• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2013

본 논문은 국내외 중소형 국제물류기업들 간의 화물 운송을 위한 화물 및 공간에 대한 등록과 검색, 공개입찰과 협상, 계약, 지급과 안전보장, 그리고 운송 등에 관해 인터넷, 무선 통신 수단, 또는 스마트폰 등으로 접속 및 중개할 차별화된 IGILMS(internet-based global integrated logistics management system)의 구조를 제시한다. 그리고 IGILMS를 위한 B2B 온라인 시장의 고객 맞춤형 서비스 제공 모형과 이행 단계의 구조 및 통제에 대해 설명하고, 인터넷 기반의 글로벌 물류 관리 시스템을 위한 IGILMS의 기술적인 구성을 제공한다. 또한 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안한 시스템의 효율성을 검증한다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.41-82
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• 2017

This paper studies the risks associated with local finance in Korea by identifying the financial status of each local government, including the financial burdens of PPP projects, and examined governmental future burdens related to PPP projects. We reviewed all fiscal burdens associated with projects, such as, for BTL (Build-Transfer-Lease) types of projects, facility lease and operating expenses, and, for the BTO (Build-Transfer-Operate) types of projects, construction subsidies that are paid at the construction stage, MRG (Minimum Revenue Guarantee) payments and the government's share of payment. Furthermore, we compared the annual expenditures of local governments on PPP projects against their annual budgets and checked if the 2% ceiling rule could be applied.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제58권
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• pp.3-33
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to examine the problems in exercising buyer's right to claim damages for the breach of contract by the seller in international sales contract and to suggest reasonable counter-measures. The main contents are as follows: First, this author analyzed the principles of the seller's liability for damages in detail and examined the methods for the calculation of damages on the basis of Arts.74~77. As these articles are found to be insufficient in practical application, this author further examined the UNIDROIT Principles(2004) to confirm whether these Principles can fill the gaps of CISG or not, which turned out their gap-filling functions. Second, this author tried to find any expected problems when the buyer resorts to the right to claim damages in case of the seller's breach of contract including the estimation of damages, the burden of proof, causation, the proof of appropriateness for avoidance, the proof of buyer's obligation to mitigate the loss and so on. The reason is that these problems may cause a lot of difficulties in real business. As result, many buyers have given up their reasonable rights to claim damages so far. Finally, from the buyer's perspective, this author would like to suggest a liquidated damage clause(LD Clause) which gives the buyer to received a specified sum in case of seller's non-performance and/or a demand guarantee(or standby L/C) which guarantees buyer to secure unconditional payment independent of the underlying contract. For these purposes, the buyer should try to insert the LD Clause and/or Guarantee Clause in the contract when the buyer and the seller negotiate the sales contract. Also there are a lot of considerations and limitations in using the LD Clause and the Guarantee Clause in their real business, mainly dependent up bargain power between the seller and the buyer, for which this author promise to examine in detail in the future.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.155-183
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• 2012

Means-Ends Network model was used to identify factors of means objective(means supplied by vendor) and fundamental objectives(purchasing motivations) for purchasing decision-making structure and dimensions of customer values on purchasers of internet shopping mall in Korea and China. In Means-Ends Network 6 factors(shopping travel, shipping assurance, vendor trust, online payment, product choice, and recommender systems) were found as a means objectives and 3 factors(shopping convenience, internet environment, customer support) as a fundamental objectives of shopping. However the results of hypotheses test for Means-Ends Network show some important differences between two countries. Something important to notice here is that Chinese customers shopping in China recognize shipping assurance factor and vendor trust factor as important factors satisfying all fundamental objectives unlike as in the case of our country. As these two factors are attribution factors responsible to the sellers, it is identified that customers do not trust the sellers and sellers have not met the expectations of customers. Therefore, these results show that the seller efforts assuring the reliability of the seller themselves, such as conducting its own compensation scheme are more important rather than the establishment of the guarantee institution to guarantee reliability and delivery assurance of sellers and implementation of legal and institutional apparatus such as the settlement of e-commerce licence system. Though this study presents such an important marketing implications, it can be pointed out that the limits are this research was done on the general Internet shopping malls without considering the Internet shopping mall types of diversity, the survey was designed around the student samples for convenience of the investigation because it was an international survey and the collected data has been limited to the western coast cities, such as China's Beijing, Shanghai, and Dalian.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.345-366
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• 2012

