• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.476-489
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• 1999

This paper is concerned with the deployment of core technologies for automotive steel sheets, based on the structural change of global market. The main tasks of automotive industry are to ensure the energy consumption, environmental regulations, and driving safety. With social and legal requirements, this study analyzes the market creation processes with technological innovations for hot rolled, cold rolled and galvanized steel sheets during the 20th century. It has been proven that the leading country in the steel industry was also that in the automotive. The purchaser-supplier relations of sheet materials are then patternized in the regional markets of the United States and Japan, who share nearly 50% of market in the world. According to the paradigm shift of globalization, the balance of power in Porter's 5 forces has been moved to the buyers', and both industries pursue Win-Win strategies such as the PNGV(Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles ) and design-in system with the competition.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose the AI certification standardization activities for systematic research and planning for the standardization of trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI). The activities will be in two-fold. In the stage 1, we investigate the scope and possibility of standardization through AI reliability technology research targeting international standards organizations. And we establish the AI reliability technology standard and AI reliability verification for the feasibility of the AI reliability technology/certification standards. In the stage 2, based on the standard technical specifications established in the previous stage, we establish AI reliability certification program for verification of products, systems and services. Along with the establishment of the AI reliability certification system, a global InterOp (Interoperability test) event, an AI reliability certification international standard meetings and seminars are to be held for the spread of AI reliability certification. Finally, TAIPP (Trustworthy AI Partnership Project) will be established through the participation of relevant standards organizations and industries to overall maintain and develop standards and certification programs to ensure the governance of AI reliability certification standards.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.1151-1154
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• 2008

UMTS(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)의 인증 및 키 교환 프로토콜은 기본적으로 3GPP(3 Generation Partnership Project)에서 제안한 UMTS AKA(Authentication and Key Agreement) 프로토콜을 표준으로 사용한다. 하지만 UMTS AKA 프로토콜은 네트워크 대역폭 소모, 저장 공간의 오버헤드, SQN 동기화 문제 등이 제기되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 UMTS AKA 관련 프로토콜들의 문제점을 분석하고 이를 해결하기 위한 전방향 안전성을 제공하는 F-AKA 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안 하는 프로토콜은 상호인증을 제공하고, 프라이버시를 강화하였으며 전방향 안전성을 보장한다.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.19-65
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• 2000

This study analyzes the development of technological infrastructure(TI) and technological infrastructure policy(TIP) to enhance the technological capabilities of small and mid-sized manufacturing enterprises(SMEs) in the U.S. and Korea in terms of the technological system(TS) concept, which is composed of technological infrastructure, industrial organization, and institutional infrastructure. In order to analyze the internal dynamics of the system, such as incentive mechanisms, the interaction among economic actors, and the policy implementation process, we compare the MEP(Manufacturing Extension Partnership) system of the U.S. and the Joong-Jin-Gong system of Korea. Among many similarities, contrasts, and insights from each country's effort to construct TI and TS, the main findings are as follows. (1) Both the MEP system and the Joong-Jin-Cong system are TI-led or government-led type TS. However, the nation-wide picture is different: in the U.S., most TSs including the MEP system., are classified as TI-led type; in Korea, many TI-assisted or private sector-led TSs have been developed since the early 1960s. (2) the MEP system, as a representative case of the U.S., is less stable than the Joong-Jin-Gong system of Korea in terms of financing and political cycle. (3) The MEP system is a more complex and cooperative network than the Joong-Jin-Gong system. NIST, as a critical mass, generates the system, bridges various institutions, and influences the development of the system by providing funding. (4) Regarding TI components, TSs in both countries focus on utilizing off-the-shelf technologies rather than advanced technologies. However, the direction of movement is different: in the U.S., TSs have come to emphasize existing technologies to counterbalance an innovation system that has been highly focused toward new technologies; in Korea, TSs have been moving from focusing on a higher diffusion rate of imported process technologies to stressing new technology development. (5) Personnel and staffing, embodying technological capability, is an important concern in both countries. But the human capital infrastructure of the U.S. system is more efficient and industry-oriented than that of the Korean system due to a more flexible labor market. (6) While the U.S. has a strong tradition of state and local autonomy in constructing TI and TS to fit SMEs's specific need, Korea has a centralized and bureaucratically-led policy implementation process.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.29-31
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• 2019

