• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2015

The shell and tube heat exchanger is an essential part of a power plant for recovering transfer heat between the feed water of a boiler and the wasted heat. The baffles are also an important element inside the heat exchanger. Internal materials influence the flow pattern in the bed. The influence of baffles in the velocity profiles was observed using a three-dimensional PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) around baffles in a horizontal circular tube. The velocity of the particles was measured before the baffle and between them in the test tube. Results show that the velocity vectors near the front baffle flow along the vertical wall, and then concentrate on the upper opening of the front baffle. The velocity profiles circulate in the front and rear baffle. These profiles are related to the Reynolds number (Re) or the flow intensity. Velocity profiles at lower Re number showed complicated mixing to obtain the velocities and concentrate on the lower opening of the rear baffle as front wall. Numerical simulations were performed to investigate the effects of the baffle and obtain the velocity profiles between the two baffles. In this study, a commercial CFD package, Fluent 6.3.21 with the turbulent flow modeling, k-${\epsilon}$ are adopted. The path line and local axial velocities are calculated between two baffles using this program.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.511-528
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• 2014

The characteristics of wake galloping phenomenon for two parallel/unparallel circular cylinders were investigated via wind tunnel tests. The two cylinders were initially deployed in parallel and wake galloping phenomena were observed by varying the center-to-center distance. The effect of an unparallel arrangement of two cylinders was next investigated by fixing the spacing ratio of one side of the cylinders at 5.0D and the other side at 3.0D, in which D represents the diameter of the cylinder. For the unparallel disposition, the 5.0D side showed a small, limited vibration while the 3.0D side produced much larger amplitude of vibration, resulting in a rolling motion. However, the overall amplitude appeared to decrease in unparallel disposition when compared with the amplitude of the 3.0D - 3.0D parallel case. This represents the mitigation effect of wake galloping due to the unparallel disposition between two cylinders. Flow visualization tests with particle image velocimetry were conducted to identify flow fields between two cylinders. The test results demonstrate the existence of a complex interaction of the downstream cylinder with the shear layer generated by the upstream cylinder. When the spacing ratio was large enough, the shear layer was not observed and the downstream cylinder showed only limited random vibration.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2014

Heavy duty coating is playing an important role in the field of heavy industry in the development of the shipbuilding and plant industries. Heavy duty coating has the very important function of protecting steel under serious corrosive conditions. The airless tip used for heavy duty coating is an essential part that determines the spray pattern of the paint. This research investigated the injection properties of three airless tips(numbers 521, 523, and 525) by using particle image velocimetry(PIV). The velocity and turbulent intensity according to pressure change with each tip type were investigated by using PIV. If the pressure is greater, the turbulent intensity becomes stronger and the break up of particles becomes bigger as the tip number gets smaller. The velocity is the fastest in the center and decreases in the radial direction.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2013

A new type axial flow fan with centrifugal sub-blades has been designed and fabricated in the present study. We investigated velocity and pressure distributions in downstream flow fields of the fan experimentally to detect the detailed flow characteristics of new axial flow fan and an existing axial flow fan. Two-dimensional velocity components were probed by applying a particle image velocimetry system and pressure distributions were measured by Pitot tube and micro-manometer. Our results show that the velocity and pressure distributions at the flow fields of the new fan are quite different from the existing fan, and that the centrifugal sub-blades in the new fan can improve the performance characteristics in view of kinetic energy.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.174-182
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• 2014

The ultimate objective of this study is to develop a water turbine appropriate for low-head open channels to effectively utilize the unused hydropower energy of rivers and agricultural waterways. The application of a cross-flow runner to open channels as an undershot water turbine has been considered and, to this end, a significant simplification was attained by removing the turbine casing. However, the flow field of an undershot cross-flow water turbine possesses free surfaces, and, as a result, the water depth around the runner changes with variation in the rotational speed such that the flow field itself is significantly altered. Thus, clear understanding of the flow fields observed with free surfaces to improve the performance of this turbine is necessary. In this study, the performance of this turbine and the flow field were evaluated through experiments and numerical analysis. The particle image velocimetry technique was used for flow measurements. The experimental results reflecting the performance of this turbine and the flow field were consistent with numerical analysis. In addition, the flow fields at the inlet and outlet regions at the first and second stages of this water turbine were clarified.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.6 s.73
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• pp.41-53
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• 2006

