• 제목/요약/키워드: Pay level

검색결과 696건 처리시간 0.027초

치과위생사의 근무환경 연구 -근무기관·경력·지역을 중심으로- (A study on work environments for dental hygienists: - focusing on kind of workplace. career and service area)

  • 류정숙;김영남;한경순
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.135-151
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the work environments of dental hygienists, to find out about what problems there were with their work environments and ultimately to help improve their work environments. It's basically intended to pave the way for furthering the welfare and interests of dental hygienists. The subjects in this study were dental hygienists who were selected by random sampling from among the members of Korean Dental Hygienists Association. Approximately 20 percent of the members each were selected from every region across the nation, and their work environments were investigated in consideration of the kind of their workplaces, service area, career and field of duties. As for the demographic characteristics of the dental hygienists investigated, there were differences between those who worked in the field of health care and the clinical workers. More of the former were older and married, and the former was ahead of the latter in career and education as well. Regarding working hours and leave of absence by kind of workplace, the number of regular average holidays was different according to their place of employment. Dental hospitals(6.66 days) and dental clinics(6.81 days) gave their employees less days off on the whole, whereas public dental clinics(19.29 days) granted the dental hygienists the longest leave of absence. Also, there was a broad gap in the number of regular average holidays among different regions in the nation. The dental hygienists who worked in Gangweon province enjoyed the longest holidays(10.88 days), while those on Jeju Island took the shortest vacation(4.46 days). Concerning monthly mean pay by place of employment, those who worked in public dental clinics were paid the best, and the dental hospital employees received the smallest pay. Their monthly mean pay significantly varied with the kind of their workplaces. As to connections between service area and pay level in the event of the dental hygienists with a four-year career, those who served in Seoul were paid the best(1,820,800 won), followed by Gyeonggi province(1,795,800 won), Gyeongsang province(1,604,200 won), metropolitan cities(1,424,800), Gangweon province(1,300,000 won) and Jeolla province(1,016,700 won). In regard to the starting pay in the different areas, the starting pay was largest in Seoul(1,501,800 won) and smallest in Jeolla province(904,000 won). Concerning work environments by place of employment, the dental hygienists in public dental clinics, general hospitals and university hospitals were far older than the others, and the career of the former was much larger than that of the latter. As to the number of regular leave of absence, public dental clinics, general hospitals and university hospitals were different from dental hospitals and clinics in that regard as well. Concerning monthly pay, public dental clinics paid their employees the best, and dental hospitals and clinics were ahead in terms of pay raise. But the reason seemed that public dental clinics and general hospitals increased the pay of their employees based on a fixed wage system and according to a fixed rate at the same time. As for relations between career and work environments, the pay of the dental hygienists differed with their career. The amount and rate of pay raise were largest for those whose career was between four years and less than six years, and smallest for those whose career was between seven years and less than nine years. The above-mentioned findings of the study suggested that in order to give dental hygienists better treatment, pay and welfare benefits should urgently be improved, and that it's required to take actions to boost their job satisfaction. Besides, they should be given more chances to receive education or to take training courses in pursuit of self-development, and how to narrow gaps in work environments among different regions or fields should carefully be considered.

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퍼지이론을 이용한 지불의사액의 추정 (Measurement of Willingness to Pay by Using Fuzzy Theory)

  • 이성태;이광석
    • 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.921-937
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구는 이산선택 조건부가치측정법에 내재되어 있는 응답자의 선호의 불확실성 문제를 퍼지이론을 통해 해결하려 한 것으로, 멸종위기에 처해 있는 한국산 토종반달곰의 보존에 대한 지불의사액을 추정하는 분석과정에 퍼지소속도 함수를 적용하였다. 퍼지소속도 이론은 애매모호한 상황의 불명확성을 추정하는 방법론으로, 이를 조건부가치측정법에 적용하면 해당 환경재에 대한 지불의사액과 응답자들의 진술에 대한 확신도를 동시에 도출해낼 수 있다. 본 연구를 위해 우리나라 7대 광역시에 거주하는 성인남녀 500명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였으며 양분선택형 조건부가치측정법이 사용되었다. 한국산 토종반달곰 보존에 대한 지불의사액은 가구당 월 9,090원으로 계산되었으며 퍼지소속도함수로 계산된 응답의 확신도는 78%인 것으로 추정되었다.

