• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

This paper attempts to measure the impact of non-financial factors including analyst practices and broker resources on performance of sell side research. Results reveal that these non-financial factors have a measurable impact on performance of target price forecasts. Number of pages written by an analyst (surrogate for analyst practice) is significantly and directly linked with target price accuracy indicating a more elaborate analyst produces better target price forecasts. Analyst compensation (surrogate for broker resource) is significantly and inversely linked with target price accuracy. Out performance by analysts working with lower paying firms is possibly associated with motivation to migrate to higher paying broking firms. The study finds that employing more number of analysts per research report has no significant impact on target price accuracy -negative coefficient indicates that team work may not result in better target price forecasts. Though insignificant, long term forecast horizon negatively affects target price accuracy while stock volatility improves target price accuracy.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2021

This study examined the effect of Debt Equity Ratio (DER), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Size on stock prices with company performance as measured by Return on Assets (ROA) as a mediating variable. The sample used is 136 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the 2014-2018 period. This research was tested using a Warp PLS statistical test tool to prove the proposed hypothesis. The results showed that DER has a significant negative effect on ROA and a significant positive effect on Stock Price. NPM has a significant positive effect on ROA as well as a significant positive effect on Stock Price. While Size has a significant positive effect on ROA but has no effect on Stock Price. ROA has a significant positive effect on Stock Price. ROA does not act as a mediating variable in the relationship between Size and Stock Price; however, ROA acts as a mediating variable in the DER and Stock Price relationship, as well as, in the relationship between NPM and Stock Price. The implications of the results of this study can be used by investors in making investment decisions, paying attention to the company's financial aspects, namely DER, NPM, Size, and ROA.

• IE interfaces
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.295-303
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• 2011

This paper presents a discrete time optimal asset buying problem with a predetermined final deadline where an available budget is limited. A cost is paid to search for assets called the search cost. A seller who shows up offers a price for the asset and then the buyer decides whether or not to buy the asset by comparing the offered price to his optimal selection threshold. When the budget becomes less than the search cost or the price of the asset the buyer can get a necessary loan with some interests. We clarify the properties of the buyer's optimal selection threshold in order to maximize the expected value of budget which is left after paying all the search costs and the price of the asset at that point in time.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.85-103
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to figure out the urban low-income consumers' present possesion condition of electric appliances, the way of purchasing, shopping scope of groceries and electric appliances, and the shopping scope and information seeking behavior of groceries and electric appliances according to the socioeconomic variables, and the shopping scope of electric appliances according to the way of paying price. For this purpose 129 low-income consumers living in Inchon were interviewed through questionnares. Finally 100 questionnares were analyzed. The first major of this study is that the possesion rates of color television set and refrigerator are comparativelyl high, while those of washing machine, record player and camera are low. In case of electric appliances, consumers usually purchase things on credit and as a shopping place, they usually go to a commercial agent. In case of groceries, they usually buy things for cash, and in case of one price labeled groceries they usually buy things at a supermarket. Second, according to the way of paying price, the shopping scope of some electric appliances is broader in case of purchase for cach than in case of purchase on credit. Third, the shopping scope and information seeking behavior classified by the socioeconomic variables according to the income, age and education. That is as the income and education become higher and the age becomes lower, the shopping scope becomes broader, mass media information source is much more uaed and the frequency of seeking becomes higher. Through this study, I would like to suggest the followings. (1) The problem of low-income consumers is closely connected with the low education level, so it can be solved a bit through consumer education. (2) Especially the consumers' problem is more serious in case of those who are aged and get very low income and education. Therefore special attention is needed to those consumers.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.199-224
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• 2013

Section I of Chapter III ('Obligations of the Buyer') in Part III ('Sale of Goods') of the CISG consists of six articles addressing one of the fundamental buyer obligations described in article 53 of the CISG: the obligation to pay the price. Although the amount of the price that the buyer must pay is usually specified in the contract, two articles in Section I contain rules governing the amount of the price in particular special circumstances: article 55 specifies a price when one is not fixed or provided for in the contract, and article 56 specifies the way to determine the price when it is 'fixed according to the weight of the goods'. The remaining four provisions in Section I relate to the manner of paying the price: they include rules on the buyer's obligation to take steps preparatory to and to comply with formalities required for paying the price (article 54); provisions on the place of payment (article 57) and the time for payment (article 58); and an article dispensing with the need for a formal demand for payment by the seller (article 59). Especially article 53 states the principal obligations of the buyer, and serves as an introduction to the provisions of Chapter III. As the CISG does not define what constitutes a 'sale of goods', article 53, in combination with article 30, also sheds light on this matter. The principal obligations of the buyer are to pay the price for and take delivery of the goods 'as required by the contract and this CISG'. From this phrase, as well as from article six of the CISG, it follows that, where the contract provides for the performance to take place in a manner that differs from that set forth in the CISG, the parties' agreement prevails.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.361-388
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• 2023

