• 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.303-314
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• 2018

The urban railway system is a convenient public transportation system, as it carries many people without increasing traffic congestion. However, air quality in urban railway environments is worse than ambient air quality due to the internal location of the source of air pollutants and the isolated space. In this paper, characteristics of particulate matter (PM) pollution in urban railway environments are described from the perspective of diurnal variation, chemical composition and source apportionment of PM. PM concentrations in concourse, platform, passenger cabin, and tunnel are summarized through an analysis of 34 journal articles published in Korea and overseas. This information will be helpful in developing effective policies to reduce PM pollution in urban railway environments.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.82-90
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• 1998

A large number of studies have indicated associations between particulate air pollution and daily mortality. Daily measurements of total suspended particulates (TSP) by high volume air sampler were matched to daily death counts supplied by the National Statistics Office, Korea. All deaths, except deaths from accidents, occurred at Ulsan from 1 January 1991 to 31 December 1994 were considered in the poisson regression analysis. The multiple regression models were used to investigate a main effects of air particulate pollution controlling for $SO_2$ levels, air temperature, relative humidity, seasonal variation, and calendar year. The results indicated that the effects of TSP, $SO_2$, temperature, and relative humidity were not significantly associated with all cause mortality. It could, however, be emphasized that the size of the parameter estimate of TSP was very similar to that of previous studies. An increase in particulates of $100{\mu}g/m^3$ was associated with a 3% increase in mortality. This relationship was observed at TSP levels well below the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard of $150{\mu}g/m^3$ in Korea as well.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.994-999
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• 2007

The particulate matters emitted by diesel locomotives cause serious air pollution in stations and railroad. There have been various attempt to reduce the air pollution from diesel bus or trucks. However, the air pollution from the diesel locomotives has been out of control because there has not any adaptable technology. In this study, a diesel particulate filter was developed and applied to the diesel locomotives. A 3,000 horsepower large-scale locomotive and a 1,500 horsepower middle-scale locomotive were used for the test of the filter. The particulate matter emissions before and after the treatment was monitored by a scanning mobility particle sizer and a dust monitor. As a result, it was observed that the particulate matters could be successfully removed from the emission gases by using the filter.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Vehicle exhaust is a dominant source of air pollutants in urban areas. Since people are easily exposed to vehicle exhaust particles while driving a car and/or traveling via public transportation, air pollution near traffic has been extensively studied in developed countries. In this paper, investigations on vehicle-related fine particulate air pollution at roadsides and on roads in Seoul, Korea were reviewed to understand air pollution near traffic. Comparison of $PM_{10}$ concentrations in Seoul showed that roadside air is more contaminated than urban air, implying that exposure levels near vehicular emissions are more critical to sensitive persons. Concentrations of ultrafine particles and BC (black carbon) at roadsides of Seoul fluctuate highly for short durations, responding to traffic situations. Diurnal variations of ultrafine particles and BC concentrations at roadsides seem to be affected by traffic volume, mixing layer height, and wind speed. Concentrations of ultrafine particles and BC decrease as distance from the road increases due to dilution during transport. On-road air pollution seems to be more severe than roadside air pollution in Seoul. Since nearby traffic air pollution has not been well understood in Seoul, further studies including various vehicular air pollutants and representative locations are needed.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

As the COVID-19 pandemic situation worsens, the time spent indoors increases, and the exposure to indoor environmental pollution such as indoor air pollution and noise also increases, causing problems such as deterioration of human health, stress, and discord between neighbors. This paper designs and implements a system that measures and monitors indoor air quality and noise, which are representative evaluation criteria of the indoor environment. The system proposed in this paper consists of a particulate matter measurement subsystem that measures and corrects the concentration of particulate matters to monitor indoor air quality, and a noise measurement subsystem that detects changes in sound and converts it to a sound pressure level. The concentration of indoor particulate matters is measured using a laser-based light scattering method, and an error caused by temperature and humidity is compensated in this paper. For indoor noise measurement, the voltage measured through a microphone is basically measured, Fourier transform is performed to classify it by frequency, and then A-weighting is performed to correct loudness equality. Then, the RMS value is obtained, high-frequency noise is removed by performing time-weighting, and then SPL is obtained. Finally, the equivalent noise level for 1 minute and 5 minutes are calculated to show the indoor noise level. In order to classify noise into direct impact sound and air transmission noise, a piezo vibration sensors is mounted to determine the presence or absence of direct impact transmitted through the wall. For performance evaluation, the error of particulate matter measurement is analyzed through TSI's AM510 instrument. and compare the noise error with CEM's noise measurement system.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.246-258
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• 2012

