• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2016

The serpentine internal passage is located in turbine blade and it shows the variety heat transfer distribution. Especially, the Coriolis force, which is induced by blade rotation, makes different heat transfer distribution of the leading and trailing surfaces of serpentine internal passage. The different heat transfer is one of the reasons why the serpentine cooling passage shows low cooling performance in the rotating condition. So, this study tried to design the advanced the serpentine passage to consideration of the Coriolis force. The design concept of advanced serpentine cooling is maximizing cooling performance using the Coriolis force. So, the flow turns from leading surface to trailing surface in advanced serpentine passage to match the direction of Coriolis force and rotating force. We performed numerical analysis using CFX and compared the existing and advanced serpentine internal passage. This design change is induced the high heat transfer distribution of whole advanced serpentine internal passage surfaces.

• Strategy21
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• 통권43호
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• pp.29-55
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• 2018

Arctic sea ice has been retreating as a result of the global warming. Arctic sea ice extent for April 2018 averaged 13.71 million square kilometers. This figure shows far less sea ice compared to the average extent from 1981 to 2010. Meanwhile, 287 times of maritime transits through the Northwest Passage have been made during the 2017 and the first ship traversed the Northern Sea Route without the assistant of ice-breaker in August 2017. Commercialization of the Arctic Passage means significant economic and strategic advantages by shortening the distance. In this article, 'Arctic Passage' means Northern Sea Route along the Arctic coast of Russia and Northwest Passage crossing Canadian Arctic Ocean. As climate changes, the potential feasibility of the Arctic Passage has been drawing international attention. Since navigation in this area remains hazardous in some aspects, IMO adopted Polar Code to promote safe, secure and sustainable shipping through the Arctic Passage. Futhermore, Russia and Canada regulate foreign vessels over the maritime zones with the authority to unilaterally exercise jurisdiction pursuant to the Article 234 of UNCLOS. The dispute over the navigation regime of the arctic passage materialized with Russia proclaimed Dmitrii Laptev and Sannikov Straits as historically belong to U.S.S.R. in the mid 1960s and Canada declared that the waters of the passage are historic internal waters in 1973 for the first time. So as to support their claims, In 1985, Russia and Canada established straight baseline including Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage. The United States has consistently protested that the Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage are straits used for international navigation which are subject to the regime of transit passage. Firstly, it seems that Russia and Canada do not meet the basic requirements for acquiring a historic title. Secondly, since the Law of the Sea had adopted before the establishment of straight baseline over the Russian Arctic Archipelago and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Ships can exercise at least the right of innocent passage. Lastly, Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage have fulfilled the both geographical and functional criteria pertaining to the strait used for international navigation under the international law. Especially, should the arctic passage become commercially viable, it can be expected to accumulate the functional criterion. Russia and Canada regulate the ships navigate in their maritime zones by adopting the higher degree of an environmental standard than generally accepted international rules and standard mainly under the Article 234 of UNCLOS. However, the Article 234 must be interpreted restrictively as this contains constraint on the freedom of navigation. Thus, it is reasonable to consider that the Article 234 is limited only to the EEZ of coastal states. Therefore, ships navigating in the Arctic Passage with the legal status of the territorial sea and the international straits under the law of the sea have the right of innocent passage and transit passage as usual.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1982년도 제16차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.6.2-7
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• 1982

