• 한국해양학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 1972

Densities and composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton, concentrations of particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, and particulate inorganic matter were determined in the coastal area of Ko-ri during one year. There are peaks of densities of plankton organisms in summer, autumn, and spring Concentrations of particulate organic carbon ranged from 35 to 3,785 mg/㎥ (averaging 868mg/㎥ ), particulate organic nitrogen ranged from 4.4 to 158mg/㎥ (averaging 45mg/㎥), inorganic suspended matter ranged from 0.6 to 11.6 mg/L (averaging 5.7mg/L), and the carbon-nitrogen ratios of the suspended matter were varied from 0.5 to 231(averaging 35), with each seasonal cycle. The phytoplankton density and particulate organic carbon were possitively correlated from March to November, negatively from December to February, and the zooplankton dinsity and particulate organic nitrogen were well correlated.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.531-539
• /
• 2020

To understand the composition, quantity, and quality of Suspended Particulate Organic Matter (SPOM) in the Gangneung Namdae Stream, Korea, we examined spatiotemporal variations in water temperature, salinity, chlorophlly a (Chl a), Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON), and carbon stable isotope (δ¹³C) of SPOM at six stations in June (pre-monsoon), July (monsoon), and September (post-monsoon) 2017. With increasing precipitation, the average POC and C/N values increased significantly in July than in June. In September, the values decreased with decreasing precipitation. The δ¹³C values showed irregular spatiotemporal fluctuations among the stations and periods, thereby suggesting a greater contribution of autochthonous organic matter to the pool of SPOM than that of allochthonous organic matter derived from upstream. In addition, the large and irregular changes in POC, C/N ratio, C:Chl a, and δ¹³C compared to that of PON were observed for all periods among the stations, indicating a serial discontinuity of the stream. Our results suggest that the Gangneung Namdae Stream is significantly influenced by the increase in freshwater discharge caused by heavy rainfalls during the summer monsoon and post-monsoon periods.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.134-143
• /
• 1996

Sediment cores were collected from one site each in Amursky and Ussuriysky Bays in the Peter the great Bay for $^{210}Pb$, org C, N, biogenic Si, ${\delta}^{13}$C and ${\delta}^{15}$N analysis to elucidate the processes of biogenic particulate matter accumulation and early diagenetic change in the upper sediment column. Biogeochemistry at the core sites of both bays shows differences in sedimentation rate, sediment mixing, and diagenetic processes of particulate biogenic matter. Sedimentary organic matter at the core sites in both bays appeared to be largely derived from marine origin. Sedimentation rates are 173 and 118 mg $cm^{-2}$ $yr^{-1}$(0.13 and 0.11 cm $yr^{-1}$) in Amursky and Ussuriysky Bays, respectively. The surface mixed layer in the core top was present in Amursky Bay but not in Ussuriysky Bay. At the core site in Amursky Bay, incorporation of biogenic particulate matter into the sediment from the overlying waters is 236, 19, 142 mmol $cm^{-2}$ $yr^{-1}$ for organic C, N, and biogenic Si, respectively. Of which about 70${\%}$ of organic C and biogenic Si are degraded within the upper 25 cm sediment and the rest are buried at 25 cm sediment horizon. At the core site in Ussuriysky Bay, incorporation of biogenic particulate matter into the sediment from overlying waters is 164, 18, 76 mmol $cm^{-2}$ $yr^{-1}$ for organic C, N, and biogenic Si, respectively. Of which less than 50${\%}$ of organic C and biogenic Si are degraded within the upper 25 cm sediment and the remainder are buried at 25 cm sediment horizon. This large difference of degradation of biogenic matter in the upper 25 cm sediment column appears to be resulted from the difference in sediment mixing rates between the two cores.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2009