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Public Perceptions and Support of Environmental Management in the Source Area of Drinking Water for Beijing, China

  • Wang, Xiaoyan;Feng, Qing;Zhang, Yafan;Duan, Shuhuai;Novotny, Vladimir
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2010
  • Based on a survey of citizens and data analysis on the environmental status of the Miyun Reservoir watershed, China, the environmental awareness of citizens residing in the watershed and the impacting factors are discussed. The contingent valuation method was used to evaluate the willingness of villagers to pay (WTP) for abatement of the rural domestic pollution and to assess the intensity level of the villagers' desire for improving environmental conditions in the Miyun Reservoir watershed. It was found that rural watershed residents had a fundamental cognitive understanding of the pollution status and protection measures of the Miyun Reservoir. However, based on the survey, local residents had only a small interest in their participation to improve the environmental status of the reservoir, despite their general attitude to protect the reservoir being very positive. Gender and family income were closely associated with the overall attitudes of the population. Public media are the most preferable means for conveying knowledge of environmental protection to people living in the watershed. Increasing the educational level, along with income, are the best ways to enhance the desire of the villagers to improve the environmental quality and management.

Using Predictive Analytics to Profile Potential Adopters of Autonomous Vehicles

  • Lee, Eun-Ju;Zafarzon, Nordirov;Zhang, Jing
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.65-83
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    • 2018
  • Technological advances are bringing autonomous vehicles to the ever-evolving transportation system. Anticipating adoption of these technologies by users is essential to vehicle manufacturers for making more precise production and marketing strategies. The research investigates regulatory focus and consumer innovativeness with consumers' adoption of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and to consumers' subsequent willingness to pay for AVs. An online questionnaire was fielded to confirm predictions, and regression analysis was conducted to verify the model's validity. The results show that a promotion focus does not have a significantly positive effect on the automation level at which consumers will adopt AVs, but a prevention focus has a significantly positive effect on conditional AV adoption. Consumer innovativeness, consumers' novelty-seeking have a significantly positive relationship with high and full AV adoption, and consumers' independent decision-making has a significantly positive effect on full AV adoption. The higher the level of automation at which a consumer adopts AVs, the higher the willingness to pay for them. Finally, using a neural network and decision tree analyses, we show methods with which to describe three categories for potential adopters of AVs.

Post PC의 속성별 소비자 선호 분석 : 조건부 순위결정법을 이용하여 (Consumers' preference about the attributes of Post PC: reaults of a contingent ranking study)

  • 이주석;유승훈;곽승준
    • 기술혁신학회지
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.135-153
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    • 2005
  • With an explosive growth of internet and a change of consumer's demand, Post PC is emerging as a substitute for the existing desktop computer and laptop computer. Post PC is a new computer which is portable with wireless networking, cheaper than the existing PCs and specialized in the specific function that consumers want. Furthermore, the shape and the ability of Post PC are dependent on its specific function. The rudimentary Post PCs such as PDA, web-pad and smart-phone are already usable. And in the future, owing to the progress of technologies, the heterogeneity of relate companies and the low entry barrier, various Post PCs will be developed. In this paper, we analyze consumers' willingness-to-pay for Post PC with the attributes such as the portability, the speed of CPU, the data input method (using key board, or notepad etc), the size of monitor and price. To estimating consumers' willingness-to-pay for the attributes of Post PC, we apply a contingent ranking method, which makes the respondents rank hypothetical Post the portability, the speed of CPU, the data input method (using key board, or notepad etc),the size of monitor and price. To estimating consumers' willingness-to-pay for the attributes of Post PC, we apply a contingent ranking method, which makes the respondents rank hypothetical Post PC alternatives featuring various combinations of attributes, to a survey data collected in Korea. Using the estimated willingness-to-pay, we predict the shape and the ability of future's Post PC and draw policy implications for the national and company level R&D strategies.

