• 약학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.231-242
• /
• 1995

Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) increases the activity of acetylchohnesterase and decreases in brain acetylcholine levels. A large amount of free fatty acids accumulated in the brain tissue affects cerebral blood flow, brain edema and inflammation and results in brain injury. The present study examined the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and D,L-pyroglutamic acid (D,L-PCA) on the learning and memory deficit using the passive avoidance failure technique and on the change of acetylcholine and choline level in the cerebral cortex of ECS-induced mice. The application of ECS (25mA, 0.5sec) induced a significant decrease in memory function for 30 min. ECS-induced a significant decrease in cortical acetylcholine and choline levels 1 min following the ECS application, which were almost recovered to ECS control level after 30 min. DHA (20 mg/kg, i.p.). administered 24 hr before shock. prevented the ECS-induced passive avoidance failure and the decrease of acetylcholine level 1 min following the ECS application. DHA failed to elicit a change in cortical choline level. DHA did not affect memory function and the cortical Ach and choline level of normal mice. The administration of D,L-PCA (500 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the effect of DHA on memory function and the change of cortical acetylcholine level of ECS induced mice. These results suggest that DHA treatment may be contributed to the prevention against memory deficit, and to the activation of cholinergic system in the ECS induced mice.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.234-239
• /
• 2001

Three types of learning and memory tests (Morris water maze, active and passive avoidance) were performed in rats following intracerebroventricular infusion of ethylcholine aziridium (AF64A). In Morris water maze, AF64A-treated rats showed the delayed latencies to find the platform iron 6th day after the infusion. In pretrained rats, AF64A caused the significant delay of latency at 7th days but not 8th day. In the active avoidance for the pretrained rats, the escape latency was significantly delayed in AF64A-treatment. The percentages of avoidance in AF64A-treated rats were less increased than those in the control. Especially, the percentage of no response in the AF64A-treated rats was markedly increased in the first half trials. In the passive avoidance, AF64A-treated rats shortened the latency 1.5 h after the electronic shock, but not 24 h. AF64A also caused the pretrained rats to shorten the latency 7th day after the infusion, but not 8th day. These results indicate that AF64A might impair the learning and memory. However, these results indicate that the disturbed memory by AF64A might rapidly recover after the first retrain. Furthermore, these results suggest that AF64A may be a useful agent for the animal model of learning for Spatial cognition .

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.69-94
• /
• 2023

Purpose Social networking service (SNS) platforms employ distinct networking strategies to meet the varying needs of their users, resulting in divergent sets of technological functionalities offered by each platform. Consequently, unique features on various SNSs give rise to distinct social issues. Moreover, the available technical coping mechanisms for users vary significantly across platforms. Design/methodology/approach Therefore, this study analyzes the factors affecting technical coping intention based on technical functions of SNSs for users exposed to cybercrime, such as sexual harassment. We divide coping intention into active and passive coping intention. Furthermore, this research focuses on trust as an antecedent of coping intention and verifies how human and system-like trust affects two coping intentions in different directions. Findings Findings reveal that system-like trust significantly affects both active and passive coping intention as a belief in whether the technology will work properly. However, in the case of human-like trust, trust in the platform provider was found to negatively affect passive coping, which is considered unsocialized behavior on SNS platforms. Therefore, both human-like and system-like trust for the platform must be appropriately applied to cope with the problem while activating the platform.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.1118-1126
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the anti allergic effect in vivo and in vitro, and to observe single and four weeks repeated toxicity in mice of Bangpung-galgeun-tang (BGT). We investigated anti DNP IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rodents and compound 48/80-induced active systemic anaphylatic shock in mice after oral administration with BGT of 0.4 g/kg and 0.8 g/kg for 8 days, and also examined MTT assay, ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ activity, IL-4 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ from RBL-2H3 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ from Raw264.7 after pre-treatment with BGT of 0.25 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml. To ascertain safety and toxicity of BGT, we divided into single and four weeks repeated administration test. In single test, three groups were administrated different dosages and routes (2 g/kg/i.p., 4 g/kg/i.p. and 15 g/kg /p.o.) of BGT, and in four weeks repeated test, 0.8 g/kg BGT was administrated. Control groups were administrated with only saline according to on Korean Food and Drug Administration, respectively. We observed attentively motality, abnormal clinical sign, body weight change, organ weight, AST and ALT of mice after BGT administration. BGT inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and active systemic anaphylatic shock by oral administration. All the concentrations of BGT from 0.25 to 2 mg/ml didn't have an effect on cell viability and cytotoxicity. In RBL-2H3, ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ release, IL-4 and $TNF-{\alpha}$, and in Raw264.7, $TNF-{\alpha}$ were significantly reduced by treated all concentrations of BGT. During toxicity experiment period, there was no difference in body weight change, organ weight, AST and ALT among different dose groups. Death were found 3 mice from day 2 to day 3 in single test i.p. group. (2 g/kg, 4 g/kg). Several individuals of single test i.p. group were observed that decreased locomotor activity, exophthalmos, bloodshot eyes, loss of eyesight and so on in early period after administration. But there was no difference in clinical signs among p.o. group. These results indicate that BGT have inhibition effects on allergy and suggest that no observable effect level of the test orally administration was considered to be more than 2 g/kg in mice under the conditions employed in this study.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.230-240
• /
• 2019

