• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2019

Objectives: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity impulsivity that interferes with function or development in children. In traditional Korean medicine (TKM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), ADHD is classified by several patterns based on symptoms and signs. However, currently, there is no objective diagnostic tool for ADHD in traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to develop the Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) to be used in Korean medicine, through a literature review and consultation with groups of experts. Methods: The types of pattern identifications of ADHD mentioned in 13 pieces of Korean and Chinese literatures and their symptoms and signs were analyzed. The advisory committee (15 Neuropsychiatrist and 11 Pediatrist in Korean Medicine) assessed the appropriateness of the literature selection and the types of pattern identification selection and their symptoms and signs, and weighed the significance of the symptoms and signs. The Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD was developed using the calculated weights by evaluated significance. The translation of symptoms and signs to the Korean language was achieved through consultation with expert translators. Results: 1. Four pattern identification types and their symptoms and signs were selected according to frequency of appearance in the Korean and Chinese literatures, and were reviewed by the advisory committee: Kidney yin deficiency and liver yang ascendant hyperactivity (腎虛肝亢), Dual deficiencies in the heart and spleen (心脾兩虛), Phlegm-fire harassing the heart (痰火擾心), and Spleen weakness and liver energy preponderance (脾虛肝旺). 2. The weights of all the symptoms and signs in the four patterns were calculated using the means and standard deviations of the symptoms and signs' importance that were obtained from specialists' significance weighting. 3. The Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) in Korean medicine composed of 38 questions was suggested. Conclusions: Using a review of the literature and expert advice, Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) in Korean medicine was developed. Further clinical study is required to develop a final version of the questionnaire through the evaluation of reliability and validity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.126-137
• /
• 2017

This study was aimed to develop the instrument of Korean medical pattern Identification and Functional Evaluation for Five Organ. This study followed seven steps, consisted of first composition of research members, second set-up of the aim, third review for advanced research, fourth finding an important index, fifth puting on the weight for index, sixth advice from linguist and last development of draft of questionnaire. Twenty two in and out researchers joined and put the weight on each question. We developed a draft version of questionnaire of Korean medical pattern identification and functional evaluation for five organ. Most questions between pattern identification and functional evaluation of five organ have similar weight, but several ones have difference in order. Generally, specific symptom represented specific location or related with pain have relatively higher weight on pattern identification, and weakness question gained weight on functional evaluation. We develop the questionnaire of Korean medical pattern identification and functional evaluation for five organ. Following study, which will evaluate the reliability and validity, is needed.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2017

Objectives : This study was conducted to analysis correlation of pattern identification and body mass index (BMI) in obese adolescents. Methods : A total of 228 middle school students, 226 students were agreed and included study and two were excluded because of disagreement. It was conducted cold-heat pattern questionnaire, phlegm pattern questionnaire and after height and weight were measured. Firstly, out of 24 who did not respond to all of questionnaires. Secondary, out of 159 who are normal range on international obesity standard(BMI < $30kg/m^2$) Results : The average height and weight of 43 subjects was $159.65{\pm}9.45cm$, $70.10{\pm}8.47kg$ respectively. The average score of pattern identification was cold pattern score(CPS) was $2.70{\pm}1.61$, heat pattern score(HPS) was $3.30{\pm}1.99$, phlegm pattern score(PPS) was $3.95{\pm}5.02$. There was no significant correlation with BMI and CPS, HPS, PPS. Conclusions : In this study, there was no significant correlation of pattern identification and BMI in obese adolescents.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2014

Objective : We performed a clinical study to investigate pattern characteristics in persistent allergic rhinitis depending on Korean Medicine pattern questionnaire items as a pattern identification diagnostic tool. Method : 32 patients with persistent allergic rhinitis were asked to interview with doctor of Korean Medicine and perform the 4 pattern questionnaires(Cold-Heat Pattern, Phlegm Pattern, Yin Deficiency pattern, bloodstasis pattern). Then, we analyzed the response rate of each pattern questionnaires. Results : After diagnosis of Korean Medicine Doctor's pattern identification, 17 individual items have higher response rate, 7 of 17 items have a common tendency in allergic rhinitis. The other 8 of 10 items belong to Lung qi deficiency cold and Lung-spleen qi deficiency group, these have higher tendency of deficiency. In bloodstasis pattern questionnaires, we don't decide the tendency of patients with allergic rhinitis. Conclusion : The result may provide that we don't use Korean Medicine pattern questionnaires as a major tool in the pattern identification of allergic rhinitis. Continuous studies are needed to develop the standardized pattern identification diagnostic tool.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and the validity of Deficiency and Excess Pattern Identification Questionnaire. The number of subjects enrolled in this study was 248, from July 2015 to March. 2016. The surveys was conducted two times with 3 month interval. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ analysis for internal reliability, Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis for test-retest reliability were conducted. Factor analysis with varimax rotation for construct validity was used. Kappa analysis for diagnostic reliability were used. The significant p-value was < .05. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .929 in Deficiency and .932 in Excess questionnaire. The reliabilities between test and retest Intra Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was .71-.762 in the Deficiency, and .58-.786 in Excess questionnaire, respectively. Deficiency was divided by five factors, and Excess four factors. The factor convergence was 72.54% in the Deficiency and 67.5% in Excess questionnaire. The test-retest agreement of four pattern was 68.5% and Kappa was .530. This study reveals that Deficiency and Excess Pattern Identification Questionnaire is a reliable and valid. However, further study to validate the questionnaire is needed.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2016

