• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 2000

A comlementary call line CR2 is curretly used to propagte the Disabled Infectious Single Cycle Herpes Simplex Virus Typee2 (DISC HSV-2) on a small Iaboratory scale upto 15 L. These cultures are initiated by passaging the cells from roller bottle cultures. Whilst this is suitable for the laboratory scale it is totally impractical for use in seeding an industrial manufacturing scaled version of the culture. It is paramount to have a robust system for passaging cells from a small microcarrierier culture system to a larger one by a serial subculturing regime. Here we report on the successes we have had in our laboratory in scaling up out production system for the DISC HSV-2 from small 1-L cultures to a 50-L vessel with the maintenance of the viral productivity. Ease of use, reproducibility and the need to minimise overall production time were factors which were taken into consideration whils developing our procedures. We were aware of the need to keep a production train simple and as short as possible as this was the amall scale study for an envisaged manufacturing process.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.99-101
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• 2015

Massive stars are some of the most influential objects in the Universe, shaping the evolution of galaxies, creating chemical elements and hence shaping the evolution of the Universe. However, the processes by which they form and how they shape their environment during their birth processes are not well understood. We use $NH_3$ data from "The $H_2O$ Southern Galactic Plane Survey" (HOPS) survey to define the positions of dense cores/clumps of gas in the southern Galactic plane that are likely to form stars. Then, using data from "The Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz" (MALT90) survey, we search for the presence of infall and outflow associated with these cores. We subsequently use the "3D Molecular Line Radiative Transfer Code" (MOLLIE) to constrain properties of the infall and outflow, such as velocity and mass flow. The aim of the project is to determine how common infall and outflow are in star forming cores, and therefore to provide valuable constraints on the timescales and physical process involved in massive star formation. Preliminary results are presented here.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.591-617
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• 2015

Standards for seismic assessment and retrofitting of buildings provide deformation limit states for structural members and connections. However, in order to perform fully consistent performance-based seismic analyses of soil-structure systems; deformation limit states must also be available for foundations that are vulnerable to nonlinear actions. Because such limit states have never been established in the past, a laboratory testing program was conducted to study the rotational capacity of small-scale foundation models under combined axial load and moment. Fourteen displacement-controlled monotonic and cyclic tests were performed using a cohesionless soil contained in a $2.0{\times}2.0{\times}1.2m$ container box. It was found that the foundation models exhibited a stable hysteretic behavior for imposed rotations exceeding 0.06 rad and that the measured foundation moment capacity complied well with Meyerhof's equivalent width concept. Simplified code-based soil-structure analyses of an 8-story building under an array of strong ground motions were also conducted to preliminary evaluate the implication of finite rotational capacity of vulnerable foundations. It was found that for the same soil as that of the experimental program foundations would have a deformation capacity that far exceeds the imposed rotational demands under the lateral load resisting members so yielding of the soil may constitute a reliable source of energy dissipation for the system.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.69 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2019

The Standard ASCE 61-14 proposes the Substitute Structure Method (SSM) as a Nonlinear Static Procedure (NSP) to estimate nonlinear displacement demands at the center of mass of piers or wharves under seismic actions. To account for bidirectional earthquake excitation according to the Standard, results from independent pushover analyses in each orthogonal direction should be combined using either a 100/30 directional approach or a procedure referred to as the Dynamic Magnification Factor, DMF. The main purpose of this paper is to present an evaluation of these NSPs in relation to four wharf model structures on soil conditions ranging from soft to medium dense clay. Results from nonlinear static analyses were compared against benchmark values of relevant Engineering Design Parameters, EDPs. The latter are defined as the geometric mean demands that are obtained from nonlinear dynamic analyses using a set of 30 two-component ground motion records. It was found that SSM provides close estimates of the benchmark displacement demands at the center of mass of the wharf structures. Furthermore, for the most critical pile connection at a landside corner of the wharf the 100/30 and DMF approaches produced displacement, curvature, and force demands that were reasonably comparable to corresponding benchmark values.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.28.3-29
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• 2015