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang decoction and Hwangryunhaedok-tang Pharmacopuncture at BL10 on cognition and memory impairment in a mouse dementia model induced by scopolamine. Methods : Fifty ICR mice were divided into 6 groups : Normal group (n=5), Control group (n=9), Positive control group for pharmacopuncture group (n=9, Donepezil 0.75 mg/kg), Positive control group for oral administration group (n=9, Donepezil 5 mg/kg), Pharmacopuncture group (n=9, Hwangryunhaedok-tang Pharmacopuncture undiluted solution 10 ml/kg), and Oral administration group (n=9, Hwangryunhaedok-tang 200 mg/kg). For a mouse dementia model, 1 mg/kg scopolamine was intraperitoneally administered to ICR mice. Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture was administered on BL10 for 4 weeks at intervals of 2 days. Hwangryunhaedok-tang decoction was given orally for 4 weeks every day. Morris water maze and passive avoidance test were conducted followed by measurement of acetylcholine concentration, acetylcholinesterase activity, and the amount of BDNF and p-CREB in the brain. Results : 1. In the Morris water maze test, the time spent staying around the platform significantly increased in the pharmacopuncture group and oral administration group than in the control group. 2. In the passive avoidance test, the time spent in the bright room significantly increased in the pharmacopuncture group and oral administration group than in the control group. 3. The level of acetylcholine in brains increased in the pharmacopuncture group and oral administration group than in the control group. Also, the activity of acetylcholinesterase decreased in the pharmacopuncture group and oral administration group than in the control group. 4. The expression of BDNF and p-CREB decreased in the control group, but increased in the pharmacopuncture group and oral administration group. Conclusions : These results suggest that Hwangryunhaedok-tang decoction and Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture at BL10 may have cognition and memory-enhancing effect in scopolamine-induced dementia in ICR mice via controlling the content of acetylcholine and the activity of acetylcholinesterase, and activating BDNF and p-CREB.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 2010

To evaluate the antiallergic effect of fermented Ixeris sonchifolia (IS, family Compositae), we prepared IS kimchi, isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from it, fermented IS with these LAB, and investigated their antiallergic effects. IS kimchi inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction induced by an IgE-antigen complex as well as the scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 or histamine more potently than IS. When IS was fermented with LAB isolated from IS kimchi, its antiallergic effects was also increased. Of LAB used for fermentation, Lactobacillus brevis more potently increased the antiallergic effects. Its main constituents, chlorogenic acid and luteolin, potently inhibited the PCA reaction induced by the IgE-antigen complex as well as the pruritis induced by compound 48/80 or histamine. These constituents inhibited the expression of pro inflammatory and allergic cytokines, TNF-$\alpha$. and IL-4, and transcription factor NF-${\kappa}B$ activation induced by the IgE-antigen complex in RBL-2H3 cells, as well as the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells induced by the IgE-antigen complex. Luteolin more potently inhibited these allergic reactions than chlorogenic acid. These findings suggest that the antiallergic effect of IS can be increased by LAB fermentation, and the fermented IS might improve allergic reactions such as pruritus, anaphylaxis, and inflammation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.256-261
• /
• 2001

