact assessment to choose between different project site, to determine the required measures to compensate impact and to decide whether the environmental impacts are more important than the social or economic effects of a project. The main obstacles that restrict use of quantitative evaluation method are a Lack of knowledge about the environmental effects (e.g. if impacts on wildlife or landscape amenities are predicted) and the relative importance of economic and social issues compared with nature conservation stability of ecosystem or landscape beauty. In Germany, the most common method for site planning is the "ecological risk analysis". It is a kind of multi-criteria-decision-method based on quantitative and qualitative description and ordinal ranking. The various kinds of "ecological balancing methods" that are more recently developed (within the last decade) to quantify the required amount for compensatory measures instead often use cardinal figures to express the value of ecosystems, the intensity of impacts, the need for additional measures to compensate for long recuperative periods when restoring ecosystems and so on. There are still only a view attempts to quantify decisions between environmental and socio-economic issues. Multicriteria-analysis as well as cost-benifit-analysis was used. Some new approaches which are still in a preliminary status are based on contingent valuation and on calculations for compensatory payments (instead of compensatory measures).

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.315-318
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• 2009

유비쿼터스 환경에서는 다양한 서비스를 구매하기 위한 지불 시스템이 필요하며, 빈번한 거래에 지불 처리 비용을 최소화하는 소액 지불 시스템이 요구되고 있다. 또한 장치가 계속적으로 온라인임을 보장할 수 없기 때문에 그 중 일부가 오프라인인 경우에도 사용할 수 있는 지불 시스템이 요구된다. 이러한 상황을 해결하기 위해 다른 시스템은 중앙의 브로커를 사용하는데, 대부분의 소액 지불 시스템의 문제는 브로커에 부하가 집중된다는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 유비쿼터스 환경을 위한 분산 해시 테이블 기반의 Peer-to-Peer 소액 지불 시스템을 이용해 온라인이 아니어도 지불할 수 있고, 브로커의 부하를 최소화하는 지불 시스템을 제안한다.