Particulate matter deposited on leaf surfaces may cause erosion/abrasion of epicuticular wax and the malfunction of stomata. However, the deposition processes of particulate matter, such as elemental carbon (EC), has not been studied sufficiently in Asian forest ecosystems. Deposition processes for particulate ${SO_4}^{2-}$ and EC were studied in a Japanese cedar forest in Kajikawa, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, and in a dry evergreen forest and a dry deciduous forest in Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. The ${SO_4}^{2-}$ fluxes attributed to rainfall outside the forest canopy (RF), throughfall (TF), and stemflow (SF) showed distinct seasonalities at both sites, increasing from November to February at the Kajikawa site and in March/April at the Sakaerat site. Seasonal west/northwest winds in winter may transport sulfur compounds across the Sea of Japan to the Kajikawa site. At the Sakaerat site, pollutants suspended in the air or dry deposits from the dry season might have been washed away by the first precipitations of the wet season. The EC fluxes from RF and TF showed similar variations by season at the Kajikawa site, while the flux from TF was frequently lower than that from RF at the Sakaerat site. Particulate matter strongly adsorbed onto leaf surfaces is not washed away by rainfall and contributes to the EC flux. At the Kajikawa site, Japanese cedar leaf surfaces accumulated the highest levels of particulate matter and could not be neglected when calculating the total flux. When such leaf-surface particles were considered, the contribution of dry deposition to the total EC flux was estimated to be 67%, 77%, and 82% at the Kajikawa site, and at the evergreen and deciduous forests of the Sakaerat site, respectively. Leaf-surface particles must be included when evaluating the dry and total fluxes of particulate matter, in particular for water-insoluble constituents such as EC.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.207-235
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• 2021

본 논문은 오존과 미세먼지 수준이 도보, 자가용, 버스, 전철의 통행시간에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 가구통행실태조사 자료와 SUR 모형을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 대기오염 농도가 높아질수록 자가용 통행시간이 증가하고, 버스의 통행시간이 감소하는 것으로 나타난다. 그러나 대기오염 경보가 발령되면 버스의 통행시간이 증가하는 공익적 행위가 일부 나타나지만, 자가용의 통행시간이 증가하거나 변화가 없고, 전철의 통행시간이 증가하지 않는 것으로 나타난다. 이는 경보의 발령으로 제공되는 정보가 배출 저감을 위한 통행행태 변화보다는 오염상황에의 노출을 줄이는 회피행동에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤음을 시사한다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2014

Recent episodes of severe air pollution in eastern Asia have been reported in the scientific literature and news media. Therefore, there is growing concern about the systemic effects of air pollution on human health. Along with the other well-known harmful effects of air pollution, recently, several animal models have provided strong evidence that air pollutants can induce liver toxicity and act to accelerate liver inflammation and steatosis. This review briefly describes examples where exposure to air pollutants was involved in liver toxicity, focusing on how particulate matter (PM) or carbon black (CB) may be translocated from lung to liver and what liver diseases are closely associated with these air pollutants.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2001

대기분진의 영향을 분석한 역학적 연구들은 분석방법의 오류, 생물학적인 타당성, 혼란변수의 통제 등 여러 가지 제한점들을 갖고 있기 때문에 이를 해석할 때 주의를 요한다. 그러나 대기분진역학연구들이 여러 가지 다른 연구방법과 자료원, 그리고 분석기법 등을 적용하였는데도 불구하고 연구결과간에 일치성이 매우높기 때문에 대기분진의 인체효과에 대한 연구결과가 일정한 방법론적인 또는 분석상의 오류에 의해서 나타났을 가능성은 거의 없다. 역학적 연구들이 생물학적인 타당성에 대한 상세한 근거를 제시하기는 어렵지만 서로 다른 연구들의 결과가 호흡기질환 및 심혈관계질환에 대한 건강영향을 나타내고 있으나 기타 질환에 대해서는 의미있는 결과들이 거의 없다는 것은 대기분진이 호흡기질환 및 심혈관계질환에 미치는 생물학적인 기전의 근거를 강하게 나타낸다고 할 수 있다. 대기분진 역학연구의 또 다른 중요한 관심사는 혼란변수의 통제 문제이다. 혼란변수란 노출과 질병에 서로 연관되어 있는 다른 위험인자가 분석에서 적절하게 통제되지 못하였을 때 이로 인하여 대기분진과 건강영향의 관련성이 잘못 나타나는 것을 말한다. 그러나 역시 서로 다른 연구들에서 여러 가지 혼란변수가 관련성에 영향을 미쳤다면 여러 지역의 다양한 연구에서 일정한 결과를 제시하기는 어려웠을 것이므로 대기분진과 건강영향의 관련성이 혼란변수의 부적절한 처리 때문에 나타난 것이라고 보기는 어렵다. 물론 대기분진 이외의 가스상 오염 물질이 같이 존재하고 또 서로간의 상관성이 매우 높기 때문에 이러한 대기오염 물질의 영향을 완전히 통제한 상태에서 대기분진만의 영향을 관찰한다는 것은 매우 어려운 일이다. 따라서 다중 공선성의 문제나 교차효과의 문제 등이 앞으로 대기분진 역학연구의 과제일 것이다. 결론적으로, 대기분진이 사망률 및 병원 내원율 등에 미치는 영향은 확립되었다고 보아도 될 것이다. 또한 우리나라의 연구들을 통하여 대기분진의 건강영향은 예외 없이 우리에게도 나타나는 문제라는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 이러한 역학적 관련성에 대한 성과에도 불구하고 발생기전의 평가, 감수성 인구집단의 확인, 예방 및 관리 대책 마련 등 앞으로 해야 할 과제가 많이 남아있다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.169-170
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• 2006