2003년부터 2006년 사이의 새만금 방조제 내측 표층 해역에서 입자성 부유물질(suspended particulate matter), 입자성 유기탄소(particulate organic carbon) 그리고 용존 유기탄소(dissolved organic carbon)의 분포 변화를 조사하였다. 하천을 통해 새만금 방조제 내측으로 유입되는 입자성 물질과 유기탄소는 대부분 풍수기인 여름철에 집중 되었고, 이는 2006년 4월 최종 물막이 공사 완료 후 폐쇄 환경이 된 새만금 내측 해역에 많은 양의 유기물 부하가 단기간에 집중될 수 있음을 시사하였다. 한편, 2003년 이후 제4호 방조제 완공으로 막혀진 만경강 하구역에서 새만금 방조제에 이르는 해역에서 입자성 물질과 유기탄소의 표층 농도가 증가하는 것이 관찰되었다. 특히 부영양화(eutrophication)로 인한 식물 플랑크톤의 증가로 입자성유기탄소를 비롯, 생물기원의 유기탄소가 증가하였다. 이러한 표층의 과도한 입자성 유기탄소의 증가는 향후 저층 퇴적 환경으로 침전되었을 경우 용존 산소 고갈에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.13-23
• /
• 2003

Organic carbon and nitrogen contents in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surface sediments in seawater were measured in the Northern East China Sea in summer. The distribution of particulate organic carbon(POC) and particulate organic nitrogen(PON) were in the ranges of 54~481㎍/ℓ and 6~85㎍/ℓ, respectively, with relatively high level of concentrations in the western and southern sides of the study area. Also, there has been a significantly positive correlation between POC and PON, gradually increasing toward the deeper range of depth. Average C:N ratios of POC and PON of SPM were 6 in study area. The ratios of POC to PON of SPM increased as the range of depth increased, indicating nitrogen decomposes more rapidly than carbon and is considered to be influenced by the input of detritus from surface sediments. The distribution of total organic matter(TOM), total organic carbon(TOC) and total organic nitrogen(TON) in surface sediments were in the ranges of 3.1~9.6%, 0.282~0.635% and 0.022~0.069%, respectively, with relatively low range in the western and northern sides of the study area. The ratio of TOC to TON of surface sediments were in the range of 9.8~17.4(average of 13), strongly indicating the active role of the input from the terrestrial organic pollutants.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.189-201
• /
• 2012

방사성탄소동위원소는 해양의 탄소순환을 이해하는 데 유용한 도구이다. 현재 가속질량분석기를 이용한 분석 기술의 발달로 유기물전체 뿐만 아니라 특정 유기화합물에서도 방사성탄소 분석이 이루어지고 있다. 이 리뷰 논문에서는 방사성탄소의 측정 방법과 농도 표현에 대하여 간단히 소개하고 방사성탄소를 해양의 유기탄소 순환 연구에 이용한 예들을 살펴보았다. 입자유기탄소와 용존유기탄소의 기원 물질 및 순환, 저서생물의 선택적 섭식, 입자유기물의 생화학적 화합물군의 거동, 분자크기에 따라 분류한 용존유기물군의 거동, 퇴적물의 수평 이동, 퇴적물의 연대측정, 육상기원 유기물의 거동, 미생물 유기물의 기원 물질, 할로겐화 유기물의 기원을 이해하기 위한 연구의 예들을 통하여 유기물전체, 유기물군, 특정 유기화합물의 방사성탄소 측정이 어떻게 해양 유기탄소 순환 연구에 활용될 수 있는지 기술하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.14-21
• /
• 2019

Background: Stoichiometry plays an important role in understanding nutrient composition and cycling processes in aquatic ecosystems. Previous studies have considered C:N:P ratios constant for both DOM (dissolved organic matter) and POM (particulate organic matter). In this study, water samples were collected in the six major rivers in Korea and were incubated for 20 days. C:N:P ratios were determined during the time course of the incubations. This allowed us to examine the changes in N and P contents of organic matter during decomposition. Results: POM and DOM showed significant differences in N and P content and the elemental ratios changed during the course of decomposition; DOM showed higher C:N and C:P ratios than POM, and the C:N and C:P ratios increased during decomposition, indicating the preferential mineralization of P over N and N over C. Conclusions: The N and P contents of organic matter in aquatic ecosystem are far from constant and vary significantly during decomposition. More detailed information on the changes in C:N:P ratios will provide improved understanding of decomposition processes and improved modeling of aquatic ecosystems.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.289-296
• /
• 2006