In this study, we deal with American lookback option prices on dividend-paying assets under a stochastic volatility (SV) model. By using the asymptotic analysis introduced by Fouque et al. [17] and the Laplace-Carson transform (LCT), we derive the explicit formula for the option prices and the free boundary values with a finite expiration whose volatility is driven by a fast mean-reverting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. In addition, we examine the numerical implications of the SV on the American lookback option with respect to the model parameters and verify that the obtained explicit analytical option price has been obtained accurately and efficiently in comparison with the price obtained from the Monte-Carlo simulation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2015

During the last two decades the idea that central bank independence and transparency helps to maintain price stability, became popular among economists and central bankers. Many countries' governments give their monetary authorities higher independence and transparency to achieve the price stability goal. However, emerging countries such as Kazakhstan, suffer from high inflation. This inflation occurs largely due to a low level of independence and transparency of central banks. This research project measures the current level of independence and transparency of central bank of Kazakhstan. Indices were used to measure central bank independence and transparency. Central bank independence was measured by two types of indices: based on central bank laws (legal independence) and based on central banks governor's turnover (TOR). Developing countries have a weak legal framework, implying that a legal independence index cannot be appropriate to use as a measures of actual independence. Therefore, by paying attention to the other two indices, we can say that the central bank of Kazakhstan has a low level of independence and transparency. This, in turn, can be one of the causes of high inflation in Kazakhstan.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.55
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• pp.95-124
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• 2012

Referring to Buyer's obligations, the Buyer must pay the price for the goods and take delivery of them as required by the contract. There are vital importances to the Buyer's Fundamental Breach. The legal effects of a breach of contract do not depend on the nature of the obligation broken, but on the consequences of the breach the detriment to the other party. The obligations mentioned to Article 53 are primary obligations which are to be fulfilled in the normal performance of the contract. They include a number of different acts which could be seen as the subject-matter of different obligations. CISG gives further details for the payment of the price in Articles 54 to 59 and for taking delivery in Article 60. The buyer has to take delivery at the respective place within a reasonable period after this communication since he cannot be required to take delivery immediately. Refusing to take delivery in case of delay not constituting a ground for avoiding the contract makes no sense, since this would lead to even later delivery. For the understanding of Buyer's Fundamental Breach, We need to search the Cases referring to the breach of buyer's main obligations.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.17
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• pp.111-136
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to review the improvement method of Korea capital gains tax according to the alienation of the real estate, and to suggest an improvement plan. The study has been carried out by reviewing the related literatures. Capital gains tax could be calculated either using the actual price of sale or the standard prices. Korea capital gains tax has been revised many times since 1975 when it was first enacted. Initially the actual price of sale was the default rule and the standard prices was allowed only exceptionally if the actual price of sale could not be detected. The actual price of sale rather than the standard prices should be used for determining the capital gains tax on the transfer. By doing so, the desired principles of taxation such as "principle of taxation on tax paying ability". In conclusion, the present capital gains tax of Korea should be improved in many aspects in order to promote income redistribution function and efficient allocation of resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.3_4 s.141
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• pp.547-560
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to segment Chinese career women by experience in purchasing Korean clothing and to analyze and compare clothing purchasing behavior between the 2 groups and to provide useful information to Korean manufacturers for establishment of marketing strategies for China. The subjects were 602 career women of middle and high class In their 20's and 30's. A total of 602 questionnaires were analyzed by using frequency, mean, Cronbach's $\alpha$, factor analysis, t-test and $X^2$-analysis. The results were as follows: 1. The demographic variables such as an age, residential city, marriage, and total monthly income were proven to be significantly different between the 2 groups except an academic background. 2. The clothing purchase behavior variables such as purchasing motive, using informants, clothing selection standards, store selection standards, purchasing place, satisfaction after purchasing clothes, shopping time, average monthly expenditure on clothing, purchasing frequency of casual wear, purchasing price, and paying method were proven to be significantly different between the 2 groups. However, the clothing purchase behavior variables such as purchasing frequency of formal wear and purchasing price of fur coat and sweater were proven not to be significantly different between the 2 groups.