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The Regulatory Framework of Taiwan′s Municipal Waste Recycling

  • Lee, Shou-Chien
    • 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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    • pp.19-23
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    • 2001
  • In addition to landfilling and incineration, waste minimization and recycling have become priorities in Taiwan's municipal waste management strategies over the past 10 years. Major recycling initiatives being implemented in Taiwan include producer responsibility, "pay-as-you-throw, " and mandatory sorting provisions. Currently, the producer responsibility regime established under the Waste Disposal Act and administered by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) requires that manufacturers or importers of listed items, including containers, batteries. cars, motorcycles ("scooters"), tires, oil, televisions, refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, computers, and printers, pay recycling fees to government recycling funds. EPA then uses the recycling funds to subsidize collection and recycling. The 2001 recycling fund budget totals NT$57 billion (NT$35 = US$l). Under the producer responsibility regime, EPA-designated retailers ("sellers") must accept end-of-life items returned to them by the consumers. At the local level, Taipei City implements a pay-as-you-throw program, whereby citizens pay waste collection and treatment fees through the purchase of special trash bags approved by the Taipei City Government. However. recyclables that are separated by citizens are collected free-of-charge by the City. Taichung City and Kaohsiung City, on the other hand, enforce mandatory sorting schemes, whereby citizens face penalties if they don't separate recyclables from the trash before pick-up. These programs have resulted in a significant reduction in municipal waste. Per capita waste collected per day has dropped from 1.143 kg in 1997 to 0.978 kg in 2000. Targeting a 10% recycling rate for municipal waste in 2001. EPA plans to research and develop new recycling techniques, expand the scope of producer responsibilities, and strengthen existing municipal recyclable collection programs. To this end, among other initiatives, EPA has prepared a draft "Resource Recycling and Reuse Act" that would complement the existing producer responsibility programs by incorporating into the current recycling framework the concept of product life-cycle management.

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주택의 특성으로서 접근성에 대한 가치분석 (A Value Analysis of Accessibility as an Attribute of Housing)

  • 이소영
    • 한국주거학회논문집
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.43-50
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    • 2011
  • In an aging society, as the number of people with disabilities increases concerns are raised about the quality of life of these people and their access to a safe environment becomes important. The purpose of this study is to find out the value of accessibility as an attribute of housing. To estimate the value of accessible, barrier-free housing, this study uses the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and analyzes the factors which affect the Willingness To Pay (WTP) of survey respondents by using Survival Analysis. In addition, the importance and satisfaction of barrier-free facilities in the dwellings of survey respondents was investigated. Since aging could be an important factor in influencing the need for accessibility, this study surveyed two age groups, one group (212 respondents) of people below the age of 65 and the other (162 respondents) of people above 65. The results of this study show that respondents would pay on average 2.67% more for being barrier-free when answering an open-ended question and 3.87% more for barrier-free housing when using the double referendum model. This is the increase in value that the respondents perceive as a consequence of removing all the architectural barriers from a dwelling. On average, elderly respondents would pay 2.99% of housing price for accessible features compared to 4.40% of the younger group. However, if the elderly who have willingness to pay for accessibility, the value the older group put on barrier-free housing was higher than the value perceived by the younger group. Factors that influence the WTP are importance of barrier-free facilities, education level and housing type. The value of dwellings without barriers estimated in this study shows the potential size and value of this kind of housing market to the housing development sector.