1976년 9월 1 일부터 1981 년 8월 31 일까지 5년 동안 본원 이비인후과를 내원한 식도 및 기도의 이물환자 270명에 대한 연령 및 성별 분포, 이물의 종류 및 빈도, 각 이물의 개재부위, 그리고 각 이물의 개재기간에 대한 통계적 고찰을 한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1) 식도이물은 전체 270 례중 256 례 (94.8%)로 대부분이었고, 기도이물은 14례 (5.2%)로 나타났다. 2) 연령별로는 식도이물에서 5 세이하가 198 례 (77.7%)였다. 또한 이 연령군의 식도이물에서 주화가 175 례 (87.9%), 기도이물에서는 플라스틱 제품이 7 례 (50.0%)로 주종을 이루었고, 40세이상 연령군에서 골판류가 8례 (47.1%), 육괴가 6례 (35.3 %)로 주종을 이루고 있었다. 3) 성별 빈도는 식도이물에서 남자 대 여자의 비가 151 : 105(1.4 : 1) 로 남자가 많았고, 기도이물에서도 남자 대 여자의 비가 10 : 4 ( 2.5 : 1)로 남자가 많았다. 4) 종류별로 보면 식도이물에서는 주화가 199 례 (77.7%)로 가장 많았고 그 다음이 금속류가 15 례(5.9%), 골련 (5.1%), 육괴 (3.9%)순으로 나타났다. 기도이물에서는 플라스틱류가 7례 (50.0%)로 가장 많았다. 5) 개재부위는 식도에서 제 1 협착부가 가창 많았고(93.4%), 기도에서는 기관지가 가장 많았으며 (71.4%) 특히 우측 기관지가 많았다. 6) 개재기간은 식도의 경우 218명 (85.2%)이 24시간이내에 내원하였고 기도에서는 9명 (64.3%)이 24시간이내에 내원하였으며, 5개월후에 내원한 경우도 1례 있었다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2000

Cell growth and DNA synthesis were studied from a cultured early- and late- pas- sage mouse aorta smooth muscle cell (MASMC) because the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a key factor in development of atherosclerosis. In this study, the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and stimulated by growth factors such as thrombin and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Compared to the number of early-passage MASMC (passage 3 to 9) the number of late-passage MASMC (passage 30 to 40) in a normal serum state was increased 2 fold at Day 1, 3 and 6 in culture, respectively. Incorporation of $[^3H]$ thymidine into DNA induced by serum, PDGF and thrombin in late-passage MASMC was greater than those in early-passage MASMC. We also examined whether intracellular zinc levels would be an aging factor or not. The intracellular zinc level in early- and late-passage MASMC was monitored by using the zinc probe dye N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide. It is interested that late-passage MASMC increased the intracellular fluorescence level of zinc, more than the early passage MASMC did. The alterations of intracellular zinc level occur concurrently with changes in MASMC proliferation rate during aging. This data suggest that the age-associated changes in zinc concentrations may provide a new in vitro model for the study of smooth muscle cell differentiation.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2007년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.99-102
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• 2007

Underground passage shopping center which is one of the underground space is a public facility. Therefore, underground passage shopping center needs physical environment that everyone (such as ordinary adults, seniors, disabled and ETC) could use it without any difficulties. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the application of universal design into main entrance space of underground passage shopping center. The scope of this research was adjusted as 8 underground passage shopping centers that are located in Seoul. Spacial scope of the research was set as public space such as main entrance space, slope way, stairway of underground passage shopping center and the content of scope of this research was the application of universal design. The conclusion of this research is as following. First, public space of underground passage shopping center needs physical environmental improvement for the convenient usage for seniors and disabled. Second, the application of universal design is needed for public space for shelter and rescue of underground passage shopping center. Third, Underground passage shopping center needs a plan to minimize the safety infringement of user by commercial activity of stores in it.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.28-39
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• 2021

This study considered the rite of passage ceremonial food in the Mid-Choseon Period through the rite of passage ceremonies, food, and ingredients recorded in the Seoul Noble Ohhweemun Family Diary Shaemirok. The research used a contents analysis method through case studies. The noble families in the Mid-Choseon Period deemed the Jerye to be the most significant out of the traditional ceremonies. The nobles practiced the Sadehbongsah and the Yoonhweebongsah ceremonies for their ancestors. The Rite of passage ceremony required fruit. Of fish and birds, pheasants were used frequently during the ceremonies. Noble families, specifically the richer families, could sustainably normalize the rite of passage ceremonies against the elements. Seasonal ingredients were generally harvested even during spring and winter in large amounts. One of the last rites of passage food by Garye displayed diverse ingredients, such as Bangaeng, Myun, Tang, Uhyookjuk, Poe, Chae, Hae, and Silgwa. Such ingredients prove that the normalization of rite of passage ceremony food was well established and practiced. On the other hand, the birthday rite of passage food did not conform to a specific rite of passage normalcy or preparation. Instead, the birthday food showed a flexible menu of seasonal delicacies that were not confined to a particular traditional formula.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.196-205
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• 2000