팩토링(factoring)의 역사는 중세시대까지 거슬러 올라갈 수 있지만 현대적 팩토링은 식민지시절 미국에서 시작되어 1960년대 영국으로 전파되면서 오늘날 유럽에서 가장 발전된 모습을 보이고 있다. 영국의 팩토링은 격지거래의 불확실성과 불편함을 해소하고자 판매지에서 상업대리인(mercantile agent)의 역할을 수행하기 위해 시작되어 점차 금융기능에 초점을 맞춘 오늘날의 팩토링 구조로 발전하였다. 미국에서의 팩토링 또한 상업대리인 형태로 출발하였으며 이후 팩터들의 활동이 수탁판매와 지급보증 뿐 아니라 선급금융 서비스로 확대되는 과정을 거쳐 왔다. 영미의 팩토링산업은 오늘날 전문팩터와 은행팩터, 두 유형의 기관들에 의해 운영되고 있고 특히 중소기업금융에 특화되어 있다. 이는 상대적으로 열악한 재무구조와 채무관리능력을 지닌 중소기업들에 대해 민간 최종대부자의 역할을 팩터가 수행함을 의미하는 한편 팩터에게는 충분한 신용조사능력이 요구됨을 의미한다. 우리나라 수출자의 수출 결제조건이 지속적으로 불리해져 결제리스크 관리와 무역금융의 보완 수단이 필요한 상황에서 팩토링의 활성화는 시급하며 중요하다. 우리나라 중소 수출기업들이 수출팩토링을 적극 활용할 수 있도록 시중은행은 신용조사역량을 확보해야 하는 한편 정부는 팩토링이 활성화될 수 있도록 정책적 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2004

This study examined in detail the Japanese system of redressing consumers' losses and the overall consumer administrative system and compared them with the Korean counterpart to seek for a direction of reforming the systems. Several policy suggestions could be made as follows to activate the systems and improve the performances of the consumer administration in both Japan and Korea. First, in Japan, consumer center must be efficiently operated while private consumer groups, firms, consumer agencies and other organizations must actively join to actively redress consumers' losses and implement other consumer policies. Second, in Korea, regional consumer policies are weak so that they must learn Japanese well-developed regional consumer administration system by examining their current development, strengths, and weaknesses. Third, working conditions must be urgently improved, increasing the number of consumer counselors who are involved in consumer policies as well as to guarantee minimum level of their payment. On the other hand, the trend of hiring married and old employees being responsible for implementing consumer policies in Japan must be improved. Fourth, divisions of works in consumer policies among consumer groups as well as their specialization in Korea are necessary. Finally, as counseling of consumers through internet were not available in Japan, that type of counseling must introduce and become more popular in the future.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.14-42
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• 1996

민간 시장에서의 경쟁의 실패는 일반적으로 정부개입과 규제의 대표적인 근거를 제공한다. 하지만 보건의료분야는 정보의 비대칭성, 의료보험의 보편화, 고가의료기술 및 장비에 의한 비용상승 등과 같은 특수성으로 인하여, 정부가 단순히 충분한 의료공급자나 병원의 수를 보장함으로써 가격의 하락과 서비스 양의 증가와 같은 경쟁의 효과를 기대하기 힘들다. 본 논문은 경쟁과 규제와 관련한 보건의료의 특수성과, 보건의료분야에서 경쟁이 소비자 후생에 미치는 영향에 관한 이론 및 실증분석의 결과들을 고찰한다. 나아가 경쟁과 규제가 조화된 지속가능한(sustainable) 보건의료체계를 위해, 병원설비투자의 직접적인 규제로부터 규제를 통해 경쟁을 촉진시키는 인센티브규제(incentive regulation)로서의 지불보상제도 그리고 필요한 정보의 제공을 통한 시장기능의 회복에 이르는, 정부가 집행할 수 있는 효과적인 정책도구들을 분석한다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.17-33
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• 2003