$Ly{\alpha}$ nebulae, or "$Ly{\alpha}$ blobs", are extended (~100 kpc), bright (L[$Ly{\alpha}$] ~ 1044 erg/s) clouds of $Ly{\alpha}$-emitting gas. The origin of the $Ly{\alpha}$ emission remains unknown, but recent theoretical work suggests that measuring the polarization could discriminate among powering mechanisms. we will discuss current status of $Ly{\alpha}$ polarization observations at high-redshift and our on-going survey program. We will present the first narrow-band, imaging polarimetry of a $Ly{\alpha}$ blob, B3 J2330+3927 at z=3.09, with an embedded, radio-loud AGN (C. You et al. in prep.). The AGN lies near the blob's $Ly{\alpha}$ emission peak and its radio lobes align roughly with the blob's semi-major axis. With the SPOL polarimeter on the MMT telescope, we map the polarization in a grid of circular apertures of radius 0.6" (4.4 kpc), detecting a significant (>$2{\sigma}$) polarization fraction P% in 10 apertures and achieving strong upper-limits (as low as 2%) elsewhere. The degree of the polarization map increases from P% ~ 5% at ~5 kpc from the blob center to ~20% at the outer part (~30 kpc). The detections are distributed asymmetrically, roughly along the blob's major axis. The polarization angles (${\Theta}$) are mostly perpendicular to this axis. These results are consistent with the picture that $Ly{\alpha}$ photons produced at the AGN (or the host galaxy) are resonantly scattered away from the center. Higher polarization fraction on the radio jet suggests that the gas is more optically thin along the jet than the off-axis region.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.927-932
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• 2018

The demand for beef as a protein source is increasing worldwide, although in most countries beef accounts for considerably less than half of total meat consumption. Beef also provides a highly desirable eating experience in developed countries and, increasingly, in developing countries. The sustainability of beef production has different meanings in the various geographical and socio-economic regions of the world. Natural resources including land mass and uses, rainfall and access to livestock feed, and the robustness of the economy are major determinants of the perception of beef sustainability. In this overview of the 2016 International Symposium on "Future Beef in Asia" and this subsequent Special Edition of the Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences on "Current Situation and Future Prospects for Global Beef Production", the contributions have been grouped into the following categories: Countries in Southeast Asia; Europe; and Countries producing highly marbled beef for export and/or domestic consumption. They also include reference to Special Topics including marbled beef production, and use of "omics" technologies to enhance beef quality assurance. Among these broad categories, notable differences exist across countries in the production and marketing of beef. These reflect differences in factors including natural resource availability and climate, population size, traditional culture and degree of economic development including industrial and technological developments. We trust that the International Symposium and this Special Edition on Current Situation and Future Prospects for Global Beef Production, the contents of which that are briefly summarized in this paper, will serve as a valuable resource for the livestock industries, researchers and students with an interest in enhancing the prospects for sustainable, efficient beef production that satisfies the growing size and complexity of consumer demands and markets for beef.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.35.4-36
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• 2018

$Ly{\alpha}$ blobs are mysterious, giant (~100 kpc), glowing gas clouds in the distant universe. They occupy the dark matter halos that will evolve into the richest groups and clusters today. The blob's gas may be the proto-intracluster medium and their embedded galaxies are considered as the progenitors of massive cluster galaxies. Yet we do not know why $Ly{\alpha}$ blobs glow. There are evidences of kinematic measurements to exclude shocks and winds from AGN or starbursts as a power source, suggesting that photoionizing radiation or scattering of $Ly{\alpha}$ photons might be responsible. Polarization mapping can discriminate between these photo-ionization and scattering. Previous results of imaging polarimetry for $Ly{\alpha}$ nebulae are roughly consistent with scattering models. However the polarization morphologies in those of previous results are all different, motivating our polarimetric survey of $Ly{\alpha}$ nebulae for the statisticallymeaningful sample. As initial results of our survey, we present the total polarization map of the LABd05 which has the spatial offset between the peak of $Ly{\alpha}$ surface brightness and an obscured AGN. We detect the significant polarization in this target with the radially increasing polarization gradient, suggesting that scattering plays major role within this nebula. The polarization pattern is more aligned with the $Ly{\alpha}$ peak rather than the AGN (the potential energy source), indicating that the $Ly{\alpha}$ photons are originated from the region near the peak of $Ly{\alpha}$ intensity.

