• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 1998

The spray characteristics of air-assisted fuel injection and its effects on the engine combustion was investigated in this study. The atomization characteristics of a Bosch fuel injector inserted into the air-assist adapter were measured using particle motion analysis system. Droplet size decreased with air supplied and fine spray with below $60\mu\textrm{m}$ of SMD was acquired under the conditions of air-assist pressure over 0.5bar. The lean combustion performance of a 1.8L DOHC engine equipped with air-assist adapters was tested on the dynamometer. When the assistant air pressure is 1.0bar, lean limit recorded the highest value, and CO, HC emissions were decreased at the pressure over 1.0bar.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2002

In order to reduce the exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine, it is important not only to improve the catalyst conversion efficiency, but also to directly reduce the engine-out exhaust emissions during a cold starting of the engine and warm up periods. The purpose of this study is to evaluate feasibility of a glow plug for an early fuel evaporator. In order to promote atomization, gasoline is injected on the glow plug with room temperature(20$\^{C}$) and high temperature(250$\^{C}$). To analyze the spray behavior characteristics, a PMAS is used to measure the SMD and the dropsize distribution of an impinging spray and a free spray. Results show that the evaporation rate of the impinging spray on the high temperature surface of the glow plug was higher than that of the free spray on the room temperature surface.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.202-209
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• 1998

For development of SDI(Spark-ignited Direct Injection) engine, stratified mixture formation with adequate strength at spark plug was required in wide range of engine operating conditions. So, spray structure under high ambient pressure and spray distribution after impingement on piston bowl in motoring engine was visualized by using laser equipments. Also, incylinder bulk flow structure was measured by using PIV (Paiticle Image Velocimetry) system. Counter-rotating tumble port and bowl piston was found effective to conserve bulk motion directed to spark plug in compression stroke. In addition, mask attached near valve seat in intake port was proposed to attenuate conventional tumble component and enhance counter-rotating tumble component.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2003

Dimethyl Ether (DME) is an excellent alternative fuel that provides lower particulate matter (PM) than diesel fuel under the same engine operating conditions. Spray characteristical of DME in common rail injection system were investigated within a constant volume chamber by using the particle motion analysis system. The injector used in this study has a single hole with the different orifice diameter of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mm. The injection pressure was fixed at 35MPa and the ambient pressure was varied from 0.6 to 1.5 MPa. Spray characteristics such as spray angle, spray tip penetration and SMD (Sauter mean diameter) were measured. Spray angle was measured at 30d$_{0}$, downstream of the nozzle tip. The measured spray angie increased with increase in the ambient pressure. Increase of the ambient pressure results in a decrease of spray penetration. The experimental result, of spray penetration were compared with the predicted one by theoretical and empirical models. Increase in the ambient pressure and nozzle diameter results in an increase of SMD at a distance 30, 45 and 60d$_{0}$, downstream of the nozzle, respectively.ely.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2006

We analyzed the non-Newtonian and non-isothermal flow in the melt conveying zone in co-rotating and counter-rotating screw extruder system with the commercial code, STAR-CD, and compared the mixing performance with respect to screw speed and rotating direction. The viscosity of fluid was described by power-law model. The dynamics of mixing was studied numerically by tracking the motion of particles in a twin screw extruder system. The extent of mixing was characterized in terms of the residence time distribution and average strain. The results showed that high screw speed decreases the residence time but increases the shear rate. Therefore higher screw speed increases the strain and has better mixing performance. Counter-rotating screw extruder system and co-rotating screw extruder has the similar shear rate with the same screw speed in spite of different rotating direction. However, the counter-rotating screw has good mixing performance, which is resulted from longer residence time than that of co-rotating screw extruder.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.485-485
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• 2009

Double side polishing process has been used for various industrial applications, such as polishing of semiconductor substrates and flat panel display glasses. In wafer manufacturing, double side polishing process is applied to improve wafer flatness and to minimize particle generation from wafers in device manufacturing processes, which is recognized as one of the most important processes. Whereas the kinematical modeling and analysis results of single side polishing, extensively used for chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) in device manufacturing, are well investigated, the studies in conjunction with double side polishing are barely carried out, due to the complication of polishing system and the uncertainty of wafer motion in the carrier. This paper suggests the derivation of kinematical model with consideration of carrier and wafer motion in double side polishing, and then presents the effect of kinematical parameters on material removal amount and its non-uniformity. The kinematical analysis results help to understand the double side polishing process and to control the polishing results.

