• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.327-343
• /
• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a standard tool for identifying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patterns. Methods: Textbooks, published literature, and references with comments on patterns were reviewed. Using the Delphi method, we determined pattern identification based on the advice of a committee consisting of 11 Korean respiratory internal medicine professors. Results: Four pattern identifications were selected by the Delphi method: qi difficiency (氣虛), yin difficiency (陰虛), phlegm dampness (痰飮), blood stasis (瘀血). The tool was developed in a question-and-answer format containing 38 questions. Conclusions: An IPF pattern identification tool that can analyze IPF patterns for standardized diagnostics was developed with the consent of experts. Further research is needed on its reliability.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.152-163
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this review was to compare the findings of 14 studies of tongue diagnosis in Korean stroke patients. Methods: The purpose, subjects, observation methods, statistical methods, classification of tongue diagnosis, significance, and limitations were analyzed and compared. Results: In Korean stroke patients, tongue diagnosis is significant in pattern identifications, prognosis evaluation, degree of neurological deficit, past history, blood tests, and pulse diagnosis. Interobserver reliability of tongue diagnosis is relatively high.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2012.06b
• /
• pp.354-356
• /
• 2012

'변증'은 전통 한의학에서 사용되어 온 독특한 진단 단위로써, 향후 정보적 관점에서 중요성이 점점 높아지고 있다. 이에 우리는 변증을 기반으로 서양 의학 관련 문헌 정보들로부터 텍스트마이닝을 통해 추출된 유전자들과 중풍을 일으키는 병인으로 알려진 유전자들과의 관련성을 파악하고자 시도하였다. 실험결과를 통해 뇌혈관질환 질병에 관하여 한의학에서의 변증 결과가 서양의학 기술의 결과와 유사한 생물학적 의미를 전달해내고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 우리의 연구는 몇 가지 제약에도 불구하고, 향후 한의학의 객관성을 회복함으로써 가치를 높이고, 서양의학 기술과의 접목을 이루기 위한 중요한 시발 연구가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.487-487
• /
• 2023

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.813-820
• /
• 2009

Background : Static blood is a kind of etiological factor including stagnated blood and blood overflowed out of the vessels. It is one of the causes of stroke in oriental medicine. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the static blood pattern and its indicators in stroke pattern diagnosis. Methods : For the standardization of pattern diagnosis in stroke, we set 5 patterns (Fire-heat, Dampness-phlegm, Static blood, Qi deficiency, Yin deficiency) and developed 61 indicators. Patients with a first-ever stroke, within 1 month after the onset of stroke. Two physicians checked the indicators independently. They then performed pattern diagnosis and rechecked the indicators which were referred to pattern diagnosis. If pattern identifications were diagnosed the same, it would confirm pattern identification. We examined the frequency of all indicators and referred indicators in static blood pattern patients. Results : In 859 patients, static blood pattern was shared by 24(2.8%). The indicators which affect static blood pattern were mainly rough pulse and bluish purple tongue, other indicators were not major effectors. Conclusion : This result shows that it is inconsistent to set up static blood pattern as a major pattern in stroke. Nevertheless, static blood is still a valuable concept in the clinical field. Other study methods will be required to establish the pattern diagnostic indicators for static blood pattern.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.262-266
• /
• 2008

We plan to make the standardization of the pattern identifications for stroke and differentiate them by tongue diagnosis. We make a case report form which has questionnaires for tongue diagnosis in stroke patients. And we collected cases from the multi center network which consists of twelve university hospitals and one local hospital. The cases confirmed by diagnosis of medical specialists and residents are 321 cases. They are divided into Qi Defficiency 30.84%, Dampness& Phlegm 25.55%, Fire & Heat 22.43%, Eum Defficiency 18.69% and Blood Stasis 2.49%. We analyzed the markers which classified into the color of tongue body, the color of fur, the quality of fur, the dryness of tongue, the shape of tongue. To make a stroke pattern identification standard, we must try variable ways.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.1052-1065
• /
• 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of a pattern identification tool for benign prostatic hyperplasia and to examine the relationship between pattern identification tool readings and IPSS and uroflowmetry. Methods: We analyzed 56 patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia from December 27th, 2017 to December 26th, 2018 by two different Korean medical doctors and followed with a pattern identification tool and by IPSS and uroflowmetry. One week later, the patients were retested to analyze the reliability of the pattern identification tool, determined with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) using the test-retest method. The correlation between IPSS and uroflowmetry was analyzed with the Pearson coefficient. Result: The reliability of the pattern identification tool for benign prostatic hyperplasia was evaluated as "poor agreement beyond chance" (ICC=0.349). The reliability of each pattern identification score was evaluated as "good" for Yang Deficiency of Kidney, Yin Deficiency of Kidney, Deficiency of Middle Qi, and Dampness-heat of Lower Energizer. The internal consistency was evaluated as "good" for Yang Deficiency of Kidney, Yin Deficiency of Kidney, and Dampness-heat of Lower Energizer, and as "excellent" for Deficiency of Middle Qi. The correlation between pattern identification and IPSS was evaluated as a "moderate positive correlation" for all pattern identifications. The average flow rate and maximum flow rate using uroflowmetry was evaluated with "moderate negative correlation" for Yang Deficiency of Kidney and Dampness-heat of Lower Energizer. Conclusion: The reliability of a pattern identification tool for benign prostatic hyperplasia was evaluated as "poor agreement beyond chance." Further research is needed.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2019

