• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.214-238
• /
• 2007

Purpose : We have carried out this study to investigate association of DSOM scores and women infertility in oriental medicine for systematization diagnosis and treatment of women infertility. Methods : We analyzed the results of medical records for 151 patients who were diagnosed as women infertility. We investigated the possession of symptom index of women infertility, recognition association of DSOM. Results : 1. In comparison with 151 clinical trial's data. deficiency of Yin(陰虛), coldness(寒), spleen(脾) are associated positively and deficiency of Yang(陽虛), phlegm(痰) are associated negatively. 2. In pathogenesis(病機) indicator of average, cold inside the body is associated positively and diarrhea, kidney are associated negatively. 3. In pathogenesis five score-point of value, Heat(熱), kidney(腎) are associated negatively. 4. In pathogenesis(病機) indicator. constipation(便秘) is associated positively and hardness of lower abdomen, tingly weakness of lower back and knee question are associated negatively. 5. In 140 questions, nine questions are associated positively and ten question are associated negatively.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.108-115
• /
• 2004

Background: Production of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) has been implicated in the pathology of autoimmune disease. It is unknown whether iNOS expression is increased within testes and whether iNOS and NO have essential roles in the pathogenesis of EAO. Methods: EAO was induced in guinea pig testes at 17 days after secondary immunization by administration of crude extract (CE) and purified glycoprotein 1 (GP1) from normal guinea pig testes. iNOS gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis in testes. Localization of iNOS and Mac-1 and the indicator of NO-mediated tissue injury, nitrotyrosine, were detected in the testicular lesion by immunohistochemistry. Results: In control testes, inflammation and iNOS gene expression were not detected, whereas, in CE- and GP1-injected testes, inflammation and marked iNOS gene expression were evident at day 17 after secondary immunization. Immunohistochemistry of Mac-1 showed the colocalization with iNOS protein and nitrotyrosyl proteins in intertubules, suggesting that NO produced by infiltrated macrophages may be involved in inflammatory lesions of intertubules. Intraperitoneal administration of aminoguanidine significantly prevented EAO with reduction of inflammation, iNOS expression and nitrotyrosine formation. Conclusion: These results suggest that NO production by macrophages may be important in the pathogenesis of CE- and GP1-induced EAO. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the therapeutic potential of iNOS inhibitor in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune mediated-diseases.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 2001

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by a chronic inflammatory process, primarily involving the synovial membrane of peripheral j oints, where T cell activation is found. To address the superantigen stimulation in rheumatoid arthritis, T cell clonality and the expression of activation markers were analyzed. Methods: To detect TCRB V usage, inverse PCR and sequencing were done. Monoclonal antibodies were used for flow cytometric analysis of TCRBV8 or TCRBV5. As results, a restricted usage of TCRBV3 gene was detected in synovial lymphocytes from one rheumatoid arthritis patient. However, preferential usage for TCRB V8, which may be one indicator for stimulation by staphylococcal superantigen, was not obvious although general activation of T cells was found as high DR+ percentage in synovial T cells. These data show specific antigen rather than superantigen might involve the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.2021-2023
• /
• 2012

Purpose: DBC2 (Deleted in Breast Cancer 2) has been indicated to be a tumor suppressor gene in many cancers including lung adenocarcinoma recently. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression status of DBC2 in different subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma (from pre-invasive to invasive lesions), and to determine if downregulation becomes more marked with pathological progression. Methods: We collected 172 tissue samples from different subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma and investigated the frequency of DBC2 loss by immunohistochemistry. Results: Our results indicated that DBC2 downregulation is a relatively frequent event in lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, as the adenocarcinoma subtype turns to be more invasive, more downregulation occurred. Conclusion: We conclude that loss of DBC2 expression is an early and progressive event in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. Positive DBC2 immunohistochemistry may become an indicator for early stage disease and better prognosis of lung adenocarcinomas.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.54 no.6
• /
• pp.295-304
• /
• 2021

Olfactory neuropathology is a cause of olfactory loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Olfactory dysfunction is also associated with memory and cognitive dysfunction and is an incidental finding of AD dementia. Here we review neuropathological research on the olfactory system in AD, considering both structural and functional evidence. Experimental and clinical findings identify olfactory dysfunction as an early indicator of AD. In keeping with this, amyloid-β production and neuroinflammation are related to underlying causes of impaired olfaction. Notably, physiological features of the spatial map in the olfactory system suggest the evidence of ongoing neurodegeneration. Our aim in this review is to examine olfactory pathology findings essential to identifying mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction in the development of AD in hopes of supporting investigations leading towards revealing potential diagnostic methods and causes of early pathogenesis in the olfactory system.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.167-173
• /
• 2023