• 공업화학
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2020

초미세먼지로 분류되는 PM_2.5 (particulate matter under 2.5 ㎛) 중에서도 특히 sub-micron 입자(0.1~1.0 ㎛)의 먼지는 브라운 운동(Brownian motion)으로 집진장치의 효율에 한계를 준다. 따라서 수산화나트륨으로 활성화된 알루미늄산나트륨(NaAlO₂)을 응집제(coagulant)로 선택하여 석탄을 사용하는 유동층 보일러에서 석탄의 회분에 포함된 칼륨(K)과 PM_2.5의 입도분포의 거동과 영향을 확인하고자 했다. 그리고 응집제를 석탄의 무게대비 1,200 : 1 비율로 석탄에 혼합 및 분사하면서 정상 운전하는 중에 보일러의 싸이클론에서의 미세먼지(FP)와 전기집진기에서의 미세먼지(EP)를 포집 및 고찰하였다. 포집한 미세먼지를 입도분석기를 이용하여 입도분포(%)를 분석한 결과 FP에서 평균 4.87%에서 0.51%로 변화를 보임으로써 89.53% 감소하였다. EP에서의 평균 3.46%에서 0.40%로 변화를 보임으로써 88.57% 감소하였다. 포집한 미세먼지를 XRP로 칼륨을 추적한 결과 칼륨의 변화율은 FP에서 평균 1.65%에서 1.87%로 13.33% 증가하고, EP에서 평균 1.65%에서 2.03%로 17.68% 증가하였다. TMS에 의해서 확인된 총 미세먼지 농도(mg/㎥)는 1차는 2.6 mg/㎥에서 1.7~1.9 mg/㎥로 26.9~34.6% 감소하였으며, 2차는 평균 2.9 mg/㎥에서 1.7~1.9 mg/㎥로 33.3~40.4%가 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 응집제가 PM_2.5 초미세먼지 입자의 크기와 그로 인한 집진장치효율에 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2019

슬로싱 현상은 현상의 특성인 격렬한 자유표면을 가지는 유동 문제뿐만 아니라, 슬로싱이 발생하는 유체 탱크가 부유체 혹은 어떠한 물체에 탑재되어 전체 시스템에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것이 가장 큰 논의점이다. 이러한 이유로 일반적인 슬로싱에 대한 해석은 탱크의 움직임에 의한 내부 유동의 발생, 그리고 그로 인해 야기되는 충격하중의 해석이 주를 이룬다. 이러한 슬로싱 현상은 비선형성이 강하며 자유표면에서의 대-변형이 발생한다. 매우 높은 비선형성으로 인해 실험에서는 재현성이 낮고, 수치 시뮬레이션에서는 정확도가 낮다는 것이 지속적으로 문제시 되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 높은 정확도를 가지는 카메라 비전 기술을 이용한 실험과 입자법을 이용한 시뮬레이션을 비교하였다. 탱크의 주요 제원을 통해 구해진 고유 주기와 그 주변 주기를 가지는 운동에서의 슬로싱 현상을 수치적으로 시뮬레이션 하였으며, 비교를 통해 탱크 내 슬로싱 하중을 분석하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 광주전남지부
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• pp.96-100
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• 2006

A pulsed laser ablation deposition (PLAD) technique is an excellent method for the fabrication of amorphous carbon (a-C) films. This paper was focused on the understanding and analysis of the motion of carbon atom (C) and carbon ion ($C^+$) particles in laser ablation assisted by Ar plasmas. The simulation has carried out under the pressure P=10~100 mTorr of Ar plasmas. Two-dimensional hybrid model consisting of fluid and Monte-Carlo models was developed and three kinds of the ablated particles which are C, $C^+$ and electron were considered in the calculation of particle method. The motions of energetic $C^+$ and C deposited upon the substrate were investigated and compared.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2005

Even though a relatively complete knowledge base has been established for diesel sprays, much of the knowledge cannot be directly translated to correlate the characteristics of gasoline spray. The macroscopic characteristics of gasoline impingement spray was investigated with photographic and image processing technique by Particle Motion Analysis System. The injector with single hole nozzle diameter of 0.28 mm was used in this experiment and the injection duration was selected as 10 msec. The injection pressure with 0.3, 0.35, and 0.4 MPa, impingement distance or 70, 100 and 130m, impingement angle or 0.15, 30 and $45^{\circ}$ were employed for the variables to affect the spray characteristics of impinging spray. It is clear that there is the analogy on the spray tip penetration between the gasoline impinging jet and diesel free jet. The spray tip penetration of impinging gasoline spray is proportional to the quarter power of the time after start of injection. The maximum height of impinging gasoline spray is also proportional to the quarter power of the time regardless of impingement distance, impingement angle and injection pressure. In addition, the effect of impingement angle on the spray tip penetration is significant according to the time after start of injection, even though there is minor effect in the initial stage of time after start of injection. Moreover, there is no remarkable effect of injection pressure on the spray tip Penetration under the experimental condition used in this study.