• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2015

The objective of the current study was to assess the comparative risk associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM) while commuting via different public transport modes in Fukuoka, Japan. For the given routes and measuring days, a trip-maker carried a lightweight portable bag loaded the real-time measurement devices which take simultaneous measurement for size-fractioned particle number concentration, $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentration, and total suspended particle (TSP) collection. The results of the present study have shown significant differences between public transports as commuting modes in Fukuoka. The PM exposure levels on subway platform and inside subway train were overwhelmingly higher than those of other points on commuting route. The relative ratio between modes (i.e., the ratio of $PM_{2.5}$ inside subway to that inside bus) provides an idea for choosing a right commuting mode for our health. This study clearly provided evidence of the extremely high levels of iron exposure by subway uses compared to bus uses. The result of theoretically reconstructed mass concentration of $PM_{2.0-0.3}$ collected on subway platform suggests that the PM of underground subway will be associated with PM both generated in subway system and inleakaged from outdoor environment.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.272-278
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• 2011

Decision tree as a classification tool is being used successfully in many areas such as medical diagnosis, customer churn prediction, signal detection and so on. The main advantage of decision tree classifiers is their capability to break down a complex structure into a collection of simpler structures, thus providing a solution that is easy to interpret. Since decision tree is a top-down algorithm using a divide and conquer induction process, there is a risk of reaching a local optimal solution. This paper proposes a procedure of optimally determining thresholds of the chosen variables for a decision tree using an adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO). The proposed algorithm consists of two phases. First, we construct a decision tree and choose the relevant variables. Second, we find the optimum thresholds simultaneously using an APSO for those selected variables. To validate the proposed algorithm, several artificial and real datasets are used. We compare our results with the original CART results and show that the proposed algorithm is promising for improving prediction accuracy.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2021

In this study, the clean air delivery rate (CADR) of ceiling air circulator (CAA) was determined under indoor environmental simulation conditions. An air filter was used to provide air cleaning ability to the CAA. The CADR of filter adapted CAA was evaluated and compared with the value of commercial air purifier. The installation of mesh-shaped filter on the CAA showed particle reduction effect on the particles over 0.4 ㎛ in diameter, but the CADR was up to 0.25 m³/min. When the filter having 99.9% in collection efficiency was installed on the CAA, its CADR was 1.52 m³/min, while the CADR of commercial air purifier was 3.19 m³/min.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1738-1745
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• 2007

A growth trial and a digestibility trial were conducted to examine the effect of feed particle size on the performance, nutrient digestibility, gastric ulceration and intestinal morphology in pigs fed barley-based diets. Barley was processed through a hammer mill to achieve four diets varying in particle size (average particle $size{\pm}standard $deviation): coarse ($1,100{\pm}2.19\;{\mu}m$), medium ($785{\pm}2.23\;{\mu}m$), fine ($434{\pm}1.70\;{\mu}m$) and mixed (1/3 of coarse, medium and fine) ($789{\pm}2.45\;{\mu}m$). Sixty-four entire male pigs were used in the growth trial and the diets were fed ad libitum between 31 kg and 87 kg live weight. Following slaughter, stomach and ileal tissues were scored for integrity (ulceration or damage) and histological measurements taken. Twenty-four entire male pigs were used in the digestibility trial, which involved total faecal collection. Over the entire growth phase, there were no differences (p>0.05) in average daily gain and feed conversion ratio between pigs fed diets of different particle size. Pigs fed the coarse and medium diets had lower (p<0.05) stomach ulceration scores (0.20 and 0.25, respectively, on a scale from 0 to 3) than those fed the mixed (0.69) or the fine diets (1.87). The stomachs of all animals fed the fine diet had lesions and stomach ulcerations were present only in this group. Pigs fed the fine diet had thicker (p<0.001) ileal epithelial cell layer with no differences (p>0.05) being observed for villous height or crypt depth. Faecal digestibility coefficients of neutral and acid detergent fibre were the highest (p<0.05) for the mixed diet, intermediate for the fine and coarse diets and the lowest for the medium diet. A similar numerical trend (p = 0.103) was observed for the apparent faecal energy digestibility coefficient. It is concluded that, with barley based diets, a variation in average particle size between $400{\mu}m$ and $1,100{\mu}m$ had no effect on pig performance but the fine dietary particle size affected the integrity of the stomach, as well as the structure of the small intestine, thus compromising overall gut health. Our data also demonstrate that changes in particle size distribution during the digestion process, rather than average particle size or particle size variation, are related to apparent faecal digestibility.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.269-289
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• 2005

