• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.348-358
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to produce visual content for effective education of Passive verbs and Causative verbs in Korean language education for foreigners. Passive verbs and causative verbs are contents that must be taught to intermediate level learners. However, it is recognized as a difficult item for both learners and Korean teachers because the realization pattern is complicated, and there is no rule to explain the combination relationship between the action and the instruction by suffix. In this article, the use of nonverbal information that can improve the learning effect was considered. Providing verbal and non-verbal information together in language education can be expected to improve learners' communication skills. In particular, visual content is non-verbal information that can positively affect memory enhancement, playback, and transition. Therefore, this study attempted to plan and produce picture cards as visual materials. The picture card, produced with a focus on the correct education of Korean Passive verbs, will efficiently and significantly make Korean Passive verbs and Causative verbs teaching and learning by suffixes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.340-348
• /
• 2007

This paper deals with the complex verb formation of passive and potential predicates and syntactic structures projected by these verbs. Though both predicates are formed with the suffix -rare which has been assumed to originate from the same stem, they show significantly different syntactic behaviors. We propose two kinds of concatenation of base verbs and auxiliaries; passive verbs are lexically formed with the most restrictive mode of combination, while potential verbs are formed syntactically via more flexible combinatory operations of function composition. The difference in the mode of complex verb formation has significant consequences for their syntactic structures and semantic interpretations, including different combination with the honorific morphemes and subjectivization of arguments/adjuncts of base verbs. We also consider the case alternation phenomena and their implications for scope construals found in potential sentences, which can be accounted for in a unified manner in terms of the optional application of function composition.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2000

Korean passive verbs are derived from their corresponding active verbs by suffixation or by adding endings and auxiliaries to their stems. Therefore. we assume p passive verbs share some lexical informations with their active counterparts. This paper extending the Generative Lexicon theory of Pustejovsky (995). aims to characterize the argument realization patterns of Korean passive verbs focusing on the case alternation a and to propose their lexical semantic structures which account for the syntactic behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
• /
• 2002.02a
• /
• pp.195-204
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the lexical-semantic structure of morphologically derived passive verbs in Korean based on Pustejovsky (1995)'s Generative Lexicon Theory (GL) and to explain the change of the root verb's lexical-semantic structure by means of passivization. Passivization in this paper is defined as the unaccusaztivization. In Argument Structure of derived passive verbs, the agent argument is deleted and the theme argument is realized as a syntactic subject. As for Event Structure, derived passives express left-headed event (achievement), whereas their roots denote right-headed event (accomplishment). In Qualia Structure, passive verbs and root ones have the same Fomal Role, but in Agentive Role of passive verbs, an act weakens to a process. Both Formal and Agentive Roles have the same theme argument.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.251-266
• /
• 2002

This paper aims to compare and analyse the pattern of the pitch accent realization between the English native speakers and the .Korean speakers, using the sentences by the scope of focus including intransitive verbs; unaccusative, unergative, and passive, based on the previous studies. The results show that the English native speakers produce the intonational patterns similar to the previous study (Hoskins, 1996), which showed that English native speakers deaccented after the focused word for unaccusative and passive verbs in broad focus. Korean speakers, however, have a tendency not to deaccent after the focused word for both verbs. In the narrow subject focus condition, Koreans do not deaccent the verbs after the focused subject. In the narrow verb focus condition, they produce the pitch accent on verbs as the English native speakers do, but they tend to produce the pitch accent on subjects that should not be given any pitch accent. Therefore, unlike the English native speakers, the Korean speakers have a tendency not only that they do not produce three types of intransitive verbs with proper intonation, but also that they do not realize the focus structure itself properly.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.199-216
• /
• 2009

This study investigates how Korean speakers develop their interlanguage of English passive constructions with a reference to the learners' grammar proficiency levels. Sixty two college students of different levels of English participated in this study. They were asked to complete a sentence-completion task. Their production was classified into accurate passives, malformed passives, pseudo-passives, unaccusatives, and actives according to the use of transitive, ergative and unergative verbs. They then were further analyzed depending on the subjects' levels of grammar by three main factors: L1 transfer, the English voice system, and universal cognitive factors. The results showed that the subjects of the lower group produced more pseudo-passives, malformed passives, and overpassivization than those of the higher group, and even subjects of higher group still made passives for ergative verbs. It was also shown that L1 and universal factors had more influence on the lower group than on the higher group. Based on the analyses of the subjects' responses, the development of the English passive system by Korean learners is shown and some implications are suggested for effective teaching of English.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.69-89
• /
• 2006

This study investigated whether and how semantic nature of intransitive verbs can be related to the L2 overpassivization errors. A total of 126 Korean high school students participated in a grammaticality judgment test on English sentences in which seven semantically different types of intransitive verbs were passivized. The results showed that there was an effect of semantic type on the students' judgment on overpassivization errors. Overall, it was shown that the students experienced the lowest degree of difficulty with the Controlled Process-Motional type verbs while experiencing the high degree of difficulty with the Change of State, Existence of State, Continuation of Pre-existing State, and Uncontrolled Process types. Two interlanguage patterns were also identified: the students at higher proficiency level and those at lower-proficiency level showed distinctive patterns on the task. It was argued that the simple dichotomy of unaccusative-unergative distinction does not suffice for the explanation of the complex phenomenon of L2 overpassivization.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.177-191
• /
• 2011

This paper examines nursing professionals' English abstract to learn their preferences towards tense and voice choices. A total of 24 abstracts, completed reviews to be published by the editorial board members of the Korea Industrial Nursing Association, were analyzed for the study. Each sentence in the four parts of the abstract (Purpose, Methods, Results, and Conclusion) was examined and classified into active/passive voices, and present/past/present perfect tenses. Verbs were then further identified to see which ones were commonly preferred to state the objectives of the study, methods, and to draw conclusions. Hedging expressions in Conclusion were also examined. The results of the present study revealed that Purpose was mostly (79%) stated in the past tense with slight use (17%) of the present tense in the form of 58% active and 42% passive voice whereas Methods were dominantly (96%) illustrated in the past tense with preference of mixed active and passive voice. The Results were also preferably (92%) stated in past tense and Conclusion in both present and past tense. Verbs used by these nursing professionals seemed diverse; however, hedging appeared to be narrowly limited to a few expressions including suggest and should. More diverse English hedging expressions need to be taught at least college level writing so that the EFL learners and writers can have a better understanding of presenting statements in an appropriate level of caution, confidence, or uncertainty.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.71-85
• /
• 2005

To build a Korean wordnet, we translated semi-automatically the English wordnet PWN into Korean verbs. During this process, we found that some of translation errors are related to the arbitrariness of PWN`s sense distinction in regard to the accusativity/inaccusativity of the same verb form in English. This study presents an empirically based method of remodeling the PWN for Korean wordnet and while revising the PWN`s hierarchical structure, it shows the necessity of classifying the Korean passive verbs as semantically autonomous.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 2004

This paper describes the Korean Question answering system using the syntactic-relation information d verbs to overcome lack of reliable knowledge and linguistic resources. The syntactic-relation information consists d the original form d a verb, usual usage pattern, semantic category of each dependent noun, synonym verbs and passive verbs. We use the syntactic-relation information to parse sentences or phrases with usual usage pattern of the verb and semantic conditions of dependent components on the verb. We also use that information to parse answer candidate sentences, and find an answer from questioned case slot. Our experiments that usage of the syntactic-relation information of verbs to mm lack of reliable knowledge and linguistic resources can be utilized efficiently for the Korean question answering system.