Objectives: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity impulsivity that interferes with function or development in children. In traditional Korean medicine (TKM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), ADHD is classified by several patterns based on symptoms and signs. However, currently, there is no objective diagnostic tool for ADHD in traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to develop the Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) to be used in Korean medicine, through a literature review and consultation with groups of experts. Methods: The types of pattern identifications of ADHD mentioned in 13 pieces of Korean and Chinese literatures and their symptoms and signs were analyzed. The advisory committee (15 Neuropsychiatrist and 11 Pediatrist in Korean Medicine) assessed the appropriateness of the literature selection and the types of pattern identification selection and their symptoms and signs, and weighed the significance of the symptoms and signs. The Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD was developed using the calculated weights by evaluated significance. The translation of symptoms and signs to the Korean language was achieved through consultation with expert translators. Results: 1. Four pattern identification types and their symptoms and signs were selected according to frequency of appearance in the Korean and Chinese literatures, and were reviewed by the advisory committee: Kidney yin deficiency and liver yang ascendant hyperactivity (腎虛肝亢), Dual deficiencies in the heart and spleen (心脾兩虛), Phlegm-fire harassing the heart (痰火擾心), and Spleen weakness and liver energy preponderance (脾虛肝旺). 2. The weights of all the symptoms and signs in the four patterns were calculated using the means and standard deviations of the symptoms and signs' importance that were obtained from specialists' significance weighting. 3. The Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) in Korean medicine composed of 38 questions was suggested. Conclusions: Using a review of the literature and expert advice, Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) in Korean medicine was developed. Further clinical study is required to develop a final version of the questionnaire through the evaluation of reliability and validity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.624-643
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between Ryodoraku and two pattern-identification questionnaires in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS). Methods: The study participants were 30 patients with BMS who visited the Oral Diseases Clinic of Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Hospital from June to November, 2019. The Ryodoraku test and two pattern-identification questionnaires were administered to all patients. Measurements included the average Ryodoraku score, which is called the Total Average (TA), and each score on the Ryodoraku point scale. The degree of Yin-deficiency, Qi-stagnation, and pain were assessed with the Yin-deficiency Questionnaire (YDQ), Qi-stagnation Questionnaire (QSQ), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively. Results: The average TA score was 29.90. The LF5 (p=0.013) and RF5 (p=0.016) scores were lower than the TA scores, and the RH5 (p=0.020) and RH6 (p=0.006) scores were higher than the TA scores. A negative correlation was detected between the YDQ scores and the LH1 (r=-0.366, p=0.046), LH2 (r=-0.507, p=0.004), LH3 (r=-0.374, p=0.042), RH1 (r=-0.361, p=0.050), RH2 (r=-0.403, p=0.027) points. The LF5 (p=0.050) and RF2 (p=0.048) scores were lower in the patients with Qi-stagnation patients than without Qi-stagnation. Conclusions: Our results suggest that low TA and Ryodoraku scores on LF5 and RF5 and high Ryodoraku scores on RH5 and RH6 could be quantitative indicators for the diagnosis of BMS. The LH1, LH2, LH3, RH1, RH2, LF5, and RF2 scores could also be an indicators for diagnosis of Yin-deficiency and Qi-stagnation in patients with BMS.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.109-118
• /
• 2015

Objectives : We performed a clinical study to investigate characteristics of pattern identifications using nasal endoscopy for allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods : We assessed 32 patients with allergic rhinitis using nasal endoscopy, classifications of allergic rhinitis and it's impact on asthma (ARIA) and total nasal symptom score (TNSS). Results : The watery rhinorrhea score of nasal endoscopy was significantly high in 'persistent and moderate/severe' group (P<0.05). Patients were classified as rhinorrhea group and nasal obstruction group according to nasal endoscopy. TNSS and rhinorrhea score was significantly high in rhinorrhea group (P<0.05). Conclusions : The result may provide that the watery rhinorrhea of nasal endoscopy is useful as 'Cold' and 'Deficiency' pattern identification diagnostic tool.