• 한국정보컨버전스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.63-70
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• 2008

The authors, Tom Karygiannis of NIST, and Bernard Eydt, Greg Barber, Lynn Bunn, and Ted Phillips of Booz Allen Hamilton, wish to thank Steven Fick, Rick Korchak, Kate Remley, Jeff Guerrieri, Dylan Williams, Karen Scarfone, and Tim Grance of NIST, and Kenneth Waldrop and Beth Mallory of Booz Allen Hamilton. These individuals reviewed drafts of this document and contributed to its technical content. The authors would also like to express their thanks to several experts for their critical review and feedback on drafts of the publication. These experts include V.C. Kumar of Texas Instruments; Simson Garfinkel of the Naval Postgraduate School; Peter Sand of the Department of Homeland Security; Erika McCallister of MITRE; and several professionals supporting Automatic Identification Technology(AIT) program offices within the Department of Defense(DoD), especially Nicholas Tsougas, Fred Naigle, Vince Pontani, Jere Engelman, and Kathleen Smith. During the public comment period we received helpful comments from the following Federal Government agencies: the US Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Labor, and State; the Office of the Director of National Intelligence; the Office of Management and Budget; and the General Services Administration. We also received several helpful contributions from commercial industry, including comments from EPCglobal, VeriSign, and Priway. Finally, the authors wish to thank the following individuals for their comments and assistance: Brian Tiplady, Daniel Bailey, Paul Dodd, Craig K. Harmon, William MacGregor, Ted Winograd, Russell Lange, Perry F. Wilson, John Pescatore, Ronald Dugger, Stephan Engberg, Morten Borup Harning, Matt Sexton, Brian Cute, Asterios Tsibertzopoulos, Mike Francis, Joshua Slob in, Jack Harris, and Judith Myerson.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 1987

Fiber mats were made at various density levels, using fibers from papermill sludge, ricestraw and various mixtures of the two. The paper mill sludges were collected from Moorim Papermill Co, and Jeonjoo Papermill Co. They were soaked in the liquid sulfur compounds, sulfur-tall oil and sulfurpolyester compounds, and made into fiber-reinforced, sulfur-based composition board. Under optimum conditions of fiber mat preparation and saturation with molten sulfur and modified sulfur, the Young's moduls of the manufactured tiber-reinforced composition board are superior to those of conventional wood-based composition boards. For example, the moduli of elasticity of the composition board made from papermill sludge, with a density of 0.40gm/$cm^3$, were greater than 1,400,000psi as compared 800,000psi for high density hardboard(1.28gm/$cm^3$). The modulus of rupture of the best reinforced composition board manufactured was over 9000psi, comparable to 6000psi of high density hardboard. The proposed Bryant and Lee's theory, "Modified Rule of Mixtures" can be applicable to the nonoriented and short fibrous composition board, when it was modified from "Rule of Mixtures" established by Paul an Jones, and supplemented by Smith and Cox's theory, In the Bryant and Lee's theory of $E_c=\frac{1}{3}aE_fV_f+bE_mV_m$, the constants "a" and "b" for the composition boards made from papermill sludge and the mixtures of ricestraw and the sludge were identified to be in the ranges of 3.29~3.54 and -2.47~-2.80 respectively.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.339-364
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• 2010

Following a joint OECD/NEA-IAEA-sponsored meeting to define the current role and future perspectives of the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to nuclear reactor safety problems, three Writing Groups were created, under the auspices of the NEA working group WGAMA, to produce state-of-the-art reports on different aspects of the subject. The work of the second group, WG2, was to document the existing assessment databases for CFD simulation in the context of Nuclear Reactor Safety (NRS) analysis, to gain a measure of the degree of quality and trust in CFD as a numerical analysis tool, and to take initiatives to extend the existing databases. The group worked over the period of 2003-2007 and produced a final state-of-the-art report. The present paper summarises the material gathered during the study, illustrating the points with a few highlights. A total of 22 safety issues were identified for which the application of CFD was considered to potentially bring real benefits in terms of better understanding and increased safety. A list of the existing databases was drawn up and synthesised, both from the nuclear area and from other parallel, non-nuclear, industrial activities. The gaps in the technology base were also identified and discussed. In order to initiate new ways of bringing experimentalists and numerical analysts together, an international workshop -- CFD4NRS (the first in a series) -- was organised, a new blind benchmark activity was set up based on turbulent mixing in T-junctions, and a Wiki-type web portal was created to offer online access to the material put together by the group giving the reader the opportunity to update and extend the contents to keep the information source topical and dynamic.