This experimental study investigated the flow characteristics for regular waves passing a rectangular floating structure in a two-dimensional wave tank. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) was employed to obtain the velocity field in the vicinity of the structure. The phase average was used to extract the mean flow and turbulence property from repeated instantaneous PIV velocity profiles. The mean velocity field represented the vortex generation and evolution on both sides of the structure. The turbulence properties, including the turbulence length scale and the turbulent kinetic energy budget were investigated to characterize the flow interaction between the regular wave and the structure. The results shaw the vortex generated near the structure corners, which are known as the eddy-making damping or viscous damping. However, the vortex induced by the wave is longer than the roll natural period of the structure, which presents the phenomena opposing the roll damping effect; that is, the vortex may increase the roll motion under the wave condition longer than the roll natural period.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2014

Stenosis is the drastic reduction in the cross-sectional area of blood vessel caused by accumulations of cholesterol. It affects the blood flow property and structure from the fluid dynamic point of view. To understand the flow phenomenon more clearly, a particle image velocimetry method is used and the fluid dynamic characteristics in a circular channel containing stenosis structure is investigated experimentally in this study. Different stenotic-structured models made of acrylic material are subjected to a pulsatile flow generated by an in-house designed pulsatile pump. The inner diameter of the tube inlet is 20 mm and the length of reduced area for stenosis ranges between 35mm and 40mm. It is circulated continuously through a circular channel by the pump system. Pressure is measured at four different sections during systolic and diastolic phase changes. The phase-averaged velocity field distribution shows a recirculation regime after the stenotic structure. The effects of the stenotic obstructions are found to be more severe when the aspect ratio is varied.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2017

Sonic and supersonic jets include many complicated flow physics associated with shock waves, shear layers, vortices as well as strong interactions among them, and have a variety of engineering applications. Much has been learned from the previous researches on the sonic and supersonic jets but quantitative assessment of these jets is still uneasy due to the high velocity of flow, compressibility effects, and sometimes flow unsteadiness. In the present study, the sonic jets issuing from a convergent nozzle were measured by PIV and Schlieren optical techniques. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) with Olive oil particles of $1{\mu}m$ was employed to obtain the velocity field of the jets, and the black-white and color Schlieren images were obtained using Xe ramp. A color filter of Blue-Green-Red has been designed for the color Schlieren and obtained from an Ink jet printer. In experiments, two types of sonic nozzles were used at different operating pressure ratios(NPR). The obtained images clearly showed the major features of the jets such as Mach disk, barrel shock waves, jet boundaries, etc.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.517-520
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• 2002

Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry is a measurement technique to acquire of three dimensional velocity field by two cameras. With a laser sheet illumination, the third velocity component can be deduced by out-of-plane velocity components using a stereoscopic matching method. Industrial fluid flows are almost three dimensional turbulent flows, so it is necessary to use the stereoscopic PIV measurement method. However the existing stereoscopic PIV system seems hard to use since it is very expensive and complex. In this study we have developed a Stereoscopic Miniature PIV(MPIV) system based on the concept of the Miniature PIV system which we have already developed. In this paper, we address the design and some first experimental results of the stereoscopic PIV system. The Stereoscopic MPIV system features relatively modest performances, but is considerably smaller, cheaper and easy to handle. The proposed Stereoscopic MPIV system uses two one-chip-only CMOS cameras with digital output. Only two other chips are needed, one for a buffer memory and one for an interfacing logic that controls the system. Images are transferred to a personal computer (PC) via its standard parallel port. No extra hardware is required (in particular, no frame grabber board is needed).

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.704-715
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• 2005

In this study, to investigate in-cylinder tumble or swirl intake flow of a gasoline engine, the flow characteristics were examined with opening control valve (OCV) and several swirl control valves (SCV) which intensify intake flow through steady flow experiment, and also turbulent characteristics of in-cylinder flow field were investigated by 2-frame cross-correlation particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. In the investigation of intake turbulent characteristics using PIV method, the different flow characteristics were showed according to OCV or SCV figures. The OCV or SCV installed engine had higher vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy than a baseline engine, especially around the wall and lower part of the cylinder. Above all, SCV B type was superior to the others. About energy dissipation and reynolds shear stress distribution, a baseline engine had larger loss than OCV or SCV installed one because flow impinged on the cylinder wall. It should be concluded, from what has been said above, as swirl component was added to existing tumble flow adequately, it was confirmed that turbulent intensity was enlarged, flow energy was conserved effectively through the experiment. In other words, there is a suggestion that flow characteristics as these affected to in-cylinder combustion positively.