• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2005

하천과 인접한 수변구역은 생태학적 중요성과 더불어 친수공간 제공 및 하천 수질 보호에 있어서 매우 높은 잠재적 가치를 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 경안천내 수변구역을 대상으로 경관 구조 지수를 정량적으로 분석하여 향후 수변구역 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 분석자료는 과거 1966년부터 2000년까지 36년간의 항공사진을 기하보정하여 수변구역의 토지이용현황에 대한 시계열 자료를 이용하였고, 분석도구는 ArcView의 Extension 모듈로 운영되는 FRAGSTATS를 이용하였다. 분석결과 토지이용변화는 농경지 지역은 감소하고 시가화 건조지역은 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 기타 토지이용은 미미한 변화를 나타내고 있다. 경관의 구조 지수 변화 분석 결과 경관규모에서는 NP는 1966년에 437개에서 2000년의 토지이용 패치 수(NP)가 695개로 증가하고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 클래스 규모에서도 같은 결과를 나타내고 있어 인위적인 요인에 의한 토지이용변화가 큰 것으로 판단된다. MPS도 9.441에서 5.934로 작아지고 있어 이 지수 역시 토지이용이 많이 진행되고 있음을 나타내고 있다. 산림지역의 경우 감소하고 있는 추세이나 큰 변화는 없는 것으로 판단된다. 전체적인 지수분석 결과 패치 형태지수는 가장자리가 복잡해지고 있으며, 분산지수에서도 패치의 분산도가 커지는 것으로 나타나 토지이용이 변화되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이는 수질관리측면에서 수변구역의 주요 기능인 오염물질 차단기능을 약화시키는 결과를 초래할 수 있어 수변구역 관리에 더 많은 노력이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 향후 각 토지이용도별 각 패치의 분포 형태와 변화 양상 분석과 더불어 토양피복종류의 인접성 등을 고려한 수변구역 관리에 실질적인 자료를 제공할 수 있는 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1007-1019
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• 2006

임의의 필드 분포를 갖는 단일 페치 안테나를 평면 배열하고 각 소자에 공급되는 급전 신호의 크기와 위상을 유전자 알고리즘으로 최적화하여, 여러 방향의 지향성과 널을 갖는 다중 빔 복사 패턴의 합성 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법의 유효성을 확인하기 위해서, $2{\times}2$ 평면 배열 안테나를 제작하고 원거리 복사 패턴의 계산 결과와 측정 결과를 비교하여 동일한 특성을 확인하였으며, 다중 빔 복사 패턴의 합성은 $8{\times}8$ 배열 안테나 시스템을 이용하여, 시뮬레이션을 통해서 각 소자의 급전 신호의 크기와 위상을 최적화하였다.

• ALGAE
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2008

Eelgrass beds are very productive and provide nursery functions for a variety of fish and shellfish species. Management for the conservation of eelgrass beds along the Korean coasts is critical, and requires comprehensive strategies such as vegetation mapping. We suggest a mapping method to spatial distribution and quantify of eelgrass beds using a digital echosounder. Echosounding data were collected from the northeast part of Kwangyang Bay, on the south of Korea, in March, 2007. A transducer was attached to a boat equipped with a DGPS. The boat completed a transect survey scanning whole eelgrass beds of 11.7 km2 with a speed of 1.5-2 m s-1 (3-4 knot). The acoustic reflectivity of eelgrass allowed for detection and explicit measurements of canopy cover and height. The results showed that eelgrass bed was distributed in depth from 1.19 to 3.6 m (below MSL) and total dry weight biomass of 4.1 ton with a vegetation area of 4.05 km2. This technique was found to be an effective way to undertake the patch size and biomass of eelgrass over large areas as nondestructive sampling.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.248-251
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• 2006

This paper provides the basic theory and numerical results of shell design optimization considering the appearance of close natural frequencies in optimization process. In this study the fundamental natural frequency to be maximized is considered as the objective function and the initial volume of structures is used as the constraint function. In addition, the constraints related to natural frequency is also adopted to avoid the natural frequency closeness phenomenon during the optimization iteration. The Coon's patch is used to represent the shape and thickness distribution of shells. A degenerated shell finite element is adopted to calculate the fundamental natural frequency of the shells. The SQP available in the optimizer DoT is used to search optimum solution. From numerical results, the introduction of the frequency constraint into shell design optimization can deeply affect on the final optimum shape of shells although it is likely to be used to avoid the frequency closeness phenomenon.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.520-527
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• 1987

Clinical analysis was performed of 89 secundum type atrial septal defect patients operated on during the period from July, 15th, 1981 to March, 1987 in the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Pusan National University Hospital. Secundum type ASD was 2`I.0% among all of congenital heart diseases operated in the same period. The age distribution of patients ranged from 3 to 41 years and sex ratio, male to female was 1.23 to 1.0. Common symptoms were exertional dyspnea 64.0%, frequent upper respiratory infection 43.8%, cyanosis 10.1% and fatigue 7.9%. The mean value of cardiac catheterization data of the group of ASD combined with another cardiovascular anomalies was compared with that of only ASD group. The amount of shunt showed not statistically significant difference between two groups [P>0.05] but pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance of combined group was significantly higher than that of only ASD group [P<0.02, P<0.01]. The difference of mean hemodynamic data between the age group below 20 years and above 21 years was not statistically significant [P>0.05]. All cases were operated under cardiopulmonary bypass. Among these 51 were closed directly and 38 were applied Dacron patch. Two most common associated cardiac anomalies were pulmonary stenosis [8 cases, 9.0%] and VSD [8 cases, 9.0%]. The most frequent postoperative complication was wound infection, One patient died of low cardiac output on 10th postoperative day and the overall operative mortality was 1.1%

• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.784-794
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• 2010

Automatic facial expression recognition has many potential applications in different areas of human computer interaction. However, they are not yet fully realized due to the lack of an effective facial feature descriptor. In this paper, we present a new appearance-based feature descriptor, the local directional pattern (LDP), to represent facial geometry and analyze its performance in expression recognition. An LDP feature is obtained by computing the edge response values in 8 directions at each pixel and encoding them into an 8 bit binary number using the relative strength of these edge responses. The LDP descriptor, a distribution of LDP codes within an image or image patch, is used to describe each expression image. The effectiveness of dimensionality reduction techniques, such as principal component analysis and AdaBoost, is also analyzed in terms of computational cost saving and classification accuracy. Two well-known machine learning methods, template matching and support vector machine, are used for classification using the Cohn-Kanade and Japanese female facial expression databases. Better classification accuracy shows the superiority of LDP descriptor against other appearance-based feature descriptors.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2013

To investigate the occurrence of modern living planktonic foraminiferal species and their seasonal variations around Jeju Island, we conducted planktonic foraminiferal sampling at KIOST's regular sampling sites during 16 months. In total seven genus and 16 modern planktonic foraminiferal species were identified with six dominant species. Dominant species were Gloigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerina bulloides, Noegloboquadrina dutertrei, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, and Globorotalia inflata. Most of the species were characterized as being typical subtropical species and showed seasonal variations and/or intermittent occurrence from season to season. The occurrence of living foraminifera revealed a strong relationship with water temperature, but not with salinity. Species succession seems to occur along with water temperature changes. Some patch distribution and water temperature dependences appear to be significant since there is a high degree of variation in the occurrence patterns of species and standing stock. More detailed quantitative study is necessary to confirm the species diversity and seasonal variations of planktonic foraminifera and related ocean environmental changes.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2011

This paper presents a flexible low-profile antenna sensor for fatigue crack detection and monitoring. The sensor was inspired by the sense of pain in bio-systems as a protection mechanism. Because the antenna sensor does not need wiring for power supply or data transmission, it is an ideal candidate as sensing elements for the implementation of engineering sensor skins with a dense sensor distribution. Based on the principle of microstrip patch antenna, the antenna sensor is essentially an electromagnetic cavity that radiates at certain resonant frequencies. By implementing a metallic structure as the ground plane of the antenna sensor, crack development in the metallic structure due to fatigue loading can be detected from the resonant frequency shift of the antenna sensor. A monostatic microwave radar system was developed to interrogate the antenna sensor remotely. Fabrication and characterization of the antenna sensor for crack monitoring as well as the implementation of the remote interrogation system are presented.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2002

Cholinergic modulation of GABAergic spontaneous miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) by the activation of muscarine receptors was investigated in mechanically dissociated rat nucleus basalis of the Meynert neurons using the conventional whole-cell patch recording configuration. Muscarine $(10{\mu}M)$ reversibly and concentration-dependently decreased mIPSC frequency without affecting the current amplitude distribution. Muscarine action on GABAergic mIPSCs was completely blocked by $1{\mu}M$ methoctramine, a selective $M_2$ receptor antagonist, but not by $1{\mu}M$ pirenzepine, a selective $M_1$ receptor antagonist. NEM $(10{\mu}M),$ a G-protein uncoupler, attenuated the inhibitory action of muscarine on GABAergic mIPSC frequency. Muscarine still could decrease GABAergic mIPSC frequency even in the $Ca^{2+}-free$ external solution. However, the inhibitory action of muscarine on GABAergic mIPSCs was completely occluded in the presence of forskolin. The results suggest that muscarine acts presynaptically and reduces the probability of spontaneous GABA release, and that such muscarine-induced inhibitory action seems to be mediated by G-protein-coupled $M_2$ receptors, via the reduction of cAMP production. Accordingly, $M_2$ receptor-mediated disinhibition of nBM neurons might play one of important roles in the regulation of cholinergic outputs from nBM neurons as well as the excitability of nBM neurons themselves.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2017

Green tides that developed along the coast of China in 2015 were detected and tracked using vegetation indices from GOCI and Landsat images. Green tides first appeared near the Jiangsu Province on May 14 before increasing in size and number and moving northward to the Shandong Peninsula in mid-June. Typhoon Cham-hom passed through the Yellow Sea on July 12, significantly decreasing the algal population. An algae patch moved east toward Korea and on June 18 and July 4, several masses were found between the southwestern shores of Korea and Jeju Island. The floating masses found in Korean waters were concentrated at the boundary of the open sea and the Jindo cold pool, a phenomenon also observed at the boundary of coastal and offshore waters in China. Sea surface temperatures, derived from NOAA SST data, were found to play a role in generation of the green tides.