• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.678-681
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• 2003

In this paper, we aims to develop a microcontroll er-based portable pulse oximeter using Compact Flash Interface. First, portable pulse oxineter system is designed to record 2 channel of biosignals simultaneously, including 1 channel of SpO$_2$ and 1 channel of pulse rate. It is very small and portable. Besides, the system makes it possible to measure a patients condition without an additional medical equipment. We tried to solve the problems generated by a patient's motion. That is, we added an analog circuit to a traditional pulse oximeter in order to eliminate the change of the base line. And we used 2D sector algorithm. As present, SpO$_2$ modules are completed. But there are still many further development needed in order to enhance the function. Especially, compact flash interface remains the most to complete. Second, ECG monitoring system uses almost same as present 3-lead ECG system. But we focus on the analog part, especially in filter. The proposed filter is composed of two parts. One is a filter to remove the power-line interface. The other is a filter to remove the baseline drift. A filter to remove the power-line and the baseline drift is necessarily used in the ECG system. The implemented filter have three features; minimizing the distortion in DC component, removing the harmonic component of power-line frequency. Using compact flash interface, we can easily transfer a patient's personal information and the measured signal data to a network based server environment. That means, it is possible to implement a patient's monitoring system with low cost.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 1998

It is well known that the clinical test for responsibility of accurate fertilization capacity in male partners is very important to diagnose and treat the infertility. However, it has been reported that the traditional semen analysis cannot accurately predict fertilization and pregnancy potential. The present study was performed to evaluate the acrosomal reaction to ionophore challenge (ARIC) test as a prognostic indicator for fertilization of sperm and oocyte in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program. From March 1996 to Februry 1997, 30 couples undergoing IVF program were allocated to this study group. All female partners in the study group were 35 years old or less and their serum level of basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol $(E_2)$ were normal. All the male partners have normal parameters of semen analysis. The ARIC tests were performed on the day of ovum pick up and in vitro insemination in all the male partners. The controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) using luteal long protocol of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist was used in all couples for IVF-ET. The acrosomal reaction with $10{\mu}l$ of 10% DMSO was induced spontaneously in $10.1{\pm}9.8%$, and acrosomal reaction with calcium ionophore A 23187 was induced in $27.4{\pm}18.1%$, and the ARIC value was $17.4{\pm}16.2%$. There were no significant correlation between the ARIC value and the fertilization rate ($r^2$=0.044, p=0.268). There were also no significant correlation between the ARIC value and the percentage of the grade I, II embryos ($r^2$=0.046, p=0.261). On the basis of above results, it was suggested that ARIC test might not be a useful prognostic indicator for fertilization in IVF-ET in male partners with normal parameters of conventional semen analysis. We guessed that IVF-ET could be performed to the patients primarily without universal appilcation of ARIC test to all male partenrs, and if fertilization failure occurs, the micro assisted fertilization (MAF) such as intracytoplsmic sperm injection (ICSI) might be used as an alternative mode of treatment with acceptable success rate.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.6 s.113
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• pp.459-474
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• 2005

Making a precise and ideal set-up model is an essential part in the indirect bonding procedure for lingual orthodontic treatment. To evaluate the accuracy of the making a set-up model, 22 adult patients who received lingual orthodontic treatment with 4 bicuspid extractions were selected, and 3 sets of dental models (before, set-up, and after treatment) were measured using the set-up model gauge, an instrument for measuring the inclination and angulation of the clinical crowns on the dental model. Two sets of lateral cephalograms (before and after) from each patient were also evaluated. The mean difference between the before treatment model and the set-up model was $-3.93{\pm}6.98^{\circ}$ for the inclination and $1.87{\pm}5.79^{\circ}$ for the angulation. And the mean difference between the set-up model and the after treatment model was $-4.31{\pm}5.91^{\circ}$ labiolingually and $-2.16{\pm}3.27^{\circ}$ mesiodistally, The after treatment model differed from the before treatment model about $-8.24{\pm}5.39^{\circ}$ in inclination. There were no significant difference between the measured gauge that measured from the dental model using the set-up model gauge and the calculated gauge angle measured from the lateral cephalogram using constructed points and lines. Using the set-up model gauge, it is possible to evaluate the study model 3-dimensionally in relation with the patient's lateral cephalogram and establish whether the doctor's prescription or overcorrection is built in the set-up model precisely.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 1997