Proteolytic enzymes secreted by Aspergillus, as pathogenicity factors, affect blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, and therefore the target proteins of their action in the bloodstream are of significant interest. In the present study, the action of the isolated protease of A. terreus 2 on different human plasma proteins was shown. The protease of A. terreus 2 exhibited the highest proteolytic activity against hemoglobin, which was 2.5 times higher than the albuminolytic activity shown in both of the protein substrates used. In addition, the protease has significant ability to hydrolyze both fibrin and fibrinogen. However, the inability of the A. terreus 2 protease to coagulate rabbit blood plasma and coagulate human and bovine fibrinogen indicates the severity of the enzyme's action on human blood coagulation factors. It should be considered as a potential indicator of this isolated protease's participation in fungal pathogenesis. The protease shows no hemolytic activity. Furthermore, its activity is insignificantly inhibited by thrombin inhibitors, and is not inhibited by plasmin inhibitors.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.308-322
• /
• 2015

Objectives: Whether there exists a distinct pathogenesis in subgroups of functional dyspepsia (FD), the classification of epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), and postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the number of fungiform papillae (FP) in the subgroups of FD and its correlation with the severity of dyspepsia symptoms and spleen qi deficiency. Methods: Patients with FD were enrolled from August to November 2014. All patients were evaluated using a questionnaire and divided into 2 groups according to the Rome III criteria for FD. The severity of dyspepsia symptoms and spleen qi deficiency were separately assessed by Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean (NDI-K) version and Spleen qi deficiency questionnaire (SQDQ). The number of FP was measured on the anterior part of tongue, within an area of 9 mm ², using a digital cam Results: The NDI-K score, SQDQ score, and number of FP in the EPS group were significantly greater than those in the PDS group. Also, the EPS group had more patients diagnosed with spleen qi deficiency. The number of FP showed a significant positive correlation with epigastric pain and burning. Furthermore, the number of FP was significantly associated with the score of some items in NDI-K and SQDQ, even though not with the total score. Conclusions: Thus, measurement of the number of FP could be a new evaluation indicator for allocation into FD subtypes and to investigate the severity of dyspepsia symptoms and spleen Qi deficiency reflecting visceral hypersensitivity.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.144-150
• /
• 1996

Although bladder cancers are very common, little is known about their molecular pathogenesis. It is known that p53 alteration is found in about 60% of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, necessiating aggressive therapy and poor outcome. We examined the nuclear expression of p53 protein, using D07 monoclonal antibody in the urine samples from 31 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to investigate the correlation of p53 overexpression with histologic grades and depth of invasion. The positive rate of p53 protein was 27% in superficial bladder tumor, but increased up to 71% in the invasive bladder carcinomas. The overexpression of p53 protein increased according to Mostofi grading system from 18% in grade I, 45% in grade II, and up to 100% in grade III. The p53 expression tended to be higher in the invasive and high grade bladder cancers than in the superficial and low grade ones(p<0.05). These results suggest that immunohistochemical analysis of the urine specimen in the bladder cancer patients could be a useful method of screening for the presence of p53 mutant protein. The mutant p53 protein expression may be an indicator of bladder cancer with more proliferative potential and/or aggressive biologic behavior.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.709-714
• /
• 2014

Protein tyrosine nitration is considered as an important indicator of nitrosative stresses and as one of the main factors for pathogenesis of inflammation and neuronal degeneration. In this study, we investigated various nitrosative modifications of bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) through qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis using the combined strategy of Fourier transformation ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (IT-MS/MS). FT-ICR MS and its spectra were used for the search of the pattern of nitrosative modifications. Identification of nitrosatively modified tyrosine sites were executed through IT-MS/MS. In addition, we also tried to infer the reason for the site-specific nitrosative modifications in CAII. In view of the above purpose, we have explored- i) the side chain accessibility, ii) the electrostatic environment originated from the acidic/basic amino acid residues neighboring to the nitrosatively modified site and iii) the existence of competing amino acid residues for nitration.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.118-123
• /
• 2005

Nicotine has been implicated as a potential factor in the pathogenesis of human lung cancer, however its mechanism of action in the development of lung cancer remains largely unknown. To explore the role of nicotine in the development of lung cancer, we first investigated the effects of nicotine on the expression of tumor associated genes by treating Sprague-Dawley rats with nicotine (10 mg/kg) by gavage once daily for 10 days. We determined the expression of proteins and mRNAs of the ras, raf, myc, jun, fos oncogenes and p53, Rb tumor suppressor genes by Western and Northern blotting, respectively. We did not detect any changes on the levels of proteins and mRNAs of these tumor associated genes in the lung of Sprague-Dawley rats from 3 days to 12 weeks after the last treatment of nicotine, indicating that nicotine appears to have no effect on expression of these oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes at an early stage in multistage chemical carcinogenesis. In a second experiment, we investigated the possibility that 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) could be formed endogenously by treating with nicotine and sodium nitrite. We treated groups of Fischer 344 rats with nicotine ($60{\mu}mol/kg$) and sodium nitrite ($180{\mu}mol/kg$), nicotine, sodium nitrite and NNK (120 nmol/kg) alone by gavage once daily for 7 days, respectively and determined the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as an indicator of NNK formation, in the lungs of rats 24 hours and 48 hours after the last treatment by HPLC/ECD method. We detect increased level of 8-OHdG in the lungs of rats treated with NNK, but in the case of nicotine plus sodium nitrite, nicotine and sodium nitrite alone we could not detected any changes of 8-OHdG, respectively.