Objectives : We presented the results of reliability study in advance, and analyzed agreement between Korean medicine doctors(KMDs)' diagnosis and cold-heat pattern identification questionnaire(CHPI)'s diagnosis. Methods : This survey was conducted from May 16 to 17, 2015. The subjects were 93 adults living in rural society. Diagnosis of CHPI was performed by 2 KMDs who have clinical experience more than 5 years. The KMDs' diagnosis was set as a reference index, and then we compare 23 items(cold pattern 11 items and heat pattern 12 items) of CHPI questionnaire and 15 items(cold pattern 8 items and heat pattern 7 items) that were brief form of it. We had cut-off value by standard of KMDs' diagnosis using receiver operating characteristic-curve(ROC-curve), with which we calculated agreement including kappa value. Correlation analysis between CHPI evaluation score by KMDs and by the questionnaire was fulfilled as well. Results : Agreement about 11 and 8 cold pattern items showed 87.1% together, and the value of kappa each recorded 0.742 and 0.741. Agreement about 12 and 7 heat pattern items suggested 81.7% and 78.5%, and the value of kappa showed 0.634 and 0.570. Correlation coefficients were 0.803 of 11 items and 0.761 of 8 items about cold pattern. In addition, correlation coefficients were 0.789 of 12 items and 0.767 of 7 items about heat pattern. The significant probability (p-value) was under 0.001. Conclusions : We have developed CHPI questionnaire involving reliability and agreement based on usual symptoms, and hope additional complements so that Korean medicine diagnostics and Korean preventive medicine would be improved.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.341-346
• /
• 2018

The aims of this study were to evaluate the reliability and validity of the cold and heat pattern identification questionnaire (CHPIQ). From July 2015 to December 2015, 120 participants, university faculties, filled out CHPIQ by the way of self-reporting. Then two Korean medical doctors independently diagnosed them whether they belonged to cold pattern (CP) or not, and heat pattern (HP) or not. We evaluated the internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the validity using the sensitivity and specificity through receiver operating characteristic-curve. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) showed 0.754 (CP) and 0.753 (HP). The area under the curve was recorded with 0.884 (CP) and 0.786 (HP). The agreements between CHPIQ and experts were 82.8% (CP) and 72.9% (HP). The sensitivities showed 0.707 (CP) and 0.719 (HP), and the specificities were 0.935 (CP) and 0.736 (HP). This study suggests that CHPIQ is a reliable and valid instrument for estimating cold-heat pattern identification.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The standard tool for the pattern identification is used for identifying patterns in patients using a questionnaire. The purpose of this study is to reorganize the standard tool for the pattern identification of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) developed in 2017 and to analyze the reliability and validity of the standard tool for pattern identification by applying it to GERD patients. Methods: To reorganize the standard tool for the pattern identification of GERD developed in the previous study, we searched the literature in the main databases, OASIS (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System) and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). We added the search results to the data used in the previous study and went through the reorganizing courses, such as evaluating the validity of the translation, the Delphi technique, and a small survey. After reorganization, the patients who visited the Kyunghee University Korean Medicine Center for GERD symptoms were provided the questionnaire, including the reorganized standard tool for pattern identification. We analyzed the survey results to evaluate their reliability and validity. Results: Fifty patients completed the questionnaire. Reliability analysis results showed a pattern identification match rate of 86%, Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.834, and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.907. The Mann - Whitney U test and logistic regression were implemented to check the relations between the survey questions and pattern identification results; the Pearson correlation, compared with other scales, showed a moderate score. Conclusion: We reorganized the standard tool for the pattern identification of GERD to be updated on current issues and so that it is easily used. The analysis results of the questionnaire showed that the reorganized standard tool had high reliability and moderate validity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.958-963
• /
• 2009

I Alcoholic hepatitis is a serious liver disease that may lead to cirrhosis and carcinoma, and the short-term mortality rate is fairly high in severe patients. This study was conducted to develop the instrument of pattern identification for alcoholic hepatitis. We made the pattern identification questionnaire and symptoms indicator through reviewing traditional oriental medical literatures and got advices from the advisor committee with Delphi technique. The advisor committee on this study was organized by 10 professors of internal medicine of oriental medical colleges nationwide. The questionnaire was composed of questions about 6 pattern identification - dampness, heat, liver, spleen, cold and dryness. We gave importance to each symptoms of 6 pattern identification which had been scored on a 5-point scale. We surveyed two groups: 36 male alcoholic hepatitis patients whose Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test(AUDIT) scores were over 12 and who drank alcohol over 40 g per day were allocated to the hepatitis group. Forty three men who did not drink alcohol were allocated to the normal group. Alcoholic hepatitis had relativities to dampness, heat among cause of disease and liver, spleen among viscera. There were statistical significances between the hepatitis group and the normal group in dampness, heat, liver questionnaire. As a result of this study we suggest that the questionnaire would be effective instruments of pattern identification for alcoholic hepatitis.

• 한방비만학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop Russian version of Korean obese pattern identification questionnaire (KOPIQ) and classify the pattern of Uzbekistan obese patients. Methods: This study was conducted from 10 September 2014 to 10 December 2014 in Korea-Uzbekistan Oriental Hospital. The KOPIQ was translated to Russian language with the help of local expert in Russia and Korean Medicine. The patients who visited obese clinic in hospital were guided to join this study and informed consent was obtained. The inclusion criteria was >$23kg/m^2$ in body mass index. The Cronbach's alpha was used for it's inter consistency reliability and the KOPIQ result was compared with the experts one. Results: The Russian version of KOPIQ was developed. The 103 patient (25 males, 78 females; average age 57.2 years) joined in this study. The Cronbach's alpha of questionnaire was 0.787~0.883 according to individual pattern. The agreement rate of pattern Identification between local expert and KOPIQ was 13%. This developed questionnaire was realized as web version, which could be easily used in Uzbekistan. Conclusions: The Russian version of KOPIQ is developed in this study with suitable reliability. Further study is needed for KOPIQ to be applied in Uzbekistan with high validity.