Complete denervation after severe brachial plexus injury make significant muscle atrophy with loss of proper function. It is much helpful to reconstruct the essential function of the elbow flexion movement in patient with total loss of elbow flexion motion after brachial plexus lesion which was not recovered with nerve surgery or long term conservative treatment from onset. In whole arm type brachial plexus injury, if there were no response to neurotization or neglected from injury, the volume of the denervated muscle is significantely reduced month by month. About 18 months most of the muscle fibers change to fibrous tissues and markedly atrophied irreversibly, further waiting is no more meaningful from that period. Authors performed 14 cases of functioning gracilis muscle transfer from 1981 to 1995 with microneurovascular technique, neuromusculocutaneous free flaps were performed for reconstruction of lost elbow flexion function. Average follow-up period was 5 years and 6 months. We used couple of intercostal nerves as a recipient nerve which were anastomosed to muscular nerve from obturator nerve in all cases. Recipient vessels were three deep brachial artery and eleven brachial artery which were anastomosed to medial femoral circumflex artery with end to end or end to side fashion. Average resting length of the transplanted gracilis were 24 cm. We can get average 54 degree flexion range of elbow with fair muscle power from flail elbow. There were one case of muscle necrosis with lately developed thrombosis of microvascular anastomosed site which comes from insufficient recipient arterial condition, 3 cases of partial marginal necrosis of distal skin of the transplanted part which were not significant problem with spontaneously solved with time goes by gracilis muscle has constant neurovascular pattern with relatively easy harvesting donor with minimal donor morbidity. Especially it has similar length and shape with biceps brachii muscle of upper arm and longer nerve pedicle which can neurorrhaphy with intercostal nerve without nerve graft if sufficient mobilization of the nerves from both sides of gracilis and intercostal region. Authors can propose gracilis muscle transplantation with intercostal nerves neurotization is helpful method with minimal donor morbidity for neglected brachial plexus palsy patients.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2016

In the environment of Internet of Things (IoT), IoT devices are limited by physical components such as power supply and memory, and also limited to their network performance in bandwidth, wireless channel, throughput, payload, etc. Despite these limitations, resources of IoT devices are shared with other IoT devices. Especially, remote management of the information of devices and patients are very important for the IoT healthcare service, moreover, providing the interoperability between the healthcare device and healthcare platform is essential. To meet these requirements, format of the message and the expressions for the data information and data transmission need to comply with suitable international standards for the IoT environment. However, the ISO/IEEE 11073 PHD (Personal Healthcare Device) standards, the existing international standards for the transmission of health informatics, does not consider the IoT environment, and therefore it is difficult to be applied for the IoT healthcare service. For this matter, we have designed and implemented the IoT healthcare system by applying the oneM2M, standards for the Internet of Things, and ISO/IEEE 11073 DIM (Domain Information Model), standards for the transmission of health informatics. For the implementation, the OM2M platform, which is based on the oneM2M standards, has been used. To evaluate the efficiency of transfer syntaxes between the healthcare device and OM2M platform, we have implemented comparative performance evaluation between HTTP and CoAP, and also between XML and JSON by comparing the packet size and number of packets in one transaction.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.39-43
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• 2007

In angiography, the global standard agreements of DICOM is lossless. But it brings on overload and takes too much store space in DICOM sever. Because of all those things we transmit images which is classified in subjective way. But this cause data loss and would be lead doctors to make wrong reading. As a result of that we try to transmit continued image (raw data) to reduce those mistakes. We got angiography images from the equipment(Allura FD20-Philips). And compressed it in two different methods(lossless & lossy fair). and then transmitted them to PACS system. We compared the quality of QC phantom images that are compressed by different compress method and compared spatial resolution of each images after CD copy. Then compared each Image's data volume(lossless & lossy fair). We measured spatial resolution of each image. All of them had indicated 401p/mm. We measured spatial resolution of each image after CD copy. We got also same conclusion (401p/mm). The volume of continued image (raw data) was 127.8MB(360.5 sheets on average) compressed in lossless and 29.5MB(360.5 sheets) compressed in lossy fair. In case of classified image, it was 47.35MB(133.7 sheets) in lossless and 4.5MB(133.7 sheets) in lossy fair. In case of angiography the diagnosis is based on continued image(raw data). But we transmit classified image. Because transmitting continued image causes some problems in PACS system especially transmission and store field. We transmit classified image compressed in lossless But it is subjective and would be different depend on radiologist. therefore it would make doctors do wrong reading when patients transfer another hospital. So we suggest that transmit continued image(raw data) compressed in lossy fair. It reduces about 60% of data volume compared with classified image. And the image quality is same after CD copy.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2014