This paper proposes a topology-based algorithm for recognizing the passage features using a concept of multi-face hole loop. The Multi-face hole loop is a concetpual hole loop that is formed over several connected faces. A passage feature is recognized in the proposed approach by two multi-face hole loops that constitute its enterance and exit. The algorithm proposed in this paper checks the connectivity of the two multi-face hole loops to recognize passage features. The total number of passage features in a part is calculated from Euler equation and is compared with the number of found passage features to decide when to terminate. To find all multi-face hole loops in a part, this paper proposes an algorithm for finding all combinations of connected faces. The edge convexity is used to judge the validity of multi-face hole loops. By using the algorithm proposed in this paper, the passage features could be recognized effectively. The approach proposed in this paper is illustrated with several example parts.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2008

This paper is focused on studying a pedestrian passage that forms exterior space of the housing unit on diverse prerequisites and convenience of residential environment regards to plans for Multi-family Housing Complex. The paper explores the actual usage of a pedestrian passage installed in Multi-family Housing Complex and examine whether the nature-friendly space that includes the exterior pedestrian passage of the housing unit is being applied variously on a pedestrian passage. In order to obtain an analysis of the current status on case study unit, the study has prepared an analyzing tool for the environment in use for the exterior pedestrian passage and was able to construction problematic points by applying the obtained data. Thanks for the analysis, a comprehensive evaluation on the plans for the pedestrian passage was implemented through correlation with a green tract of land, living space and the exterior pedestrian passage installed in Multi-family Housing Complex.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.37-42
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• 1996

This study aims to see some prosodic features of English spoken by Japanese learners of English. It focuses on speech rates, pauses, and intonation when the learners read an English passage. Three Japanese learners of English, who are all male university students, were asked to read the speech material, an English passage of 110 word length, at their normal reading speed. Then a native speaker of English, a male American English teacher. was asked to read the same passage. The Japanese speakers were also asked to read a Japanese passage of 286 letters (Japanese Kana) to compare the reading of English with that of japanese. Their speech was analyzed on a computerized system (KAY Computerized Speech Lab). Wave forms, spectrograms, and F0 contours were shown on the screen to measure the duration of pauses, phrases and sentences and to observe intonation contours. One finding of the experiment was that the movement of the low speakers' speech rates showed a similar tendency in their reading of the English passage. Reading of the Japanese passage by the three learners also had a similar tendency in the movement of speech rates. Another finding was that the frequency of pauses in the learners speech was greater than that in the speech of the native speaker, but that the ration of the total pause length to the whole utterance length was about tile same in both the learners' and the native speaker's speech. A similar tendency was observed about the learners' reading of the Japanese passage except that they used shorter pauses in the mid-sentence position. As to intonation contours, we found that the learners used a narrower pitch range than the native speaker in their reading of the English passage while they used a wider pitch range as they read the Japanese passage. It was found that the learners tended to use falling intonation before pauses whereas the native speaker used different intonation patterns. These findings are applicable to the teaching of English pronunciation at the passage level in the sense that they can show the learners. Japanese here, what their problems are and how they could be solved.

• 고전문학과교육
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• 제15호
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• pp.303-327
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is the analysis of to point its structure and meaning deduced from the rite of passage. In the light of the rite of passage, could be retrieved its value as one of significant works among the works of Gangho-sijo. is composed of nineteen pieces of monotype sijo. The first piece is a kind of prologue. The other pieces are divided into three parts which correspond with the three stages of the rite of passage-separation, transition, incorporation. As a result of this analysis, we can find out the writer's cognitive change according to the schema of the rite of passage. It becomes clear that the space of Gangho means the sacred space for mental culture rather than a separate space for escape. And considering the withdrawal for Gangho as the transition process of the rite of passage, gives a description of the disentanglement of conflict and a incorporation into the superior position of spirit.