Purpose - The aim of this paper is to examine the newly formed a partnership of Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway (Berkshire) and JPMorgan through the lens of strategic alliance, corporate philanthropy, and corporate social responsibility. Research design, data, and methodology - This is an analytical case study that examines the existing scholarly articles in strategic alliances, corporate philanthropy, and corporate social responsibility to explain the recent strategic alliance. Results - There is a clear limitation in explaining this type of unconventional strategic alliance with exiting definitions and concepts because there is no existing study or case available today. Forming a strategic business alliance to create and operate healthcare for their domestic employees could be viewed as a social innovation that resulted from an effort to resolve a social problem, the ineffective healthcare system in the U.S., rather than focusing on business benefits and profits. Conclusions - The success or failure of this type of business alliance would certainly affect the current healthcare system of the United States and global businesses and healthcare industries in the future. However, just entering or tapping into uncharted territory by these three companies to deal with a social issue is significant enough to merit further exploration and analysis for scholars and practitioners.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.117-131
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the current situation of B2B fashion buying behavior (i.e., buying motives, product characteristics, buying processes), and to analyze the buying performance, buying problems and buying strategies. In depth, face-to-face interviews with structured questionnaire were conducted with three buyers and three vendors related to 18 buying items of C Company. Results of this research were as following:1. Buying motives were mainly reduction of buying costs, improvement of profits, and increased efficiency in buying process for retail buyers, while the selling motive was mainly improvement of market share for suppliers. Suitable items for B2B buying were basic items or bulk items. The B2B buying process included the following steps: selecting auction items, target prices, and suppliers ; setting the product specification and bidding niles; training the suppliers for preparing the auction; proceeding the auction by internet. 2. The perceived B2B benefits for buyers were profit improvement and cost reduction while those for suppliers were time saving and market share improvement. The indicated buying problems were as poor product quality, low product image, and difficulty in partnership. For B2B buying strategies, a quality management system, various auction tactics based on items, and a supplier management system were recommended.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2004

In this paper, the Eigen-RAKE receiver in wideband direct sequence code-division multiple access(DS-CDMA) systems with downlink smart antenna is analyzed for different spreading bandwidths(1.25 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz) and different channel environments(macro, micro). The realistic spatio-temporal wideband multipath channel is assumed, one of which is standardized multiple-input single-output(MISO) radio channel model for WCDMA link-level simulations proposed by $3^{rd}$ generation partnership project(3GPP) contributions. We assumed spatial scattering phenomenon in which many unresolvable path signals within a limited range of spatial angle simultaneously contribute to the signals received at the receiver. Several multipaths within one chip are distinguished into each one and the first multipath components are selected as the desired signal and the others are considered self-interference. Downlink DS-CDMA system with eigenbeamformer using wider bandwidth present better performance than that using narrow bandwidth system by employing Eigen-RAKE receiver of many number of branches. It is shown that the downlink eigenbeamformer is more effective in typical urban macro cellular environments when using Eigen-RAKE receiver.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2008

본 연구는 재해복지 구호정책에 참여자간의 상호작용, 특히, 참여자간의 상호의존성에 초점을 두고, 재해 구호정책의 집행에 있어서 공공부문과 민간부문의 상호관계의 개선방안을 정책네트워크 분석요소를 통하여 규명하고 개선방향을 제시하고자 한다. 재해구호 집행과정에 있어서 공공부문과 민간부문의 관계는 기본적으로 상호 보완 혹은 상호의존적인 협력관계를 형성할 것이 요구된다. 또한, 이들은 각각의 재해구호 활동에 있어서 조직 자체가 동원할 수 있는 자원을 토대로 정부와 민간조직들이 상호간 재해구호에서의 역할과 기능을 협의하고 공동의 노력을 통하여 재해를 극복하는 것이 요구된다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.264-274
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• 2017

Recently, mobile positioning enhancement has attracted much attention in the 3rd generation partnership project long-term evolution system. In particular, for urban canyon environments, the need for three-dimensional (3D) positioning has increased to enable the altitude of users to be measured. For several decades, several time difference of arrival (TDOA-) based 3D positioning methods have been studied; however, they are only available when at least four evolved Node Bs (eNBs) exist nearby or when all eNBs have the same height. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new 3D positioning method that estimates the 3D coordinates of a user using three types of two-dimensional (2D) TDOAs. However, the give inaccurate results owing to the undefined axis of the 2D coordinate plane. Therefore, we propose a novel derivation of the hyperbola equation, which includes the undefined axis coordinate in the 2D hyperbola equation. Then, we propose an interaction algorithm that mutually supplies the undefined axis coordinate of users among 2D TDOAs. By performing extensive simulations, we verify that the proposed method is the only solution applicable by using three eNBs with different heights.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.373-386
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• 2005

승용 자동차 임대업의 본사와 영업소의 배치를 통하여 사무소의 지역적 체계를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 승용 자동차 임대업의 공간적 특성은 서비스 생산자가 국지적 시장을 벗어나기 위하여 주식회사, 합자회사 등을 설립하여 기업조직의 재구조화를 도모함으로 다양한 요인에 의해 본사가 있는 지역 내 및 지역 외 특정지역에 영업소를 배치시켜 광범위한 공간적 분업을 하고 있다. 이러한 공간분업은 최근 여가활동의 증가 등으로 수요증대에 따른 사무소간의 승용 자동차의 단기간 제공 등에 의한 네트워크의 형성이 규모의 경제를 발생시키고 있다.