Purpose : To investigate whether quantitative parameters derived from Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) correlate with those of Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients with pathologically or clinically proven bony metastasis who had undergone MRI prior to treatment were included. The voxel size was $1.367{\times}1.367{\times}5mm$. A dominant tumor was selected and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and DCE-MRI parameters were obtained by matching voxels. DCE-MRI data were analyzed yielding estimates of $K^{trans}$ (volume transfer constant) and $v_e$. (extravascular extracellular volume fraction). Statistical analysis of ADC, $K^{trans}$, and $v_e$ value was conducted using Pearson correlation analyses. Results: Fifteen lesions in pelvic bones were evaluated. Of these, 11 showed a statistically significant correlation (P<0.05) between ADC and $K^{trans}$. The ADC and $K^{trans}$ were inversely related in 7 lesions and positively related in 4 lesions. This did not depend on the primary cancer or site of metastasis. The ADC and $v_e$ of 9 lesions correlated significantly. Of these, 4 lesions were inversely related and 5 lesions were positively related. Conclusion: Unlike our theoretic hypothesis, there was no consistent correlation between ADC values and $K^{trans}$ or between ADC values and $v_e$ in metastatic bone tumors.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2011

Purpose: We reviewed arthroscopic reconstruction among the several treatment options for anterior shoulder instability with a bony Bankart lesion. Materials and Methods: Although open Bankart repair has long been considered the optimal surgical management of anterior shoulder instability, advancements in arthroscopic techniques have led to a recent shift to arthroscopic Bankart repair. However, for cases of a glenoid bony defect, several authors have reported various methods to accurately measure the amount of bony defect. Results: The arthroscopic technique of bony Bankart reconstruction continues to evolve and various methods have followed. To overcome the limitations of single fixation of a Bankart lesion, arthroscopic dual fixation (2 point fixation) has recently been tried to anatomically repair and restore the rigid fixation of a bony fragment. The concept of performing the Bristow-Latarjet transfer procedure under arthroscopy has also recently emerged. However, a large series of cases and long term follow up are required to prove the better results. Conclusion: To obtain a successful outcome for patients with anterior instability with a glenoid bony defect, it is imperative that the surgeon be aware of the accurate status of the bony defect and the intraoperative, postoperative factors associated with the proper treatment of this unstable pathology.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.36-47
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• 2013

Objective : To identify the effect of bilateral arm training for activities of daily living(ADL) of the chronic phase after stroke. Methods : 20 patients with stroke, randomized to an experimental group(n=10) and a control group(n=10). Both groups received the usual occupational therapy. In addition, an experimental group received an bilateral arm training, 30-min sessions per a day for 6 weeks. The Functional Independence Measure(FIM) was used to evaluate ADL for both groups. Results : First, there is a significant difference before and after receiving the bilateral arm training(p <.05). Second, there are significant differences in all ADL areas of Self-care, Transfer, Social cognition after bilateral arm training(p<.05). Third, there are significant differences in all sub-areas of Self-care, only stairs of Locomotion, and only Problem solving of Social cognition by comparing sub-areas as bilateral arm activity(before and after) and occupational therapy intervention(before and after). Conclusion : Using bilateral arm training for the chronic phase after stroke improved their abilities of ADL. Therefore, there are an expectation to use bilateral activity training for the chronic after stroke clinically and a need of further study about bilateral arm training related to ADL in the future.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 1994

There are several methods to reconstruct an amputated or lost thumb such as toe to thumb transfer, pollicization and other variety of free flaps. In 1980, Morrison and O'Brien advocated reconstruction of the thumb with a free wrap-around flap from the big toe to recreate a stable, sensate and functional digit, including the nail. From March, 1982 to December, 1992, thirty cases of thumb reconstructions were performed using the wrap-around procedure at Korea University Hospital. 1. 29 cases of total 30 cases were successful and can be obtained the excellent results in functional and cosmetic aspect. 2. In postoperative complications, one case is graft failure, six cases in partial skin necrosis, one case in malunion, 15 cases in resorption of grafted bone piece were come out. 3. Even if the 1st metacarpal neck amputation is occurred, thumb reconstruction with a free neurovascular wrap-around flap was also possible, however, the limitation of the mobility of the reconstructed thumb and resorption of grafted bone piece were come out. We concluded that cosmesis and fuctional results were quite satisfactory despite of some complications. The thumb reconstruction with a wrap around free flap from the big toe in thumb amputated patients is the excellent method in the cosmetic and functional aspect and can be considered as the most useful method because of less morbidity to the donor site and the operator should be trained to get the meticulous microsurgical technique and to detect the complications.