Various drying conditions, temperatures (40 to $80^{\circ}C$) and durations (overnight to 72 hrs), for the particulate organic matter (POM) fraction after wet-sieving size fractionation have been applied for determination of POM contents in the weight loss-on-ignition method. In this study, we investigated the optimum drying condition for POM fraction in quantification of POM and/or mineral-associated organic matter (MOM; usually indirectly estimated). The influence of the drying conditions on quantifying POM was dependent upon soil properties, especially the amount of soil organic components. In relatively high organic soils (total carbon > 40 g/kg in this study), the POM values were significantly higher (overestimated) with drying at $55^{\circ}C$ than those values at $105^{\circ}C$, which were, for example, 173.2 and 137.3 mg/kg, respectively, in a soil studied. However, drying at $55^{\circ}C$ for longer than 48 hrs of periods produced consistent POM values even though the values were much higher than those at $105^{\circ}C$. Thus, indirect estimates of MOM (MOM = SOM-POM) also tended to be significantly impacted by the dry conditions. Therefore, we suggest POM fractions should be dried at $105^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs as determining POM and MOM contents. If the POM traction is needed to be dried at a lower temperature (e.g. $55^{\circ}C$) with a specific reason, at least 48 hrs of drying period is necessary to obtain consistent POM values, and a moisture correction factor should be determined to adjust the values back to a $105^{\circ}C$ weight basis.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.279-284
• /
• 2009

In order to understand food sources-metabolism for the pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), the stable isotope ratios of carbon (${\delta}^{13}C$) and nitrogen (${\delta}^{15}N$) of its gut, gill, and muscle as well as potential food sources (particulate organic matter, sedimentary organic matter, benthic microalgae, seagrass detritus) were determined in Dongdae Bay. Average ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values reflect that oysters primarily fed on sedimentary organic matter as opposed to suspended organic matter during summer and winter seasons. However, the relatively enriched $^{15}N$ values of particulate organic matter (>$250{\mu}m$) and sedimentary organic matter in the summer may be due to the photosynthetic incorporation of $^{15}N$-enriched nitrogen (DIN) or the spawning events of bivalves. Specific oyster tissues (gut, gill, and muscle) revealed different metabolic pathways, which were determined through analysis of ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ in each organ. The present results suggest the determination of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes to be a useful approach in ecological research related to the food sources- metabolism of Crassostrea gigas.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2024

This study employed field measurements and biogeochemical analysis to examine the effects of seasonal conditions (e.g., temperature and precipitation) and human intervention (e.g., dam or weir construction) on the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter, flocculation kinetics of suspended particulate matter, and formation of the fluid mud layer on riverbeds. The results indicated that a water environment with a substantial amount of biopolymers offered favorable conditions for flocculation kinetics during an algal bloom period in summer; a thick fluid mud layer was found to be predominated with cohesive materials during this period. However, after high rainfall, a substantial influx of terrigenous humic substances led to enhanced stabilization of the particulate matter, thereby decreasing flocculation and deposition, and the reduced biopolymer composition served to weaken the erosion resistance of the fluid mud on the riverbed. Moreover, a high-turbulence condition disaggregated the flocs and the fluid mud layer and resuspended the suspended particulate matter in the water column. This study demonstrates the mutual relationship that exists between biogeochemistry, flocculation kinetics, and the formation of the fluid mud layer on the riverine area during different seasons and under varying hydrological conditions. These findings are expected to eventually help inform the more optimal management of water resources, which is an urgent task in the face of anthropogenic stressors and climate change.