Allergenicity of genetically-modified (GM) soybean was evaluated in male Sprague Dawley rats. To confirm the GM soybean used in this study, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the chromosomal DNA of soybeans. The PCR result provided the clear discrimination of genetically-modified (GM) soybeans. To evaluate the allergenicity of GM soybean and non-GM control one, the soybean homogenate was sensitized subcutaneously 3 times a week for 3 weeks. The doses of soybean were 0, 2 and 20 mg/kg in the protein basis. A week after the last sensitization, antisera were recovered from individual animals. When the sera were injected intradermally on the clipped back of unsensitized rats with various dilutions, followed by a challenge with 20 mg/kg of soybean homogenate containing 1% Evans blue, no sign of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction was detected. In addition, when the sera were treated in the cultures of peritoneal mast cells, the increase of histamine release by anti-(GM soybean) sera was not observed when compared to that by anti-(non-GM soybean) sera. The present results indicate that the GM soybean might not act as a strong allergen in male Sprague Dawley rats.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제21권9호
• /
• pp.458-470
• /
• 2021

한국의 정책 현실에서는 사회적으로 큰 이슈가 되지만 막상 정책 결정이 이루어지지 않는 경우가 많이 있다. 이렇게 정책 결정이 지연되는 이유로는 적정한 정책 절차를 거치기 위해서 지연되는 경우, 이해관계자의 동의가 이루어지지 않아 지연되는 경우 등도 존재하지만, 이와 같은 사유만으로 정당화되지 않는 정책 지연도 다수 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 현재 한국의 정책 결정 과정에서 정당화되지 않는 정책 지연은 정부에 의한 의도적인 무의사결정으로 설명할 수 있다는 점을 제시하고자 하였다. 이에 대한 사례로 상암동 롯데복합쇼핑몰을 제시하고, 상암동 롯데복합쇼핑몰 정책 과정을 무의사결정의 시각에서 분석하였다. 엘리트층의 존재, 목적, 정책수단, 정책과정, 결과 등의 요소들을 기반으로 분석한 결과 상암동 롯데복합쇼핑몰 건립 지연 사례는 정부의 적극적이고 전략적인 무의사결정에 의한 것으로 추정될 수 있었다. 소극행정과 구분되는 정부의 전략적인 무의사결정에 대해 향후 다양한 검토가 이루어질 필요가 있다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제19권3호통권31호
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2006

Object : We investigated the effect of Gamiokyaek-tang (GOYT) on immediate type hypersensitivity. Methods : We investigated anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in rodents. Also perfonned MTT assay and b-hexosaminidase activity is measured in RBL-2H3. Results : GOYT inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability by oral administration. All the concentrations of GOYT from 0.1 to 5 mg/ml didn't have an effect on cell viability and cytotoxicity. b-hexosaminidase release in RBL-2H3 was significantly reduced by 2 and 5 mg/ml of GOYT. Conclusion : These results indicate that GOYT have inhibition effects on immediate type hypersensitivity .

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.122-127
• /
• 1997

The aqueous extract of Siegesbeckia pubescens (SPAE) inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis 100% with the dose of 1.0, 0.5 mg/g body weight (BW) at 1 h before or 5 min, 10 min after intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80. The passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction also inhibited to 78.5% by oral administration of SPAE(1.0 mg/g BW). When SPAE pretreated on mice at concentrations ranging from 0.0001 to 1.0 mg/g BW, the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SPAE ($100-800{\mu}g/ml) dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) by compound 48/80 $(5{\mu}g/ml)$. Analysis by microscopic appearance observation revealed that SPAE $(500{\mu}g/ml) stabilized the RPMC membrane. Therefore, these findings indicate that SPAE inhibits anaphylactic reactions through stabilization of mast cell membrane.