The explosive growth of the internet-based transactions requires not only a secure payment system but also an appropriate trust measuring methodology and secure transaction protocols to guarantee the minimal risk for the transacting entities involved in specific transactions. Especially, in internet auction systems where either buyers or sellers or both can be more than one in one transaction, providing those systems that make sure no one transacting entity takes a major risk becomes critical. In this paper, an improved trust measuring method using a relationship-based internet community for an auction system is proposed. The proposed system incorporates fuzzy set and calculation concepts to help build trust matrices and models, which is used to measure the level of risk involved in a specific auction trade concerned. Also, to optimize the auction trade process in terms of cost and time, the proposed system recommends a differentiated trade protocol according to the risk level involved in each auction trade. To test the appropriateness of the proposed trusted auction system, a prototype system has been developed under a Windows-NT environment.

• 의료법학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.11-38
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• 2012

The Supreme Court stand in the position in specific lawsuit that it doesn't allow the discretionary not covered service, but recently in revocation suit of fine disposal that is imposed on medical fee of leukemia patient, it altered the existing adjudgement and admitted the discretionary not covered service exceptionally. It put forward the allowable condition roughly in that case. According as this alteration, it has become more important to embody the allowance conditions of exceptions. The Supreme Court presented three things, which are procedural condition, medical condition and subscriber's agreement. Concerning procedural condition, several present conciliation procedures are as follows: medical care benefit arret request, relative value conciliation etc, prior request on anti-cancer drug among chemicals which exceed acceptance criteria, request of non benefit object on common drugs. To be granted the existence of those system, there should be no obstacle to use that. Even if it were so, we should take circumstances into consideration; individual situation is unescapable concerning substance and urgency of the discretionary not covered service, process of the procedure, time required etc. Regarding medical condition, safety and effectiveness will be verified through evaluation procedures of new medical skill. About the necessity, the Supreme Court made clear through a sentence that it allow the discretionary not covered service, in case that needs to treat a patient out of the standard of medical benefit. Strict interpretation is right and it answer the purpose of the sentence that the supreme court permit the discretionary not covered service, exceptionally. We need to differentiate medical necessity and medical validity. Subscriber's agreement should holds true if it entails full explanation, and if it is preliminary, explicit and individual. On this account, it should be difficult to admit that someone agree effectively when he call for the affirmation that he is recipient of medical care. Reasonable expense needs to be a part of review whether the agreement is valid. Meanwhile If we adjust system of medical expense and eventually reorganize a fee for consultation payment system (Fee-for-service controlled by item to DRG (Diagnosis Related Groups)), controversial area of the discretionary not covered service will be decreased and that will guarantee the discretion of the doctor.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제30권7_8호
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• pp.408-416
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• 2003

전자화폐는 안전성이 제공되어야 하고 이중사용이 방지되어야 하며, 사용자의 편의를 위해 분할성을 만족하는 것이 바람직하다. 분할성은 사용자가 발급받은 전자화폐를 화폐의 총액을 넘지 않는 범위내에서 사용자가 원하는 대로 나누어 사용할 수 있는 성질이다. 분할성을 만족함으로써 거스름돈의 발생을 줄일 수 있고 여러 번의 인출과정을 수행하지 않아도 되는 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이중해쉬체인에 기반한 분할 가능한 전자화폐 프로토콜에 대하여 제안한다. 전자화폐는 이중해쉬체인에 의해 서로 다른 액면금액을 가진 동전으로 구성된다. 전자화폐의 분할성은 지불인증을 이용하여 만족된다. 지불인증이란 은행으로부터 받은 은행의 대리서명 키 쌍으로서, 높은 액면금액의 동전을 낮은 액면금액의 동전으로 분할할 때 은행대신 서명을 하여 동전의 정당성을 인증 받을 수 있다 제안된 방법은 사용자의 익명성을 제공하지는 않지만 해쉬함수를 이용하여 수행속도가 빠르고 위조 불가능한 동전을 생성하며, 분할성을 만족함으로써 사용자가 편리하게 이용할 수 있는 장점이 있다.