• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.23-28
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• 1999

This study measured transpiration rate of urban trees and albedos of urban surfaces, and examined the function of microclimate amelioration by urban greenspace. Transpiration rates of trees were highest in July and August of growing months. Transpiration per unit leaf area for the two months was 300-350 g/$m^2$/h for Platanus occidentalis, 210-270 g/$m^2$/h for Ginkgo biloba and Zelkova serrata, and 130-140 g/$m^2$/h for Acer palmatum. Surface albedos were 0.09 for asphalt paving and 0.68 for white wall, which reveals that light-colored surfaces are better than dark-colored ones to lower the heat build-up. Due to lack of evapotranspiration, concrete surfaces were, at t midafternoon maximum, 8$^{\circ}C$ hotter than grass ones, though the albedo of concrete paving was higher thant that of grass and trees. Summer air temperatures at places with 12% and 22% cover of woody plants were, respectively, 0.6$^{\circ}C$ and 1.4$^{\circ}C$ cooler than a place with no vegetation. To mitigate the impacts of urban heat islands, required are minimization of hard surfaces, light-coloring for building surfaces, and greenspace enlargement including more plantings.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2017

This study evaluated the reduction performance of ambient temperature and the amount of evaporation that takes place depends on the temperature difference of paving blocks which are used in the sidewalk, roadway, parking lot, park, plaza, and etc. The water-retentive block of the LID (Low Impact Development) practice was compared with the conventional concrete block. For the quantitative performance evaluation, experiments were performed in a climatic environment chamber capable of controlling the climatic environment (solar radiation, temperature, humidity, rainfall, and snowfall). The method for performance evaluation was proposed using temperature, humidity, and ambient air of paving blocks which changes according to the solar radiation and the wind speed after the rainfall. As a result, the evaporation amount of the water-retentive block was 2.6 times higher than that of the concrete block, the surface temperature of water-retentive block was $10^{\circ}C$ lower than the concrete block, and the air temperature of water-retentive block was $4.6^{\circ}C$ lower than the concrete block. Therefore, it is analyzed that the water-retentive block with a large amount of evaporation is more effective in reducing the urban heat island phenomenon as compared with the concrete block.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.174-187
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• 2017

For the purpose of evaluating the restoration effect of vegetation, in this study, the areas where vegetation was restored had been monitored for 6 years, from 2008 to 2013. The areas were restored through some techniques by utilizing forest resources and nearby forest resources: biotope restoration method, forest topsoil paving method and small diameter trees planting method. Biotope restoration method is indicated the most similar properties to the existing natural forest just after they were restored because the forest likely to be deteriorated was transplanted. Forest topsoil paving method is expected that long-time will be taken for plants to grow to form the tree layer. However, the method is expected to acquire high restore the places of empty lands such as cutting areas. Community planting method is coverage can be increased for short time, relying on the sizes of planted trees, and the tree layer can be formed. Consequently, this method is expected to create high effect if the sizes of trees are considered after the right judgement of candidate site for restoration. This study is meaningful in that each type of restoration is monitored to observe the change of triggered by the succession process to forest. The study results can play as the reference data which can be utilized and applied to the area requiring vegetation restoration or to the area facing the damage of forest resources.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.737-744
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• 2021

Spray paving minimizes material lost during the construction or repair of a road surface, and it can be done in conjunction with tack coating. This approach involves applying the asphalt mixture at the same time as spraying the tack coat by attaching a spraying device to the asphalt paver. When applying an asphalt overlay to an aged concrete surface, it is important to ensure the adhesion performance between different material properties. Accordingly, there is a need for a tack coat that can be applied by spray paving and that exhibits good adhesive performance on different materials. In this study, bonding strength tests under various conditions were performed to evaluate the basic performance of a tack coat developed for use with a spray paver. The bonding performance of the tack coat was observed to be affected by curing conditions and material lost during construction. The test results also showed that the tensile and shear bonding strengths of the developed tack coat were 1.21 and 1.99 times higher than those of a conventional one, respectively. As a result, the developed tack coat is considered suitable for application to spray paving.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.414-415
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• 2006

• Information Display
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.3-12
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• 2017

In the recent years, significant advances have been made in the development of small form-factor, low power, and low cost 3D-sensing devices based on depth-imaging technologies with real-time performance. This has led to the advent of devices and machines that are able to sense and understand the world, navigate in the environment, and interact naturally with their human users. Human-computer interactions based on touch sensing and speech recognition have already become mainstream, and the rapid developments in 3D sensing is paving the path towards the next level of machine intelligence and interactions. This paper discusses the recent developments in real-time 3D sensing technologies and their emerging system application.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.226-230
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyse the pedestrian environment of the residential area in residential development. The result of the research are follows; first, the pedestrian environment in the apartment quarter is better than independent residential quarter. second, the pedestrian and the automobile use together the street, because the side walk ist not established from the road where the width is narrow. finally, the condition of side walk paving ist bad, so that the pedestrian environmental level decreased badly

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.61-68
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• 1999

This paper describes the method of evaluating the elastic modulus of soil medium by using the Circular Plate Loading Test. The elastic foundaton is considered to be the elastic half-space. The stiffness matrix of elastic half space is drived using Boussinesq's analytical soulution. A numerical examples are presented to verify the validity of this procedure. Also, the numerical results are compared with others by the existing study results. The procedure proposed in this theses can be applied to the design of paving concrete resting on the elastic foundation.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.917-923
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• 2005

Scheduling is one of the main functions in construction project to determine the sequence of activities necessary to complete a project. The scheduling techniques provide important information crucial to a project's success. Highway construction project the paving activity can be considered a linear activity. Linear scheduling technique may be better suited for linear projects than other scheduling techniques. A new type of scheduling in linear project is calling Linear Scheduling Model (LSM). The Project monitoring and controlling is very ease to identify that all the stage of linear project and have more advantages.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2024

It is well known that inequalities enable us to analyze and solve complex problems with precision and efficiency. The inequalities provide powerful tools for establishing bounds, optimizing solutions, and deepening our understanding of mathematical concepts, paving the way for advancements in areas such as optimization, analysis, and probability theory. In this paper, we present some properties for Hadamard-Simpsons type inequalities in the classic integral and Riemann-Liouville fractional integral. We use the convexity of the given function and its first derivative.