Knowledge, Acceptance, and Willingness to Pay for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccination among Female Parents in Thailand

  • Kruiroongroj, Siraporn;Chaikledkaew, Usa;Thavorncharoensap, Montarat
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권13호
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    • pp.5469-5474
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    • 2014
  • Background: This study aimed to examine the level of knowledge, attitude, acceptance, and willingness to pay (WTP) for HPV vaccination among female parents of girls aged 12-15 years in Thailand. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in eight schools across Bangkok. Results: Of 1,200 questionnaires sent out, a total of 861 questionnaires were received. Knowledge regarding the HPV vaccine among parents was quite low. Only half of the parents knew about the link between HPV and cervical cancer while one-third of them knew that the vaccine should be administered to the children before they become sexually active. Nevertheless, vaccine acceptance was high if it was offered for free: 76.9% for the bivalent and 74.4% for the quadrivalent vaccine. The proportion of respondents who were willing to copay for the vaccine if it was not totally free was also high, ranging from 68.9% for the bivalent to 67.3% for the quadrivalent vaccine. No significant difference between bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines in terms of prevalence of acceptance and willingness to pay was found. About one-third of the participants, who were willing to copay for the vaccine if it was not offered for free, indicated that they would copay less than 500 baht (30 baht = approx US$1) for three doses of bivalent vaccine. Conclusions: Substantial effort should be made to educate parents prior to introduction of a national HPV vaccination program. In terms of acceptance, either bivalent or quadrivalent vaccines can be recommended.

선호강도를 반영한 지불의사액 자료의 준모수적 분석 (Dealing with the Willingness-to-Pay Data with Preference Intensity : A Semi-parametric Approach)

  • 유승훈
    • 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.447-474
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    • 2005
  • 응답자들에 따라 지불의사액(willingness to pay : WTP) 조사에서 응답한 WTP에 대한 확신도, 즉 선호의 강도가 다를 수 있다. 본 연구는 선호강도의 정도에 대한 정보를 얻기 위해 응답자가 응답한 WTP에 대해 선호강도가 어떤지에 대한 응답을 이끌어 내었다. 선호강도를 반영한 WTP 자료의 분석을 위해 본 논문에서는 Type 3 토빗모형의 적용을 고려한다. 이 모형을 추정하기 위해서는 통상 동분산 및 이변량 정규성을 만족하는 오차항 구조를 가정한 모수적 2단계 추정법을 적용한다. 하지만 이 가정들이 만족되지 않는다면 추정치는 비일치적이게 된다. 동분산과 정규성 가설에 대해 검정한 결과 유의수준 1%에서 두 가정은 모두 기각되었다. 따라서 모수적 Type 3 토빗모형을 추정하는데 요구되는 가정은 너무 제약적이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이 모수적 모형에 대한 대안으로 준모수적 Type 3 토빗모형을 적용한다. 분석결과 준모수적 추정은 모수적 추정보다 유의하게 우수하였으며, 더욱더 중요하게는 모수적 모형으로부터 계산된 평균 WTP 추정치는 준모수적 모형으로부터 계산된 것과 유의하게 다름을 알 수 있었다.

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원주시 가구의 상수도 수질개선에 대한 지불의사액 추정 (Household's Willingness to Pay for Piped Water Quality Improvement in Wonju)

  • 유승훈;신철오;양창영
    • 환경정책연구
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.79-103
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    • 2006
  • 본 논문에서는 상수도 수질개선 프로그램을 시행할 계획을 가지고 있는 원주시를 대상으로 하여 상수도 수질개선에 대한 가구의 지불의사액을 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 조건부 가치측정 법(CVM)을 적용하되, CVM 연구에서 지 켜 야 할 다양한 지침을 엄격하게 준수하면서 가구조사를 시행하였다. 구체적으로 원주시 250가구를 무작위로 추출하여 일대일 개별면접을 통해 상수도 수질개선 프로그램에 대해 얼마나 지불할 의사가 있는지를 물었다. 응답자들은 전반적으로 조건부 시장을 잘 받아들였으며 가구당 월평균 1,583원에서 2,776원의 지불의사액을 가지고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 지불의사는 성별, 교육수준, 소득 등과 같은 가구특성변수에 유의하게 영향을 받았다. 이 값을 원주 전체로 확장하였더니 연간 약 19.9억 원에서 34.9억 원에 해당하였다. 이 값은 상수도 수질개선이 경제적으로 바람직한지 여부를 결정하기 위한 비용-편익 분석에서 편익의 값으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

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