An infinite system of stochastic differential equations (SDE)driven by Brownian motions and compensated Poisson random measures for the locations and weights of a collection of particles is considered. This is an analogue of the work by Kurtz and Xiong where compensated Poisson random measures are replaced by white noise. The particles interact through their weighted measure V, which is shown to be a solution of a stochastic differential equation. Also a limit theorem for system of SDE is proved when the corresponding Poisson random measures in SDE converge to white noise.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.239-241
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• 1999

싸이클론 집진장치는 구조 및 운전이 간단하여 비용이 적게 들고 유입 기체 온도에 대한 넓은 운전 범위을 가지고 있기 때문에 여러 산업공정에서 분진을 제어, 분리하는데 널리 사용하는 집진장치중의 하나이다. 하지만 미세 입자에 대해서는 낮은 집진효율을 가지고 있기 때문에 이러한 단점을 보완할 수 있는 방법으로 기존 싸이클론에 전기적 특성을 이용한 전기싸이클론(Electrocyclone)이 사용되었다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.419-420
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• 2000

The present study introduces and describes the characteristics of the spiral guide and groove body cyclones for the first time. The spiral guide was set inside the cyclone body or the inside of the cyclone body was grooved circumferentially or vertically. Except for the cyclone body, all configurations were the same. The particle collection efficiency for a conventional cyclone (Figure 1) was measured under a series of flow rates ranging from 15 L/min up to 80 L/min, and was compared with that yielded using existing theories. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.326-327
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• 2000

May(1945)에 의하여 임팩터가 개발된 이후 임팩터의 단별 분리입경의 정확성을 증가시키고, 기판에서 입자의 채취량을 늘리며, 임팩터 내부의 입자손실과 기판에서 입자가 충돌하여 튀어나오는 것(bounce)을 줄일 수 있는 방법 등이 꾸준히 연구되고 있다. 가속 노즐의 형상을 사각형에서 원형으로 변경하여 분리효율곡선의 기울기(stiffness)를 증가시킬 수 있었고(Mitchell and Filcher, 1959), 임팩터의 한 단에 여러 개의 가속 노즐을 가공한 다중 노즐(multi-jet) 임팩터를 사용함으로써 단의 분리입경을 낮추고, 입자의 채취량을 늘릴 수 있게 되었다(Anderson, 1958). (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.497-498
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• 2003

cyclone은 원심력을 이용하여 입자를 포집하는 집진장치로 간단한 구조 때문에 입자의 전처리 장치로 많이 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 미세 입자의 제어가 어렵고, 포집 효율의 증가를 위해 유량을 증가시킬 경우 유랑의 증가에 의한 압력손실과 에너지의 손실이 증가하며, 유량을 감소시킬 경우 입자의 포집 효율이 급격히 감소하는 점 등의 단점이 있다. 따라서, 미세 입자에 대한 포집 효율을 증가시키기 위해 싸이클론의 구조 및 형채를 변화시키는 많은 연구가 수행된 바 있다(Lim et al., 2001; Lim et al., 2003). 본 연구에서는 granule에 의한 관성충돌 효과를 이용하여, 일반적인 cyclone의 설계를 목적으로 하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.241-242
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• 2006